International Workshop on CLTS M&E, Verifications, Follow ...



International Workshop on CLTS M&E, Verifications, Follow-ups and Learning

Hosted by: IDS | Crossroads Hotel | Lilongwe Malawi | August 6 – 10, 2012

Table of Contents

Day 1: August 6. 2012 3

Opening 3

Logistics 3

Angola Presentation 3

Sanitation Mapper Presentation 3

ODF Rural Kenya Presentation 4

Ethiopia Presentation 4

Day 2: August 7. 2012 5

Feedback from yesterday (issues, thoughts and learning) 5

Indonesia Presentation 5

Nigeria Presentation 7

Rwanda - Village Mapping 8

India Presentations 8

Urban Mapping – Mathare Experience 9

Bangladesh Presentation 9

Malawi Presentation 11

Day 3: August 8. 2012 12

Day 4: August 9. 2012 12

Site Visit Recap 12

Nepal Presentation 14

Ghana Presentation 15

Zambia Presentation 16

Uganda Presentation 17

Day 5: August 10. 2012 17

Four Minute Presentations 17

Group Work & Messages for Government 20

Appendix A: List of Participants 22

Day 1: August 6. 2012

Opening

Opening remarks were made by the Director of Sanitation for Malawi, Mr. Mpasa. He welcomed all the participants and acknowledged the hard work put in by IDS to convene the workshop. This was followed by remarks from Robert who outlined some of the reasons behind the workshop: reports which paint and over-favourable picture on the status of CLTS and the generation of numbers which do not reflect the true situation on the ground. He urged everyone to pool their experiences and ideas with the aim of producing something that can be shared with others. He also encouraged thinking of learning systems, and to reflect on how we as CLTS implementers can learn, adapt, and adjust as we go through the CLTS process.

Logistics

Introductions were made in a few different methods, which gave everyone a chance to see who they would collaborate with in the coming week. Many government officials were present, as well as NGO officers, from multiple countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America (for complete list of participants please see Appendix A). Ground rules were set by the participants, followed by a brainstorming session where participants shared which issues they hoped to cover, what they hope to learn and take away from the workshop, and whether they have any practical experience to contribute. This session created the roadmap for future sessions of the workshop.

Angola Presentation

Presented by Simon Cohen, People in Need

• Piloting an M&E system that is adapted from WaterAid Sanitation Mapper which takes GPS coordinates of each toilet

• The coordinates are entered into an Excel database which produces a map that is linked to Google Earth

• Allows for tracking of triggered and ODF communities

• Handover to government and ability to frequently update information unclear; puts into question scalability and sustainability of the system

Sanitation Mapper Presentation

Presented by Sue Cavill, WaterAid UK and SHARE

• Provided more details on the capabilities of the system (building off the Angola presentation)

• WaterAid has piloted the Mapper in Bangladesh and run a training course in Tanzania for the Centre for Community Initiatives

• Captures rich information for each toilet, including their hygienic conditions (collects more information than the Angola system)

Questions & Comments:

• Who collects this information?

Right now NGO staff, using GPS devices (which replaced the paper based system)

• What is the government response to this system?

Positive, they are keen to use it after the pilot stage

• Which indicators are being collected?

Agreed upon indicators at the national level

• How do we ensure that the product is easy to use, and at which levels is it used at?

ODF Rural Kenya Presentation

Presented by Kenyan participants

• The roadmap to ODF Kenya has systems and structures which have been set up to support it, including specific committees and staff dedicated to CLTS

• Two key factors for strategy success: attitudes and behaviours of key facilitators, and sensitive support of institutions

• They are currently putting weight behind follow-ups as data was collected which showed that they were lagging in declaring ODF communities; so they re-focused and stopped triggering until the ODF numbers increased

• Community health workers and Natural Leaders conduct follow-ups

• Third party verification is conducted, using national verification protocols and ToRs which provide the criteria for selection of third party organizations who will verify

• Incentives provided for CLTS work: lunch and transport for field work, and performance management rating for each person trained in CLTS (they have to declare 10 villages ODF to receive high performance rating, after which they receive a Certificate of Competence which can be used for promotions)

• Community rewards: after they are declared ODF, the ministries and communities converge to see what facilities are needed in the area which the government can provide

• Districts are encouraged to put local revenues towards CLTS as part of their performance management criteria

Ethiopia Presentation

Presented by Muchie Kidanu, UNICEF Ethiopia

• Ethiopia implements CLTSH – hygiene component is added (hand washing and safe water handling)

• Structure for M&E: Federal Ministry of Health (National Task Force) ( Regions ( Zones ( Woredas ( Kebeles ( Villages ( Health and Development Armies (Households

• The National Task Force develops the guidelines for monitoring to be brought down

• Village level monitoring is led by the Health Development Armies, which is led by a woman from a model household who monitors on other health issues

• Health extension workers are at the Kebeles level, where they collect information from the village and consolidate them to report to the Ministry of Health

• Ministry of Health convenes annual review meetings; aside from this feedback mechanisms exist but unclear how strong they are

• Verification conducted by health extension staff, who report the information to the woreda to verify, then regional and federal levels then verify the woreda (UNICEF and Plan also play a role in verification)

• Hygiene enters the picture from the beginning, even at CLTS triggering

Day 2: August 7. 2012

Feedback from yesterday (issues, thoughts and learning)

• Need for process monitoring so people can take corrective action when needed

• Rate of success for other countries to look more in-depth at what it takes to bring a village to ODF

• The notion of incorporating other hygiene elements into the CLTS program

• Government support structures to CLTS is important

• CLTS for pastoral areas

• Countries with low rates of ODF - different types of issues than in countries with over 50% ODF

o Do strategies change as you move along the spectrum of country wide ODF? It feels that it gets tougher as you go

• Debate on targeting subsidies after CLTS (child headed households, senior headed households, etc.)

