Florida Living History Festival



Florida Living History Festival

Activities Handouts

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Fort Christmas Historical Park

1300 N. Fort Christmas Road

Christmas, Florida 32709

Telephone: 407/254-9312

Florida Living History Festival

The camps are set up in a timeline which will be followed in sequence from a start point. However, groups can not all start on #1.

1. 1500 Timucuan Weapons Demonstration

2. 1500 Timucuan Camp

3. 1550 Spanish Camp

4. 1564 French Camp / Fort Caroline

5. 1660 Pirate Camp

6. 1776 English Camp

7. 1780 Blacksmith

8. 1800 Runaway Slave/Black Seminole Camp

9. Flint Knapper

10. Historic Weapons Camp

11. 1800 Seminole Camp

12. 1837 Soldier Fort, 2nd Seminole Indian War, 1835-1842

13. 1842 Homesteading, Pioneer woman in camp – soap making

14. 1862 Confederate Camp

15. 1870s Cowhunter Camp

16. Archaeology

Timucuan Camp

The Timucuans lived in Florida at the time of European contact. Their territory reached across the northern portion of Florida from the Aucilla River (above Tallahassee) to the east coast and down to just above Cape Canaveral. They lived in villages each with a chief and practiced agriculture, hunting and fishing.

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Spanish Camp

In 1513 Ponce de Leon landed in La Florida near what would become St. Augustine. The Timucuans came into contact with them. As Spain established a colony there, the Timucuan became laborers or slaves. By 1710 the Timucuans were gone from Florida, dead from the diseases brought by the Spanish and harsh treatment under the Spanish rule. Spain sought gold, land, converts to Christianity, food for St. Augustine, labor to build the fort, and to keep the English (Britain) and other nations from claiming their territory.

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French Camp/Fort de la Caroline

During the sixteenth century, France was determined to expand its empire. France’s first attempt to stake a permanent claim in North America was at La Caroline, a settlement near the mouth of the St. Johns River in Florida, near present day Jacksonville. Permanent settlement of 200 soldiers and artisans began in 1564, led by Rene de Goulaine de Laudonniere, who had accompanied Ribault on the previous expedition. With help from the Timucua Indians, the colonists began building a village and fort on the river’s south bank, naming the area La Caroline after their king, Charles IX.

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Chief Athore and Explorer Jean Ribault Fort Caroline

Pirates

Pirates and buccaneers were the ‘robbers’ of the high seas. At times their piracy was condoned by nationalities, the British, French, Americans and Dutch, etc. By encouraging the capture of Spanish ships and treasures (later English ships), these powers hoped to gain control of the New World. The golden age of piracy was between 1650 and 1720. However, pirates or privateers were important to the Americans especially during and after the Revolutionary War when the Navy was very small.

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English Camp

Britain occupied Florida from 1763 to 1783 when they traded captured Havana, Cuba for Florida during the Seven Year War (1756-1763). Spain recaptured Florida in 1783 during the American Revolution. The British captured the Pensacola area in 1810 until 1813 then Americans pushed them out.

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Blacksmith

The village blacksmith was important to the community, working metal into much needed tools (axes, hoes, etc.), horseshoes, and hardware (nails, hinges, etc).

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Flint Knapping

Flint knapping is how the early peoples made arrowheads and other edged stone tools. Hunter-gatherers in the wilderness used this survival skill to create important tools and hunting implements. Many people continue to practice the skill today, including traditional bowyers, experimental archaeologists, and primitive skills enthusiasts.

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Seminoles

With the demise of the aboriginal Indians in Florida, some Creeks and other Indians from the states to the north, moved into Florida. Seminole or ‘runaways’ so called from leaving their established tribal lands, filled the void in Florida and were allies of the British.

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Black Seminole

In the late 1700s and early 1800s black slaves escaped into Florida and joined Seminole communities. When conflict arose with the white settlers, they joined with the Seminoles, fighting in the 1st and 2nd Seminole Indian Wars (1818 to 1821 and 1835 to 1842).

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Second Seminole Indian War - Fort Christmas

The 2nd Seminole Indian War began with Dade’s Massacre in 1836 when 104 officers and soldiers were killed by the Seminoles in a surprise attack. Prior to the massacre the U.S. Army was trying to convince the Seminoles to move to lands in the Oklahoma Territory so that Florida could be opened for settlement without hostilities from the Indians.

Pioneer Camp

With the Armed, Occupation, and Settlement Act of 1842,

the United States government offered land grants to settlers after the 2nd Seminole Indian War. Families moved into the interior of Florida to build homes and farms. There were no roads, no towns, no stores, no schools or churches. They had to live off the land until they could establish these things. One of the things they had to do was make their own soap. This was made from tallow, lye and water, cooked over a fire until thick and then poured into molds to harden.

