As questões de 1 a 7 referem-se ao texto a seguir

[Pages:6]As quest?es de 1 a 7 referem-se ao texto a seguir:

1 Brazil's business Belindia ? Why the country produces fewer world-class companies than it should

2

3

BRAZILIANS make up almost 3% of the planet's population and produce about 3% of its output. Yet of the firms in

4 Fortune magazine's 2014 "Global 500" ranking of the biggest companies by revenue only seven, or 1.4%, were from

5 Brazil, down from eight in 2013. And on Forbes's list of the 2,000 most highly valued firms worldwide just 25, or 1.3%,

6 were Brazilian. The country's biggest corporate "star", Petrobras, is mired in scandals, its debt downgraded to junk status.

7 In 1974 Edmar Bacha, an economist, described its economy as "Belindia", a Belgium-sized island of prosperity in a sea of

8 India-like poverty. Since then Brazil has done far better than India in alleviating poverty, but in business terms it still has a

9 Belindia problem: a handful of world-class enterprises in a sea of poorly run ones.

10

Brazilian businesses face a litany of obstacles: bureaucracy, complex tax rules, shoddy infrastructure and a

11 shortage of skilled workers--to say nothing of a stagnant economy. But a big reason for Brazilian firms'

12 underperformance is less well rehearsed: poor management. Since 2004 John van Reenen of the London School of

13 Economics and his colleagues have surveyed 11,300 midsized firms in 34 countries, grading them on a five-point scale

14 based on how well they monitor their operations, set targets and reward performance. Brazilian firms' average score, at

15 2.7, is similar to that of China's and a bit above that of India's. But Brazil ranks below Chile (2.8) and Mexico (2.9);

16 America leads the pack with 3.3. The best Brazilian firms score as well as the best American ones, but its long tail of

17 badly run ones is fatter.

18

Part of the explanation is that medium and large firms tend to be better-organised than small ones, and not only

19 because well-run ones are likelier to grow. Brazil offers incentives aplenty to stay bitty, such as preferential tax treatment

20 for firms with a turnover of no more than 3.6m reais ($1.3m). As they expand, many firms split rather than face increased

21 scrutiny from the taxman. According to the World Bank, a midsized Brazilian firm spends 2,600 hours filing taxes each

22 year. In Mexico, it is 330 hours.

23

Ownership patterns play a part too. Many Brazilian concerns are controlled by an individual shareholder, or one or

24 two families. Two-thirds of those with sales of more than $1 billion a year are family-owned, notes Heinz-Peter Elstrodt of

25 McKinsey, a consulting firm. That is less than in Mexico (96%) or South Korea (84%) but more than in America or Europe.

26 Mr Van Reenen's research shows that where family owners plump for outside chief executives, their firms do no worse

27 than similarly sized ones with more diverse shareholders. But all too often they pick kin over professional managers--and

28 performance suffers. This is particularly true in "low-trust" societies like Brazil, where bosses hire relatives instead of

29 better-qualified strangers to avoid being robbed or sued for falling foul of overly worker-friendly labour laws.

30

Decades of economic turmoil--which ended when hyperinflation was vanquished in 1994--meant that companies

31 were managed from crisis to crisis. This forced Brazilian firms to be nimble. But it also encouraged short-termism, which

32 management consultants and academics finger as Brazilian managers' number-one sin. Faced with a record drought in

33 2014, and a subsequent spike in energy prices in a hydropower-dependent country, Usiminas, a steelmaker, stopped

34 smelting and started selling power it had bought on cheap long-term contracts. Energy sales made up most of its

35 operating profits that year. Such short-term stunts are hardly the path to long-term greatness.