Indonesia Presentation

Presented by Amin Robiarto, Government of Indonesia

 

• Introduced in 2006 through the TSSM (Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing) program supported by the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP, World Bank); pilot in East Java province.

• Three focus areas: demand creation at scale with CLTS (and Behaviour Change Communications) , supply improvement at scale through Sanitation Marketing, and Enabling Environment (EE) building (institutional policies and practices) for demand and supply forces to grow and sustain each other . M&E is a part of EE building

• Indonesia has 33 provinces, and over 400 districts. A typical East Java village = 1000 households; as of now 55% ODF and 40Million have access to improved sanitation and around 40 million do not have access to rural sanitation

• Use of local definition of improved and unimproved sanitation (which are compliant with Joint Monitoring Program [JMP] definitions) makes community monitoring data usable by government systems

• Paper-based monitoring system was not working as triggered villages reached into hundreds and thousands. Monitoring information reached districts once only every few months which didn't meet the government’s and the project’s needs. TSSM transitioned to a cell phone SMS –based reporting system in 2010 wherein reporting takes place monthly

• Baseline access data and progress thereafter collected for each village. Monitoring data is picked up by Health functionaries from community sanitation maps and registers maintained and updated by communities, and transferred via sms into district database gateways.

•  The designated Health workers’ cell phone numbers are registered with the district database gateway. Reporting done through text messages in a uniform format. The text messages enter the district database which automatically checks for validity and aggregates data using the software (WSP-developed) installed in district Health Office computers.

• Program performance is benchmarked and monitored across all districts using 10 indicators, such as: budget allocation for non-construction activities, number of triggered villages and number of ODF villages per year, program cost per ODF community achievement, etc.

|Question |Answer |

|Who pays for the SMS |Paid by the district government |

|SMS Reporting |Data fields separated by commas. Auto-checks for validity in the system. Baseline access data is sent |

| |at triggering, and progress, update texts are sent every month thereafter. When access numbers |

| |approach 100% households, that’s when verification is planned |

|How does the data move to the |Natural leaders and communities monitor their village situation and maintain maps and records. The |

|national level? |Sanitarian (Community Health Center worker) picks up this data and sends it by text messages to the |

| |district database. District staff relay the same to the province or national level. During 2012 a |

| |web-based national monitoring system has been established, which receives data from districts directly|

| |every month. Not all districts are able to send data yet. |

| |Workshops to build local government capacity to make the national monitoring system functional have |

| |been conducted. |

|Community level monitoring |Natural leaders and Village Sanitation Committees conduct monitoring and district staff (Sanitarian) |

| |obtains data from them for transferring to districts. |

|Media |Annual competition among districts in East Java for good governance award by the Java Post media |

| |network - sanitation program performance now included among district evaluation criteria. Java Post |

| |Media group is the one evaluating and awarding the best district annually - not government or |

| |districts themselves. |

|Transition to local government |TSSM a Cost sharing partnership from the start. Training and 9 months of a District Facilitator’s time|

|costs |paid by WSP; district governments cover the costs of sending their staff for training and all |

| |operational costs of CLTS triggering and monitoring/verification. This is also the plan for National |

| |roll-out, with the national government paying for capacity building programs, with technical |

| |assistance and guidance from WSP and other donor partners. |

|How do you deal with inflated | Built in checks in software installed in district computers to prevent this from happening (e.g. if |

|reporting |progress is lower than the baseline, a flag is raised and spot checks done to ensure information is |

| |correct). A final check is provided by the ODF verification exercise. |

| |Now, in the web-based national monitoring system. Sanitarians also have access to their data online |

| |and can check it to make sure it is correct. If they found anomaly data, then communicated to |

| |community based on social map |

|Incentives for sending SMS | For instance in Jombang district, Each Sanitarian is given $0.50 per month for sending SMS; they |

| |only need to use it once or twice to send the information per village (average they cover 6 – 10 |

| |villages), the rest of the time they use the unit for their own purposes |

Nigeria Presentation

Presented by Bisi Agberemi, UNICEF Nigeria

• The presentation focused on Reporting, Monitoring, verification and certification of CLTS implementation in the country.

• Four levels of reporting of CLTS activities are in place: Community; Local Government; State; and National. There is a well structured line of reporting of CLTS activities.

• There is simple CLTS database using Excel and reports are sent in to States and National by e-mails while hard copies of the report are sent by communities to the Local Government.

• Protocol developed and agreed to by all major stakeholders for verification and certification of ODF and Total Sanitation Community including a checklist for monitoring

• Two levels of verification are involved; First level of verification involved un-scheduled visits by Local Government WASH Units/Departments to claimed ODF communities; and the second level of verification of the claimed ODF communities is carried out by the State Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agencies. The certification of ODF communities is conducted by the State Task Group on Sanitation and for a community to be certified, the community should have sustained ODF for at least 6 months. , National Task Group on Sanitation conduct quarterly monition visits for spot-checking and validation of certified ODF communities for quality assurance.

• Some states have CLTS champions supporting advocacy and awareness creation .