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Confederate Camp

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Florida became a State in 1845. During the Civil War, 1861-1865, Florida became part of the Confederacy, fighting for the South. The Civil War resulted when the ‘South’ decided to leave the United States of America due to issues of politics, economics and slavery. Florida provided beef for the Confederacy with special troops known as the Cow Cavalry.

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Cow hunter Camp

Open range allowed cattle to roam considerable distances. It was rare for people to fence in their property. Fences were used to keep cattle out of crops and away from homes. The Cow Hunter rode out on his horse searching for his cattle and any sign of danger to them. They would doctor the cattle and calves and look for signs of danger to them, such a panthers, wolves and bears, not to mention the rustlers!

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Archaeology

Archaeology is the study of human societies or cultures. This is done by discovering and studying the artifacts left behind. Not only the remains of structures, and possession, but also wood, seeds, plants, and building materials are all studied to learn how the people lived and died. The goal is to learn as much about the people as possible, hopefully gleaning their skills, beliefs, knowledge and total way of life.

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Timeline

Have the students cut out the pictures and place in timeline order by gluing to a separate sheet of paper. Then have them write in the dates, using the timeline and other information provided in this handout. They can color and decorate too!

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Pioneers Pirate Ship Seminoles

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Fort Christmas Timucuan Spanish

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Confederate Soldier Timucuan Village U.S. Army fighting

Seminole

Timeline of Early Florida History

10,000 BC 5,000 500 BC 100 AD 800 AD 1200 1400 1500 1600 1700

1500 to 1763 Spain controlled Florida

1783 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880

Humans may have moved into Florida as early as 15,000 BC. Archaeology shows that humans have occupied Florida continuously since 12,000 BC. Archaeology is the study of past human societies by finding and studying the things they left behind. The earliest people are referred to as Paleo-Indian, ‘paleo’ meaning stone; their tools were made of stone (no metal or forged tools). When the sea level started rising the period known as Archaic began and continued until the land of Florida became what it is like today. The Woodland and Mississippian periods brought pottery, settled communities, religion and political structure to the Indians. The planting and growing of food, corn, beans and squash began in the Mississippian period which ends just after the Spanish start exploring Florida. By the early 1700s most of the Indians that lived in Florida were gone. This is when the Indians from Georgia and Alabama begin moving into Florida. These Indians become known as the Seminoles.

Design a “Jolly Roger” Flag

|Each pirate ship had its’ own flag, designed by the Captain or the crew! It was called a “Jolly Roger” from the French, “jolie | |

|rouge” meaning “beautiful/lovely red”. The red flag was flown to let the other ship know that no life would be spared (or no | |

|quarter given). The flags were meant to scare the crew on the other ship, so symbols of death were popular. | |

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Popular Skull & Crossbones Blackbeard's Flag

Jolly Roger Instructions

1 piece of drawing paper

1 sheet of red, white, or black construction paper

3 pieces of felt ( red, white, black)

1 stick

Design a pirate flag that tells something about you. Pick something you are interested in or good at to include on your pirate flag. For example: if you like the guitar include guitars on your pirate flag instead of crossbones. Also include on your flag pirate symbols: skulls, skeletons, crossbones, cutlasses, hourglasses.

First draw your design on the drawing paper. Then cut your design out of felt and glue onto construction paper. After your pirate flag is dry, tape it to a stick.

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One characteristic of Seminole Indian traditional clothing was that the women and girls wore many beaded necklaces. They would start to collect these glass bead necklaces from a young age. Some would be given as gifts while others would be purchased at the local store or trading post. These women would wear all of the necklaces together around their necks and by the time they were middle aged they could be wearing up to twelve pounds of beads around their necks every day. If you follow the instructions below you can learn to make your own beaded necklace just like the Seminole Indian women wore.

Seminole Paper Beaded Necklace

Materials needed: Triangles of paper cut from colorful magazine pages,

Round wooden skewer or stick, Liquid glue, yarn

1. From a magazine, select the most colorful pages for cutting paper triangles. If your triangles are long and thin, the bead will be smaller but thick. If the base of the triangle is large, the bead will be very long.

2. To make each bead, take a triangle of paper and wrap it around the wood skewer. Begin by wrapping the bead at the base of your triangle and keep wrapping it to the point. To fully close the bead, put some liquid glue on the tip, and finish winding. If you want to get "straight" beads (such as white and red) you can simply replace the triangles by strips of paper.

3. Thread the beads on yarn (about 24”, long enough it will slide over the child’s head). Tie yarn ends into a knot.

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Men and women wore necklaces. The men didn’t wear as many.

Butter Making

Butter was made and used on a daily basis. The cows were milked morning and night. Children churned the butter in the morning before leaving for school as the heat in Florida sometimes made it impossible to make butter in the afternoon. The butter was washed with cool water to remove the milk. Sometimes it was stored in a bucket in the well to keep it cool.

Steps of Butter Making

Milk the cow and strain the milk through cheesecloth.

Store it in a crock in cool place overnight.

