PART THREE - Doral Academy Preparatory School
Part THREE THE GROWTH OF VERNACULAR TRADITIONS
8 The Rise of Popular Culture
Chapter Overview
As American composers of art music emulated venerable European traditions, and as classical music became more complex and dissonant, American vernacular music developed characteristic American traits. The 1890s witnessed two phenomenal movements in American music: the rise of ragtime and the domination of the popular music industry by Tin Pan Alley. Barbershop quartets and choruses entertained participants and audiences alike. But by the end of World War II, popular taste changed, and Tin Pan Alley’s influence on popular music declined.
Listening Examples
29. John Philip Sousa: “The Stars and Stripes Forever”
30. Scott Joplin: “Maple Leaf Rag”
31. George M. Cohan: “Rose” (“A Ring to the Name of Rose”)
32. Irving Berlin: “Alexander’s Ragtime Band”
33. Cole Porter: “Night and Day”
Suggestions for Further Listening
Recordings of Tin Pan Alley songs performed by Joan Morris and William Bolcom, Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Billie Holiday, or Ella Fitzgerald.
Suggestion for Viewing
De-Lovely, 2004 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film on the life of Cole Porter.
Terms to Review
strain
trio
break
ragtime
chromaticism
cakewalk
finale
piano roll
player piano
two-step or fox-trot
Tin Pan Alley
song plugger
verse-chorus form
barbershop style
modulate
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP)
Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI)
Key Figures
John Philip Sousa
Eubie Blake
James Scott
Jelly Roll Morton
Scott Joplin
James Reese Europe
Irving Berlin
Jerome Kern
Cole Porter
Fred Astaire
George Gershwin
Visuals
John Philip Sousa on a sheet music cover
Scott Joplin commemorative stamp
Couple enjoying Tin Pan Alley songs on piano rolls
Sammy Cahn
Irving Berlin
Cole Porter
George Gershwin
Critical Thinking
Do you think that Scott Joplin improved or damaged ragtime by turning it from an improvised style to a written piano music?
Discuss the reasons for the rise, and then the decline, of Tin Pan Alley.
How do ASCAP and BMI affect the popular music consumer today?
Further Topics for Essay or Discussion
1. Why was American vernacular music able to express characteristics of the culture that produced it before art music achieved an American sound?
2. Discuss the manner in which white and black cultures contributed to the development of ragtime.
3. Point out significant similarities between rags and marches. In what ways do they differ?
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