|Question |Answer |

|Difference between ODF and TS (total | Total Sanitation Includes other components of sanitation such as domestic hygiene, |

|sanitation) |personal hygiene and general environmental sanitation. |

|6 month for community declaration of ODF - |For full certification as ODF, community is expected to have sustained ODF for at least 6 |

|how do you tie that with the progress that |months to ensure sustained behavioural change. There are two categories of communities; |

|you're making |WASHCOM declared ODF communities and Fully certified ODF communities. Based on monitoring |

| |reports, the relapse rate is low. The certification of ODF communities is conducted by the|

| |State. |

|Coordination between government and NGOs |There is sustained engagement of NGOs for CLTS implementation and the Society for Water |

| |and Sanitation (NEWSAN) has been sensitized on CLTS and quite a large number of NEWSAN |

| |members are involved in CLTS implementation in the country. |

|Local governments report every month - they | It is part of their work to report on ODF. |

|have to report ona lot of things. | |

|Local chiefs |Local Chief are essential for the overall success of CLTS implementation and they are |

| |engaged in all aspects of CLTS implementation at community level . The Chiefs have been |

| |very useful in local enforcement of sanctions and implementation of Community Action |

| |Plans. Sustained ODF and the path to ODF |

|Country wide Total sanitation Date. |The country has not set a target date for the achievement of Total Sanitation. |

|  |Donor support for CLTS is high. Donors have accepted CLTS as the approach for sanitation |

| |promotion in rural areas. |

Rwanda - Village Mapping

Presented by Ashish Shah

• The Rwandan government rolled out a program to distribute large bed sheets to every village community in the country. These sheets are used as permanent maps for the village, and the maps are posted in public for people to make corrections as needed; volunteers update the map regularly

• It’s an easy way to aggregate village statistics; they include 5 characteristics of poverty

• Planning for development activities is based on these maps; the Ministry of Local Government runs a process where each community can identify an issue they want to solve (based on their map) and funds are provided for them to work on this

• Department of Health and Education are both using data collected from these sheets for census.

• Democratization through market display of information is used to keep the data credible.

• The program is managed by 35,000 government trained volunteers.

India Presentations

Budni Block

Presented by Robert Chambers, IDS

• New system linked to Google Earth, data is online and used continuously to monitor progress

• Green, red, and yellow pins show on the map to see spatial distributions; you can then hover over the pins and get information on the details of the toilets and the communities

• Can be used in districts and sub-districts, can show spatial patterns, and can show progress

Online and Mobile Monitoring

Presented by Junaid Ahmed Usmani (Government of India) and Upneet Singh (WSP)

 

Government CLTS website: .in

Online Monitoring

 

• Ministry of drinking water and sanitation switched from a paper to online system for monitoring in 2002. It consists of an online database with information mapped onto a GIS map.

• National, State-wide , district-wide, block level and Gram Panchayats level data can be searched

Mobile Monitoring (by Upneet Singh, WSP)  

• Mobile data collection pilot - data collected

• Poverty status - assessed through ration card

• Access to toilet

• Toilet Usage

• Infant faeces management

• Hand washing (observe, not ask: difficult to train the trainers)

• Photo, taken with phone

o This photo is used to assure household visit are actually occurring

 

Outcomes:

• The system proved to be time and cost effective

• Data sent directly to the online system; website is updated within days

• System has also increased the efficiency of the programme

Questions:

How is verification conducted?

• 10 to 15% of data collected is not entered into the database. A supervisor is responsible for visiting those houses to collect that data. Results are compared

• Numerical ranges are auto-flagged in the system. The system will identify illogical number connections and bounce them back to the sender.

Urban Mapping – Mathare Experience

Presented by Jamie Lundine, Spatial Collective (Kenya)

• Pilot mapping of Mathare (slum in Nairobi) using GPS, with Plan Kenya and Community Cleaning Services

• GIS = computer based tool to collect and analyze spatial information

• GPS (Global Positioning System) can also have a chip included in mobile phones to get GPS coordinates

• Boundaries of Mathare were drawn based n knowledge of elders and community mobilizers

• They then collected geographic and attribute information through young people who were able to connect to a computer and type in the information; the youth digitized over the tracks to create an image of Mathare, which is now available on open street map for everyone to view online

• Maps show toilets and number of users per day for each toilet, they also show open defecation areas, sewers, sanitary bins, etc.

• Attention is drawn to this information by youths themselves through Twitter and the Mathare blog (matharevalley.)

• Maps are used for advocacy purposes (to demand better services) and for collaborating between planning for CLTS at scales and World Health Organization (WHO) water safety plans

Bangladesh Presentation

Presented by Anowar Hossain (Department of Public Health Engineering, Bangladesh) and Zillur Rahman (Plan Bangladesh)

• In nineties the progress of sanitation coverage was very poor. The sanitation coverage growth rate was merely 1% per annum. A national baseline survey conducted by the Government of Bangladesh in October 2003 which revealed that only 33% of its population was using hygienic latrines (29% in rural areas), some 25% unhygienic hanging latrines and an astounding 42% did not have any kind of latrine and were resorting to open defecation.

• These striking findings led the government to launch the National Sanitation Campaign in order to achieve a rapid progress in sanitation coverage in the country. A multi-media awareness campaign was launched in the country to increase awareness about hygiene and sanitation. Political Commitment has been a major driving force for achieving progress in sanitation sector of the country.

• The Government institutionalized interventions through forming National Sanitation Secretariat, Sanitation Task Forces from National to Grassroots level (Ward, Union, Sub-district, district) and started observing the month of “October” as sanitation month each year since 2003. And also developed different strategies and policies, sector development plan to promote sanitation.

• The Government of Bangladesh has been monitoring, verifying and following up the sanitation progress (ODF) through National Sanitation Secretariat. The Union and Ward WASTAN Committee members are responsible for situation analysis, monitoring and verification. Community groups conducted regular follow-up and monitored the progress through regular community visits and share the information with the Ward committee. Communities verify one another - this process works for learning as well.

• In line with the Government’s vision of Digital Bangladesh, a National Management Information System (MIS) for the sector has been developed based on agreed indicators and processes of proper monitoring and evaluation of sanitation situation.

• Government’s willingness to work in partnership with NGOs, development partners, civil society, media and private organizations have provided a wider platform for forming multi stakeholders partnerships that played a catalytic role and created a synergistic effect in achieving the goal of sanitation for all.

• With the initiation of the "Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Approach” in 2003 and the government declaring the national target of 100% sanitation coverage by 2010, the national sanitation campaign has been instrumental in achieving unprecedented progress in sanitation coverage.