Skim off cream and churn immediately for ‘sweet cream’ butter

or set out for 6 to 12 hours depending on temperature of day,

then churn for ‘old fashioned’ butter and buttermilk.

Fill churn with cream, no more than 1/3 full.

Churn until yellow, smooth butter floats on milk.

Drain off milk or buttermilk and save to use as a beverage or in making biscuits.

Wash butter with cool water

until the water runs off clear.

Add a sprinkle of salt.

Store in cool place.

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Make a Sit-Upon

Sit-Upons are nice to use to sit upon the ground, especially if it’s damp. Just remember it’s something the students have to carry around. Another choice, ask them to wear long pants or jeans!

-1 large paper grocery bag

(draw a theme related picture and

color on the outside of the bag)

-1 thick section from a newspaper

-Hole punch or large tapestry needle

(depending on age and skill of student)

-Thick yarn or twine

-Scissors (regular or paper)

Cut down one side of the paper bag and remove the whole bottom of the bag.

Fold the bag one time evenly with the sides where you made the first cut together.

Slide the thick section of the newspaper between the folded sides of the paper bag.

Trim off or fold under any extra newspaper. You should leave a one inch edge of paper bag without any newspaper padding all the way around the three sides of the sit-upon.

Punch holes about 1 ½ inches apart along the three sides and feed the yarn or twine through using overlapping stitches OR skip the hole punching and use the tapestry needle to sew the overlapping stitches.

Optional: Use the yarn or twine to make a shoulder strap by connecting to two sides of the unstitched end.

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The Apalachee, Timucua, and Calusa were the three largest groups of native Indians in Florida prior to European settlement. The Apalachee lived in the northwest - panhandle, the Timucua in the north down to the central portion of the state, and the Calusa on the southwest coast. They had agriculture, especially maize (corn) and beans. They had large communities that usually recognized a head chief. They were excellent hunters and fishermen. Those on the west coast ate large quantities of shellfish.

The Ais, Jeaga, and Tequesta lived on the east coast south of Cape Canaveral. They were hunters and gatherers and great fishermen. They had no agriculture.

Most died of disease. The numbers were half what they had once been by the mid-1600s. Others died from working for the Spanish in the building of forts and missions and growing crops. Many died in the Timucaun Rebellion against the Spanish in 1656. The remainder were killed or captured by the English and enslaved in Carolina in the early 1700s. Of all these peoples it is believed that only a few scattered Calusa may have survived in the Everglades and later joined the Seminoles.

The Apalachee, Timucua, and Calusa were the three largest groups of native Indians in Florida prior to European settlement. The Apalachee lived in the northwest - panhandle, the Timucua in the north down to the central portion of the state, and the Calusa on the southwest coast. They had agriculture, especially maize (corn) and beans. They had large communities that usually recognized a head chief. They were excellent hunters and fishermen. Those on the west coast ate large quantities of shellfish.

The Ais, Jeaga, and Tequesta lived on the east coast south of Cape Canaveral. They were hunters and gathers and great fishermen. They had no agriculture.

Most died of disease. The numbers were half what they had once been by the mid-1600s. Others died from working for the Spanish in the building of forts and missions and growing crops. Many died in the Timucaun Rebellion against the Spanish in 1656. The remainder were killed or captured by the English and enslaved in Carolina in the early 1700s. Of all these peoples it is believed that only a few scattered Calusa may have survived in the Everglades and later joined the Seminoles.

La Florida

Gulf of Mexico

Indians of Florida at Time of European Contact

Cape

Canaveral

St. Augustine

Miami

Orlando

Jacksonville

Tampa

Tallahassee

7,000-500 800 AD Ponce de Leon Early 1700s

About BC 500 BC to 1492 Time of Contact 1564 1710 Seminoles start 1763-1783

12,000-7,000 Archaic to 1500 AD AD 1513 French Most Aboriginal moving into Florida England controlled Florida

BC Period 800 AD Timucuan & Columbus build fort Indians Dead

Paleoindians Woodland Period Calusa tribes

England America Florida Florida fights for the Only 208

1783-1821 captures 1817-1821 Buys Florida 1835-1842 Becomes a 1855-1858 Confederacy in the About 1867 Seminoles

Spain Pensacola 1st Seminole From Spain 2nd Seminole State 3rd Seminole Civil War Pioneers Settle left in Florida

Recaptures 1810-1813 Indian War 1821 Indian War 1845 Indian War 1861-1865 Fort Christmas 1880

Florida

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Modern Butter Recipe

Heavy Duty Whipping Cream

Salt, if desired

Fill jar 1/3 full and shake vigorously.

Usually makes in 15 to 20 minutes.

Pour off milk and wash butter with

cool water.

Add salt, if desired and store in refrigerator.

“Come butter come,

Come butter come,

Peter stands at the gate,

Waiting for a buttered Cake.”

Traditional churning song

Butter Churn

Wooden bowl, butter paddle and butter mold

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