John A. Ferguson Senior High School



Florida HistoryFlorida secedes from the Union. On January 10, 1861, representatives met in Tallahassee to decide whether Florida would secede from the Union. The representatives voted to secede, and Florida joined other southern states in forming the Confederate States of America. Once the Civil War began, Florida fully supported the Confederate Army. More than 16,000 Floridians fought for the Confederacy and Florida's farms provided cattle, sugar, pork and salt to feed Confederate troops. Tallahassee; the state capitol, was never captured by Union forces during the war. The Only battle took place at Olustee and was considered a Confederate victory.The Confederate Army wins the Battle of Olustee on February 20-28, 1864. In February 1864, Brigadier General Truman Seymour led his Union troops deep into Florida. On the 20th, his soldiers encountered Brigadier General Joseph Finegan's Confederate soldiers near Olustee. The Confederate troops repelled the Union soldiers but Finegan did not pursue the retreating army. The Union forces headed back to Jacksonville while the Confederate troops reveled in their victory.Pensacola thrives during Reconstruction. Following the war, Pensacola became a major port for shipping lumber and forest products and a central military post. Railroad lines linked Pensacola to other southern cities. The lumber industry and easy transportation put Pensacola in a superior position to other southern cities struggling to rebuild their economies after the Civil War.Cattle industry thrives in Florida (1700-1900). Perhaps the first cattle in North America were those left behind in Florida by Ponce de Le6n in 1521. These wild herds thrived and led to the growth of the first cattle ranching industry in America. Florida cattlemen started shipping cattle to Cuba in the 17th century, and by 1700 more than 20,000 cattle lived on around thirty ranches in Florida. During the Civil War, Florida provided more beef to both Confederate and Union troops than any other region, and for the next thirty years Florida was the nation's leading cattle exporter.1821-Present. Citrus industry becomes essential to the state's economy. Despite the fact that citrus trees are not native to North America, today Florida is one of the largest citrus fruit producers in the world.Ybor City becomes part of Tampa, Florida in 1887. Ybor City, a vibrant section of Tampa, Florida, was named after a Spaniard, Vicente Martinez Ybor. Ybor came to Florida by way of Cuba, bringing his cigar manufacturing business and workers with him, and eventually settling in Tampa in the late 1800’s.In 1887, Florida became the first state to require railroads to carry African-Americans in separate cars.Cuban patriot Jose Marti visits Tampa in 1891. In some Cuban independence leaders visited Florida to solicit support for their cause.Some of the sailors killed in the explosion of the U.S. Maine that took place in Havana’s Harbor were buried in Key West, Florida, on March 27, 1898.In the spring of 1898, 30,000 U.S. troops were sent to Tampa in preparation for the Spanish-American War.Florida soldiers fight in the Philippines in 1899.Henry Flagler begins development of Florida East Coast Railway in 1880. He built the Florida East Coast Railway, extending it all the way to Miami (1889-1912).Henry Flagler builds Hotel Ponce de Leon in St. Augustine. (1911)In 1902 Flagler unveiled Whitehall, a 60,000 square-foot winter retreat for the wealthy, located in Palm Beach. Then, in 1905 Flagler began construction on an extension of the Florida East Coast Railway from Biscayne Bay to Key West. In 1912, Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway was finished. It ran from Jacksonville along the Atlantic Coast to Miami and through the Everglades to Key West. Impressed with the state's tropical climate and natural resources, Henry B. Plant and Henry Flagler built transportation empires that linked Florida's farms to Northern markets. Later, the railroads spurred the state's booming population growth and tourism industry.Pelican Island becomes America's first wildlife refuge in 1901.Mary McLeod Bethune starts the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls (1904). In 1923, the high school Bethune founded merged with the Cookman Institute to become Bethune-Cookman College. Member of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet. Aided Eleanor Roosevelt, 1st lady and worked at the UNITED NATIONS.John Collins and Carl Fisher develop Miami Beach in 1913.A United States naval submarine base is added at Key West in 1917. In addition to the Pensacola Naval Air Station, two other military bases in Florida that operated during World War 1 were the Naval Base at Key West and Camp Johnston Army Base at Jacksonville.Naval Air Station Pensacola, 1917. United States Navy base located next to Warrington, Florida, a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits. It is best known as the initial primary training base for all Navy, Marine and Coast Guard aviators and Naval Flight Officers, the advanced training base for most Naval Flight Officers, and as the home base for the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, the precision-flying team known as the Blue Angels. Because of contamination by heavy metals and other hazardous materials during this history, it is designated as a Superfund site needing environmental cleanup.Real Estate Boom hits new heights in Florida between 1920 and 1925.In 1926, a category 4 hurricane, known as the Great Miami Hurricane, caused $105 million in damage and killed approximately 373 people.In 1926, the housing bubble bursts in Florida.Zora Neale Hurston travels throughout Florida collecting folktales from African Americans in 1927The Mediterranean fruit fly, also known as the medfly, destroys growing and ripened fruits and vegetables, as well as plants in 1929.Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings wins the Pulitzer Prize for The Yearling in 1939The Naval Air Station at Jacksonville is commissioned in 1940.The Civil Air Patrol 1945, scientists with the Florida Citrus (CAP) helps protect the coast from 1942 to 1943.Ponce de Leon Inlet Light House becomes barracks for Coast Guardsmen in 1944. During World War II the lighthouse became a barracks for Coast Guardsmen who stood watch for enemy submarines.Florida's population from 1946 to 1960 swells. World War II gave Florida's economy a shot in the arm with new industry and expanded transportation. Civilians and military personnel, along with migrants from Cuba and Haiti, moved to Florida for jobs. Retirees moved down from the North to enjoy the state's balmy weather.The Everglades undergo land reclamation in 1948.Turf grass adds to the booming Florida economy. After World War II, a new business began taking shape in Florida: the production of turf grass, or sod. Florida's postwar population boom led to a demand for new housing construction, which in turn called for landscaping between 1950 and 1960.Tallahassee bus boycott 1950’S Reverend C. K. Steele and Edwin NorwoodOn May 26, 1956, two?Florida A&M University?students were arrested by the Tallahassee Police Department because they refused to give up their seats next to a white passenger. They were charged with "inciting a riot", though the white woman they sat next to made no objection. The next night a cross was burned outside their rooming house.[16]?Carrie Patterson, a FAMU junior, was a 21-year-old wife and mother from the small town of?Lakeland, Florida. She was able to return home just twice a year. Wilhemina Jakes, a FAMU senior, was a 26-year-old born in?Hardeeville, South Carolina?and was from?West Palm Beach, Florida. Both young women were studying?elementary education?at FAMU.Rev. C. K. Steele and Robert Saunders representing the?NAACP?began talks while blacks started boycotting the city's buses. This boycott was similar to that in the?Montgomery Boycottwith?Rosa Parks. Former bus patrons began a car pool lasting through May 26, 1957, several other events took place which would change segregation in Tallahassee. The Inter-Civic Council ended?the boycott?on December 3, 1956.On January 7, 1957, the City Commission repealed the bus-franchise?segregation?clause because of a recent federal ruling that outlaws segregated buses in Florida. Tallahassee's bus terminal would later be named after Steele.In 1959,?Betty Jean Owens, an?African-American?woman, was brutally raped by four white men in Tallahassee.[17]?The trial of Owens' rapists was significant in Florida, and the South as a whole, because the white men were given life sentences for their crimes. This severe of a sentencing had not occurred for white men in the South accused of raping black women previous to Owens' case.[18]The U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Ingham patrols Korean waters in 1953.Tallahassee bus boycott leads to desegregation from 1956-1958.1960s Civil Rights Protests[On March 16, 1960 the Tallahassee Police Department used?tear gas?to break up a student protest demonstration in the city. Protesters also attempted a boycott against "the Mecca", a popular eatery across from the gate of Florida State University. Similar protests were launched against McCrory's,?Woolworth's,?Walgreens, and?Sears. For more information, see below,? The new capitol buildingIn 1962, the agency established its Launch Operations Center on Florida's east coast at Cape Canaveral. A year later, it was renamed the John F. Kennedy Space Center to honor the assassinated President.Sit-in protests spread across the South to Jacksonville in 1960.The U.S beefs up military forces in Florida prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.Nike Hercules Missile Base is built in the Everglades in 1963.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. visits St. Augustine in 1964.A former site of secret training operations becomes Biscayne National Park in 1969.Walt Disney World opens in Orlando in 1971.More than 120,000 Cubans flee during Mariel boatlift in 1980.NOAA creates Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in 1990.Marjory Stoneman Douglas's lifelong battle to protect the Everglades culminates with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1993. She wrote numerous short stories, her most notable work, The Everglades: River of Grass was published in 1947.Restoration of the Everglades begins in 1993. ................
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