A current assessment revealed the following gaps:

• The sanitation coverage is high when basic sanitation is considered but reduces when more stringent conditions for improved sanitation or hygienic sanitation is taken. The national basic sanitation coverage in 2009 is 80.4%. It is also observed that in improved sanitation the progress is 51.5% and in JMP standard sanitation the progress is 54.1% respectively.

• Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to the adverse effects of climate change therefore suffer from the recurrent flood, cyclone, tornado, river erosion, tidal surge, etc. The sanitation coverage figures in some of the vulnerable areas have suffered huge losses from floods and cyclones that have completely inundated latrines or washed them away. This damaged latrine data is not update on regular basis.

• Despite an increase allocation, it is estimated that there will be resource gap according to Sector Development Plan, 2011, in the sectoral investment to achieve universal coverage. On the other hand, with regard to fund utilisation, the original and revised budgets and the actual expenditure for different agencies shows that not all the available funds with the agencies are utilised; there is a $1.5M gap between in current budget and targets. The team is advocating government and donors to secure outstanding funds.

• Currently, there exists no unique format to document and report WASH progress and outcomes. Data on the national sanitation coverage are released from time to time by Local Government Division, Ministry of Local Government Rural Development & Cooperatives (LGRD&C) through the Sanitation Secretariat located in Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE). The Sanitation Secretariat mainly depends on their Upazila level staff for the collection of monthly data on sanitation coverage, who actually collects it through Local Government Institutions (LGIs). In many cases the authentic updated information is missing.

• The setting the target of national sanitation coverage was ambitious and not realistic target (achieved 100% sanitation coverage by the year 2010; present government has revised the target to 2013). Which was the political commitment and target has been set to getting the credit. The political leaders and bureaucrats did not consider the limitation and constraints, geographical proximity, socio-economic conditions, progress trend and resource allocation.

• The national sanitation campaign and reward system has been created an uneven completion among the LGIs and stakeholders. Go fast policy is the main barrier to get the authentic data. Some Union Parishad and NGO think to declare 100% sanitation coverage by any means. Field level sanitation situation and reported data are different. Competition between stakeholders resulted in inflated data regarding OD communities.

Malawi Presentation

Presented by Malawi participants 

• Malawi has formed an ODF taskforce including NGO and Government stakeholders. This group has developed an ODF strategy.

• Ministry of Water is mandated with CLTS but the Environmental Health extension staff are being utilized - requiring coordination between ministries.

• Subsidized work by some NGOs is occurring and interfering with ODF taskforce driven activities.

• Malawi is also have challenges with publicity for CLTS activities and effective utilization of natural leaders

• A sanitation marketing strategy is being developed to address: termites, unstable soil, high water tables.

• No standardized verification procedure is in place in Malawi, each district has their own methodology

• ODF criteria has been defined in the ODF Strategy document

 

Challenges at the district level:

• Resource limitations (staff, fuel, stationary)

• Supervision limitations

• Inconsistent reporting

• Inconsistent integration of CLTS into extension services program

*Extension worker grouping (called the block system) is being used to try and address these challenges.

M&E

• No national M&E system that tracks information on CLTS or even sanitation in general

• An integrated, comprehensive sanitation M&E system is in pilot stages of development, which includes CLTS information, led by the Ministry of Health

• Indicators were chosen through consultative process with various stakeholders, including NGOs working on sanitation and hygiene

• This system takes into account

Field Learning (Engineers Without Borders Canada, EWB)

• Challenges of integrating M&E systems developed for NGO programs with government system

• Biases of being an outsider trying to “help” districts improve their CLTS management, but finding out that one district has already been proactive in finding a potential solution (Block system for health extension staff)

• Importance of bringing information from the field to the national level for proper progress monitoring

• Importance of conducting research to evaluate progress of programs and reported ODF numbers which are above average (TA Mkanda CLTS study, to be found on the CLTS website)

• Importance of documentation and sharing lessons learned in order to prevent repeating mistakes made and to accelerate learning at scale

Day 3: August 8. 2012

*Field Visit to Salima District

Day 4: August 9. 2012 

Site Visit Recap

What we have learned? What are you taking back to your countries? What are your recommendations for Salima district?

*Some findings and recommendations were repeated and therefore not written down for other groups.

|Group |Findings |Recommendations |

|1 |Communities visited were well mobilized |Cross community visits |

| |Leadership on CLTS, everyone knew the role of the extension |Improve personal hygiene - personal wasn't great |

| |worker |Check water quality |

| |Local authorities were interested in CLTS |Improve slab construction using local materials - produce|

| |Volunteers willing to do the job w/out enumeration |slab using brick materials |

| |Writing slogans on the toilets - wash hand reminder on toilets|Erect public signs on main roads to inform people they |

| |Ash used in lieu of soap due to cost |are ODF |

| |Tip-tap system was new for some |Explore options of cooperative for slab construction |

| |Hand washing facilities low to the ground so children have |Formal certification of ODF status is needed |

| |access |Invest in local brick makers to see if they can use local|

| | |materials to determine a way for people to construct |

| | |sustainable latrines. |

|2 |Active women's participation |Cylindrical latrines should be constructed instead of |

| |Reduction of diarrhea due to ODF |square - resist collapsing |

| |Local health centre |Many are not convinced that ash is an effective |

| |Many households had latrines before CLTS |alternative to soap |

| |Clay was used to make latines impermeable floors - not cement |Livelihood interventions are needed |

| |Volunteers club created to assist poor and vulnerable to |Some latrines haven't collapsed in many years, |

| |construct latrines |information exchange between community members needed |

| |Health cards were promoted by the community, indicating who | |

| |had a latrines for reference when cholera came about | |

| | | |

|3 |Presence of HSAs assigned a manageable amount of villages - |Promote intercommunity transfer of innovations |

| |smaller number |Promote inter-community spread of CLTS messaging |

| |Communities in control of their own village which they pass on|Begin with a sanitation marketing campaign |