36

Worse, crisis management all too often consists of going cap in hand to the government. Brazilian bosses continue

37 to waste hours in meetings with politicians that could be better spent improving their businesses. In January 2014, as

38 vehicle sales flagged, the automotive industry's reflex reaction was to descend on the capital, Bras?lia, and demand an

39 extension of its costly tax breaks. Thanks to lifelines cast by the state, feeble firms stay afloat rather than sink and make

40 room for more agile competitors. Shielded from competition by tariffs, subsidies and local-content rules, they have little

41 reason to innovate. A locally invented gizmo which lets cars run on both petrol and biodiesel is nifty. But, asks Marcos

42 Lisboa of Insper, a business school, does that really justify six decades of public support for the motor industry?

43

44 The dead hand of government

45

46

Indeed, a glance at the "Belgian" end of Brazil's corporate landscape suggests that successful firms cluster in

47 sectors the state has not tried desperately to help, such as retail or finance. Bradesco, a big lender, is internationally

48 praised as a pioneer of automated banking. Each month Arezzo creates 1,000 new models of women's shoes, and picks

49 170-odd to sell in its shops.

50

Brazil's other world-beaters are in industries like agriculture and aerospace, which are free to compete at home

51 and abroad, and in which the government sticks to its proper role. In 1990 farms were allowed to consolidate and to buy

52 foreign machines, pesticides and fertiliser. Efforts by Brazil's trade negotiators opened up export markets. JBS, a meat

53 giant, can slaughter 100,000 head of cattle a day, selling more beef than any rival worldwide. Thanks in part to Embrapa,

54 the national agriculture-research agency, Brazilian farms have been raising productivity by about 4% a year for two

55 decades. Similarly, a supply of skilled engineers and know-how from the government's Technological Institute of

56 Aeronautics has helped turn Embraer, privatised in 1994, into one of the world's most successful aircraft-makers.

57

The success of businesses such as these offers a lesson for the state. The best way to make Brazil's

58 underperforming firms more competitive would be to make them compete more. Coddling by the state can be more a

59 curse than a blessing. Ronald Reagan's dictum that the nine most terrifying words in the English language are, "I'm from

60 the government and I'm here to help," translates well into Flemish, Hindi and Brazilian Portuguese.

By Schumpeter. In: The Economist. Feb 28th,2015.

Quest?o 1. Marque a op??o cujo assunto n?o ? mencionado no texto.

A ( ) Empresas familiares D ( ) Encargos financeiros

B ( ) M?o-de-obra qualificada E ( ) Bolsa de valores

C ( ) Incentivos fiscais

Quest?o 2. De acordo com o texto,

A( ) B( ) C( ) D( ) E( )

devido ? crise financeira, as ind?strias t?xtil e agr?cola deixaram de fazer parte das empresas brasileiras mais bem sucedidas no cen?rio mundial. "Belindia" ? o termo usado pelo economista Edmar Bacha para comparar a produtividade empresarial do Brasil com a da B?lgica e a da ?ndia. a pesquisa de Van Reenen diz que empresas familiares brasileiras s?o prejudicadas por escolher parentes ao inv?s de profissionais mais qualificados como gestores. reuni?es entre empres?rios brasileiros e pol?ticos contribuem para a inova??o automotiva e a redu??o dos impostos. as revistas Fortune e Forbes revelam ascens?o das empresas brasileiras no ranking mundial de 2013 para 2014.

Quest?o 3. Marque a op??o em que a(s) v?rgula(s) sublinhada(s) n?o demarca(m) um termo ou express?o explicativa.

A( ) B( ) C( )

D( )

E( )

In 1974 Edmar Bacha, an economist, described its economy as "Belindia"... (linha 7)

Brazilian businesses face a litany of obstacles: bureaucracy, complex tax rules, shoddy

infrastructure... (linha 10) Two-thirds of those with sales of more than $1 billion a year are family-owned, notes Heinz-Peter

Elstrodt of McKinsey, a consulting firm... (linhas 24/25) ... and a subsequent spike in energy prices in a hydropower-dependent country, Usiminas, a steelmaker, stopped... (linha 33) ... the automotive industry?s reflex reactions was to descend on the capital, Bras?lia, and demand an

extension... (linhas 38/39)

Quest?o 4. Os termos sublinhados nas ora??es abaixo podem ser substitu?dos, respectivamente, sem que haja preju?zo do sentido, por:

I. Ownership patterns play a part too (linha 23) as well. II. Decades of economic turmoil... (linha 30) growth. III. Brazilian bosses continue to waste hours in meetings with politicians...(linhas 36/37) findings. IV. In January 2014, as vehicle sales flagged... (linha 37/38) dropped.