| |the the extension workers | |

| |Regular interaction with villages through regular services | |

|4 |Different hand washing techniques |Government structures should be developed for all |

| |Use of Moringa leaves for impermeable floors |activities in CLTS |

| | |Construction of latrines in communities for passers by |

| | |Post triggering follow ups |

| | |Support extension workers in a way that keeps them from |

| | |resorting to teaching about infrastructure |

| | |Model Village system can limit the ambition of model |

| | |villages. They will get fatigued and it can limit |

| | |learning |

| | | |

|5 |Malawi has well structured service integration |Develop communications strategy that addressed gap in |

| |Community integration with activities |hygiene practices among community members |

| |Local and appropriate technologies |Provide support and communicate ways of addressing |

| |Observed community support for vulnerable groups |termite degradation of latrines |

| |Use of local leaders |Begin thinking about how to address OD in the grazing |

| |Gap on personal hygiene |fields |

| |Communities expectation of something from government | |

| |Some OD in grazing sites | |

Nepal Presentation

Presented by Nabin Pradhan

CLTS, SLTS, SRLF (sanitation revolving loan fund), CLTBCHS (community led total behaviour change in hygiene and sanitation) are being conducted in Nepal.

• Sanitation is divided into two phases - ODF and post-ODF

• There is competition among communities - all want to the be the first to be declared as ODF

o Some unhealthy competition has resulted due to targeted subsidy and rewards

o Some hindrances to CLTS has resulted due to targeted subsidy by government and other organizations

• Government led WASH Coordination Committees Regional and District levels have been very effective at monitoring, verifying and certifying ODF

o Self monitoring by communities

o Village Development Committee (VDC) level WASH Coordination Committees (VWASHCCs) for ODF monitoring of villages

o Joint monitoring by District level WASH Coordination Committees (DWASHCCs)

o VDC level ODF verification and certification done by DWASHCC

o VWASHCC and DWASHCC are government led coordination committees with members from stakeholders

o Institutional set-up; the government led WASH coordination committees at national, regional, district and village (VDC) level has been effective in ODF monitoring, verification and certification

• Sanitation Identity Cards

o Every person building and using toilet are provided with Identity Card

o The local government offices at VDC level ask for Sanitation Identity Card from the people coming to the offices for accomplishing their works

o Some schools give a bonus mark to students who have and use toilets

o Some schools ask for the Sanitation Identity Card from parents for school enrolment of their children

 

Questions

• How are you harmonizing CLTS and SLTS

o SLTS is funded and implemented by Unicef, Government and NGOs. SLTS has been developed by Unicef two years after CLTS was adopted in Nepal. All tools are the same - though SLTS has targeted subsidy in different forms for household toilet construction. There isn't disharmony between CLTS and SLTS, but there isn't really good harmony either. Many organizations are following both approaches

• What do you do about schools that do not have adequate sanitation facilities

o School WASH program implemented by the government, Plan Nepal, Unicef and other organizations has a component of school toilet and hygiene facilities promotions. All schools must have toilets in order for the communities to be declared ODF.

• Difference between verification and certification process

o Communities are verified by local government level. Villages/clusters are verified and certified for ODF by VWASHCC

o The higher level conducts certification. VDC level ODF is certified by DWASHCC. District level ODF is certified by regional WASH coordination committees (RWASHCCs)

o There is no third party certification - there is a team of key stakeholders to jointly monitor the process i.e. by VWASHCCs, DWASHCCs and RWASHCCs

• VDC level VWASHCC is led by government with chair as VDC chairperson, VDC Secretary as member secretary and members from NGOs, CBOs, Health Posts, Women groups, water and sanitation user’s groups, forest user’s groups, other user’s groups, development agencies, saving & credit groups, cooperatives, child clubs, female community health volunteers, head masters, principals, teachers, school management committees, parent teacher association, local networks etc.

• District level DWASHCC is led by the government with chair as District development Committee chairperson, chief of Water Supply and Sanitation Divisional Office as member secretary and Local Development Officer as member and members from government agencies, donors, municipalities, INGOs, UN agencies, development partners, federation of chamber of commerce and industry, federation forest user groups, federation of water and sanitation users, federation of district development committee, federation of municipalities and VDCs, federation of community and private schools etc.

• Does the card system oppose the mandate for all students having access to education

o Cards are distributed by local government but don’t deny rights of children to education. The children are not denied from school enrolment even their family don’t possess the card. It is just to create pressure and awareness to get the card by building toilet and use it. It provides an opportunity for people to speak about it.

• ODF Indicators

o No open defecation

o Improved toilet in every household and used by all, and kept clean and maintained

o Toilet in all public institutions

Ghana Presentation

Presented by Ghanaian Participants

Began pilot in 2007 - scale up after evaluation in 2010

Managed by ministry of local government and rural development

• CLTS frontline staff - environmental health assistants (EHAs) - part of their routine activities and part of annual performance assessment being implemented in Central Region.

• CLTS focal person at each level of government (area council, district, regional, and national)

• districts and NGOs working in various communities are asked to come up with the names of communities that are ODF for verification and award at the World Toilet Day

o Verification occurs by district

o Regional spot check

o National spot check

• Awards given to communities are - certificates and some sanitary tools (e.g. shovels, wheelbarrows, rakes, etc.)

• Admittance of awarded communities into the National ODF League – a community’s ability to stay in the league for about five years could lead to an award –yet to be determined s

• innovations Results-based financing for NGOs where they are paid money due them based on performance on the target set in the contracting documents

o Output based performance for government field staff (don't know the awards system yet to be determined )

 

Questions:

How do you manage the practice of communal latrines?

• Not counted as part of CLTS. most communities have a communal latrine.

Is your collection process paper-based?

• Paper-based and excel right now. System being developed.

What was the process to get to performance-based financing?

• All organizations working in the WASH sector were brought to a round table ( by the mother organization called CONIWAS ) met with the Government led sanitation agency :Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development and agree to doCLTS among the NGOs .

• If you don't follow this way you are kicked out of the group and can't operate in Ghana because it is a national strategy to go by CLTS and no other approach

• Environmental health assist ants working in districts where USAID funded GhanaWASH programme is being implemented have been told not to work with the because the are implementing subsidy which is against the national strategy of CLTS

• There is an established dialogue forum at the Regional Level for those like USAID and other NGOs who prepare the Project proposal before the Policy shift to seek clearance from the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development on any variation/modification they want to make from the Original CLTS approach.

Is there a roadmap to your target? How are you monitoring?

Is the reporting regular? Forms, incentives?

• Monthly reporting is happening. Simplicity. Everyone who doesn't provide a report, they are given a call by their manager.

What happens to extension workers who have not achieved their targets?

You don't get promoted,

How long does it take to conclude certification process? It is between August, September, and November 19th every year

• ? (not recorded)

Shared mandates between different departments and players - who takes leadership on sanitation? Lead for leadership on Sanitation is the Ministry of local government and rural development

• Working group has been formed called the national technical working group on sanitation (NTWGS).. Roles and responsibilities issues are discussed here.

Northern region achieved ODF by 2012?

• Though the Northern Regional Minister was loud, and sounded politically committed, the GoG and Unicef has provided some support for the implementation of activities aimed at declaring the Region ODF. ,

• We have assigned a group of journalists to ask questions related to WASH promised by politicians during the next electioneering campaign

Zambia Presentation

• 65 rural districts - 13 million - 2007 - ministry of local government at centre of CLTS program

 

CLTS quality management

• 6 national level coaches - to ensure quality of triggering at every level

• National training teams (24 members) From various ministries, identified as having CLTS DNA

o Coordinated by one person at government level

o Coordinator relieves national training team members from other duties

• Train at the regional level (30)

• Train at the district level (330)

• Chiefdom level (880)

• New ministry has formed - ministry of chiefs and traditional affairs

• DFID has provided 20million pounds to CLTS

• Verification

o Community claims themselves

o District team reports to local authority

o Council resolution to confirm the community is ODF

o NGO will do a verification

• Challenges

o Reporting - takes a long time

o Quality of latrines - crypt like

• Fixed-point open defecation

 

Is there a component of sanitation marketing?

• Sanitation marketing is one of the activities under this program. CLTS has generated the demand. Right now they're waiting. Still interviewing consultants

Re: quality of trainers - established guidelines? How much time should officers provide to ODF?

• Full time.

Clarify Brian's positions, who is he working for?

• Ministry for Housing - Sr. Public Health officer. 8 components (coordinate sanitation and hygiene with all players).

What type of training for those at the local level?

• Entire CLTS package and support of local chiefs, tell them their role

Uganda Presentation

Presented by Harriet Nataba, WSP

• Measures Access to hand washing, school sanitation, access to toilets

• Goal is to have 77% to access to toilets by 2015

• Sector has 10 golden indicators; points based system for assessing how districts are performing in the sector. Strategy is to move points for CLTS up the scale.

• Health assistants send information up and SMS are sent out every day reminding extension staff to pass along their reports. Staff have even started sending info on weekends.

• These funders measure the government performance - trigger to the amount of money they'll give to government

• CLTS is now a precondition.

• Number of trained staff is a barrier. Districts are verifying ODF status of their villages through a national verification committee - NGOs staff are currently not verifying.

Questions

What is the level of verification done at district level or at lower levels?

• Verification carried out at district level. Looking to standardize.

You mentioned CLTS and other approaches - what are the other approaches?

• Home improvement approach campaigns. Health talks about sanitation and heigyne. Develop community action plan

• Community driven development - money earmarked for communities to do what they want (their own development projects.; to access this, you must have reached a certain level of latrine coverage)

• Model villages - concentrate on them and other communities learn fr0m them

Day 5: August 10. 2012

Four Minute Presentations

Zambia - CLTS in colleges, universities and schools

 

Zambia is incorporating CLTS teaching in the education programs for extension service agents. Several students have been taken into the field. 3000 extension workers are trained over the course of the year - the team has managed to integrate CLTS in the last two weeks at several schools. Curriculum materials are under development.

Another initiative on creating a CLTS Management Curriculum is in progress in Kenya.

 

Angola - Rural Innovation

A clay dome, reminiscent of traditional cooking ovens has been piloted in Angola. The structure is easy to finance (relying on local bricks and mud mortar) and very strong. (please contact Edson Baptista from Angola for more details).

 

South Sudan - Cultural Barriers to ODF

Due to relief efforts there is a strong culture of relief/subsidization in South Sudan. Also, shit is a wealth indicator in some communities and it is also believed that only witches 'house' their shit. The first ODF verifications are taking place in villages that previously believed only witches house their shit.

 

Comment: To apply for funding, NGOs need to ensure that their project costs are over 25% of what they spend. This leads to a significant challenge when trying to run a program that does not involve subsidizations/ implementation.

  

Plan International USA – Testing CLTS Approaches for Scalability Research and

A research entitled “Testing CLTS Approaches for Scalability” is in progress. This research aims at improving the CLTS cost effeteness, scalability and sustainability by addressing some common CLTS implementation at large scale challenges. The research will collect, critically evaluate, and will disseminate the practical lessons learned about overcoming the implementation challenges, from the pilot interventions in Kenya, Ghana, and Ethiopia.

In line with the CLTS approach, the proposed project applies community-led solutions to address both demand for and supply of sanitation, to help communities eliminate the open defecation.

Zambia - Involving Traditional Leadership

Zambia has:

1. Established a Ministry of Chiefs and Village Affairs

1. Adopted CLTS approach into government policy

1. Recognized chiefs championing and supporting CLTS

a. All the chiefs are talking about sanitation in both urban and rural areas

 

There is parliamentary support of CLTS in Zambia

• A lot of advocacy has been occurring re: sanitation

• For the first time ever, the Ministry of Finance has committed all money to sanitation and none to water point work (drilling)

 

Aside: Zambian research project

Veterinarians are conducting research on pigs. Pigs have many cysts in the region. A study to see if reduction of OD through CLTS will result in less cysts in the pigs. This is particularly of interest because of a work the pigs also have which also infects humans and causes epilepsy.

 

Ghana - Hand washing

There is a gap between awareness and practice when it comes to hand washing in Ghana - this attitude needs to be addressed. They are looking for ideas from other countries on innovative ways to promote hand washing to fill the gab between HW knowledge and practice .

• Uganda has volunteer hand washing ambassadors - continued communication (seeing more success than utilization of media)

• Angola has volunteers that follow-up and go door to door in homes

• In Kenya they have a package solution and a Sopo champion; they also focus on changing people’s attitudes

 

UK - Faecally-Transmitted Infections (FTIs)

Sanitation focus to date has been on cholera. FTIs are resulting in huge nutrition challenges and can be addressed through CLTS.

o Gardia

o Amoebiasis

o Ascaris

o Hookworm

o Tapeworms

o Hepatitis

o Typhoid

o Polio

o Liver fluke

o Schisto/Bilharzia

o Epilepsy

o Environmental Enteropathy - major concern

Other FTIs cause much more undernutrition than diarrhea, but although the impact is much greater it often goes unnoticed. UNICEF in Zambia is trying to link food nutrition with water and sanitation.

GPS Map of Salima villages - Demonstration

Jamie from Spatial Collective took GPS coordinates of the villages she visited in Salima district to start a map of the toilets and environment. She showed the steps needed from collecting the coordinates to adding the information to a map.

WPS - sequencing of CLTS and Sanitation Marketing Interventions

WPS tried to combine CLTS and sanitation marketing in three countries between 2007 to 2010.

• Knew at launch in East Java how to do CLTS and geared up to go to scale; didn't know how to do sanitation marketing

• Started running sanitation - recruiting sanitation marketing agency. Became clear it wasn't going to happen at the same time

o Studies needed to occur to inform the marketing strategy. This took two years:

• What do the poor consumers want? What are the features they are looking for? What are the markets providing? What are they willing to pay? What are the gaps?

• Marketing strategy; what products? what prices? what payment options? who delivers these options? where will they be delivered? how do we promote?

o Trained masons while the marketing was happening. These masons though left their areas for urban aras.

• Lesson Learned: Simple communication aid in the hands of the community level informers to reach local, low capacity masons worked better than 5 day masonry training programs.

 

Key Message: Start market research right away. Have the supply side ready to respond to demand driven by CLTS. Invest in market research and don't rush to go to scale. The market needs to be ready to respond quickly to the demand you are creating.

 

Eretria - Increasing Political Will

Approaches in Eretria were originally subsidized. ODF was piloted in one village and a documentary was created. This documentary was used in an advocacy workshop with health ministry officials to convince them of the value of the CLTS program.

o Major players in the ministry of health are invited to ODF celebrations

o Media documents ODF successes and sends stories to national media outlets - raising awareness

Group Work & Messages for Government

Based on the learning and sharing of experiences over the first few days of the workshop, thematic groups were formed to discuss key issues that surfaced and provide recommendations for other practitioners. Please see the outputs document for details.

Participants agreed that here is a need to act as advocates in our own organizations as well as with other government and NGO stakeholders. Below are each group’s key messages for government.

 

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

1. Develop policy for knowledge management

2. Strengthen interest in ICT systems

1. Increase funds for research in CLTS

1. Foster culture of learning and its application

2. Encourage knowledge management/sharing among partners

3. Set up systems for continuous communication and feedback

 

VERIFICATION

1. Encourage government to adopt CLTS

2. Allocate funds for CLTS

3. Integrate CLTS into other programs

4. Identify mechanisms for credible CLTS verifications

5. Harmonize certification and verification processes at the country level

 

M&E

1. Harmonize definitions of key concepts

2. Harmonize country specific definitions

1. Foster transparent monitoring at all levels

1. Monitor sanitation marketing

2. Standardize guidelines for post-ODF tracking

 

ICT - Information Communication Technology

1. If well managed, ICT programs can lead to time, cost and quality benefits

2. Technology = 10% of the solution; the remaining 90% is policies and procedures that support it

3. Keep it simple. Consider capacity and scaling when determining/designing a system

4. Identify needs and limitations first, then design the system

 

M&E INFRASTRUCTURE (systems)

1. Monitor inputs, processes and outputs - not just outputs

1. Foster 2-way feedback

1. Integrate M+E for CLTS into existing system(s)

1. Involve the media

1. Include CLTS in public speeches

 

TARGETS/REPORTING/REALISM/REFLECTION/LEARNING

1. Establish a specific focal person for CLTS @ all levels

2. Ensure those who collect data understand the process and importance

3. Link rewards to a good, independent verification system

1. Include resource mobilization as part of the plan, especially government resources

2. Formalize learning/review meetings @ all levels

 

Appendix A: List of Participants

|  |First name |Surname |Country |Organisation |Email |

|1 |Jamie |Lundine |Kenya |Spatial Collective Ltd |jamie.lundine@; |

| | | | | |jamie@ |

|2 |Muchie |Kidanu |Ethiopia |UNICEF |mkidanu@ |

|3 |Sue |Cavill |UK |WaterAid - SHARE |suecavill@; |

| | | | | |suecavill@ |

|4 |Jolly Ann |Maulit |Malawi |Independent |jollyannmaulit@ |

|5 |Wiscot |Mwanza |Zambia |Plan Zambia |wiscot.mwanza@plan- |

|6 |Kweku |Tsekpetse-Akuamoah |Ghana |MLGRD/Environmental Health|tsekpetsetony@; |

| | | | |and Sanitation Directorate|ktakuamoah@.gh |

|7 |Mulugeta W. |Balecha |USA |Plan International USA |Mulugeta.Balecha@ |

|8 |Chimwemwe |Nyimba |Malawi |UNICEF |cnyimba@ |

|9 |Paul |Kwasi Nutsugah |Ghana |Central Regional |pnutsugah@ |

| | | | |Environmental Health | |

| | | | |Office | |

|10 |Chimwemwe D.F |Jella |Malawi |Environmental Health |chimwaje@ |

| | | | |Officer, Ministry of | |

| | | | |Health | |

|11 |Noel |Khunga |Malawi |Environmental Health |noelkhunga@ |

| | | | |Officer, Salima District | |

| | | | |Health Office | |

|12 |Mary |Namwebe |Uganda |Plan Uganda |Mary.Namwebe@plan- |

|13 |Michael |Kennedy |Malawi |Engineers Without Borders |michaelkennedy@ewb.ca |

|14 |Ann |Thomas |  |UNICEF East and Southern |anthomas@ |

| | | | |Africa | |

|15 |Mr. |Mpasa |Malawi |Director of Sanitation, |mgmpasa@ |

| | | | |Ministry of Agriculture, | |

| | | | |Irrigation and Water | |

| | | | |Development | |

|16 |Nila |Mukherjee |India |Independent |bubul44@ |

|17 |Philip |Otieno |South Sudan |UNICEF |pvotieno@; pvotieno@ |

|18 |Ulemu |Chiluzi |Malawi |Plan International |Ulemu.Chiluzi@plan-; |

|19 |Tambuzgani |Mziska |Malawi |Plan International |Tambuzgani.Msiska@plan- |

|20 |Upneet |Singh |India |Water and Sanitation |usingh@ |

| | | | |Program - South Asia | |

|21 |Francis |Kage |Kenya |KWAHO |f.kage@ |

|22 |Petra |Bongartz |UK |IDS |p.bongartz@ids.ac.uk |

|23 |Robert |Chambers |UK |IDS |r.chambers@ids.ac.uk |

|24 |Nabin |Pradhan |Nepal |Plan Nepal |nabin.pradhan@plan- |

|25 |David |Omollo Owuor |Kenya |Plan Kenya |david.owuor@plan- |

|26 |Blessius T. |Tauzie |Malawi |UNICEF |btauzie@ |

|27 |Bisi |Agberemi |Nigeria |UNICEF |bagberemi@ |

|28 |Amin |Robiarto |Indonesia |WSP |arobiarto@ |

|29 |Heri |Wibowo |Indonesia |Ministry of Health |Heriwibowo16@yahoo.co.id |

|30 |Leonard |Mukosha |Zambia |CLTS National Coordinator |leomukosha@ |

|31 |Jorge |Pires |Angola |UNICEF WASH Specialist |jpires@ |

|32 |Edson |Baptista |Angola |Technical Coordinator and |edibap2003@ |

| | | | |Section of Water and | |

| | | | |Sanitation Sponsor, Angola| |

| | | | |Government – DPEA | |

| | | | |(Provincial Directorate | |

| | | | |for Energy and Water) | |

|33 |Simon |Cohen |Angola |People in Need |simon.cohen@peopleinneed.cz |

|34 |Michael |Musenga |Zambia |PUBLIC HEALTH PROSECUTOR |mmusenga@ |

| | | | |and CLTS NATIONAL LEGAL | |

| | | | |ADVISOR, Zambia | |

|35 |Francis |Mtitu |Tanzania |Water and Sanitation |Francis.Mtitu@plan- |

| | | | |Advisor Plan Tanzania | |

|36 |Yared |Tadesse |Ethiopia |Ministry of Health |yarkhz@ |

|37 |Zillur |Rahman |Bangladesh |Plan Bangladesh |Zillur.Rahman@plan- |

|38 |Harriet |Nattabi |Uganda |WSP Uganda |hnattabi@ |

|39 |Junaid Ahmed |Usmani |India |Consultant-Monitoring and |ddws_consmande@nic.in |

| | | | |Evaluation, | |

| | | | |Ministry of Drinking Water| |

| | | | |& Sanitation, GoI | |

|40 |Yirgalem |Solomon |Eritrea |UNICEF |yisolomon@ |

|41 |Fanuel |Nyaboro |Kenya |SNV |fnyaboro@ |

|42 |Charity |Sikamo |Zambia |UNICEF |csikamo@ |

|43 |David |Ibuyat |Uganda |Ministry of Health |dibuyat@yahoo.co.uk |

|44 |Brian |Siakabeya |Zambia |Ministry of Local |bsiakabeya@ |

| | | | |Government and Housing | |

|45 |Mohammedomer |Salih |Eritrea |Ministry of Health, CLTS |yisolomon@ |

| | | | |coordinator | |

|46 |Md. Anowar |Hossain |Bangladesh |National Project Director |engr.anowarhossain@ |

| | | | |and Superintendant | |

| | | | |Engineer of Department of | |

| | | | |Public Health Engineering | |

|47 |Ibrahim |Basweti Nyasani |Kenya |Project Management Unit - |nyasanib@ |

| | | | |UNICEF Kenya WASH | |

| | | | |Programme, (MOPHS focal | |

| | | | |point for CLTS) | |

|48 |Janet |Mukule Agalo |Kenya |Coordinator of CLTS Hub, |mulejanet@ |

| | | | |MOPHS | |

|49 |Fred |Donde |Kenya |WASH Specialist, UNICEF |fdonde@ |

|50 |Dan |Kapatuka |Malawi |Plan |Dan.Kapatuka@plan- |

|51 |Ambrose |Fwamba |Kenya |District Public Health |dpho_busia@ |

| | | | |Officer from Busia County | |

 

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