Est?o corretas

A ( ) apenas I e II. D ( ) apenas II e IV.

B ( ) apenas I e III. E ( ) apenas III e IV.

C ( ) apenas I e IV.

Quest?o 5. Marque, dentre as frases extra?das do texto, aquela que expressa o posicionamento do autor com rela??o ao papel do governo na gest?o de empresas brasileiras.

A( ) B( ) C( )

D( ) E( )

Brazilian businesses face a litany of obstacles. (linha 10) The best Brazilian firms score as well as the best American ones. (linha 16) Many Brazilian concerns are controlled by an individual shareholder or one or two families. (linhas 23/24) Such short-term stunts are hardly the path to long-term greatness. (linha 35) Coddling by the state can be more a curse than a blessing. (linhas 58/59)

Quest?o 6. O texto apresenta como modelos de gest?o bem sucedida e independente de aux?lio do governo as empresas

A ( ) Bradesco e Arezzo. D ( ) Petrobr?s e JBS.

B ( ) Embraer e Petrobras. E ( ) JBS e Usiminas.

C ( ) Arezzo e Embrapa.

Quest?o 7. Considere as seguintes afirmativas:

I. Em "This forced Brazilian firms to be nimble. But it also encouraged short-termism, which management consultants..." (linhas 31/32), os pronomes sublinhados possuem o mesmo referente.

II. Em "The best Brazilian firms score as well as the best American ones..." (linha 16) e em "Brazil offers incentives aplenty to stay bitty, such as preferential tax treatment..." (linha 19) os termos sublinhados t?m o mesmo sentido.

III. Em "This is particularly true in "low-trust" societies like Brazil..." (linha 28) e em "Bradesco, a big lender, is internationally praised as a pioneer..." (linhas 47/48) os termos sublinhados t?m o mesmo sentido.

IV. Em "...which ended when hyperinflation was vanquished in 1994" (linha 30) e em "...the automotive industry's reflex reaction was to descend on the capital..." (linha 38), as formas verbais sublinhadas est?o na voz passiva.

Est?(?o) correta(s)

A ( ) apenas I e III. D ( ) apenas III e IV.

B ( ) apenas II e III. E ( ) apenas a IV.

C ( ) apenas III.

As quest?es de 8 a 10 referem-se ? figura a seguir:

Adaptado de: 9.types-of-intelligence. (acesso:13/8/2015)

Quest?o 8. Os tipos de intelig?ncia que se associam ?s defini??es I , II , III e IV da figura s?o, respectivamente:

A( ) B( ) C( ) D( ) E( )

I inter-personal inter-personal intra-personal intra-personal existential

II existential linguistic linguistic inter-personal linguistic

III intra-personal intra-personal inter-personal existential inter-personal

IV linguistic existential existential linguistic intra-personal

Quest?o 9. De acordo com a descri??o dos tipos de intelig?ncia apresentados na figura,

A( )

B( ) C( )

D( )

E( )

pessoas capazes de visualizar objetos mentalmente de v?rios ?ngulos s?o dotadas de intelig?ncia espacial. pessoas dotadas de intelig?ncia l?gico-matem?tica s?o capazes de comprovar teoremas complexos. pessoas preocupadas com o equil?brio entre mente e corpo e com a boa postura corporal s?o dotadas de intelig?ncia corporal-cinest?sica. pessoas dotadas de intelig?ncia musical conseguem identificar ritmos e notas musicais e tocam qualquer instrumento. pessoas dotadas de intelig?ncia naturalista s?o leitores vorazes de textos sobre a natureza.

Quest?o 10. Considere as seguintes constru??es l?xico-gramaticais da figura:

I. O uso do -ing mostra que os tipos de intelig?ncia s?o moment?neos. II. O uso dos pronomes you, we, your, yourself possibilita identifica??o dos leitores com a figura. III. Os pronomes what e why t?m fun??o interrogativa.

Est?(?o) correta(s)

A ( ) apenas a I. D ( ) apenas a I e a II.

B ( ) apenas a II. E ( ) todas.

C ( ) apenas a III.

As quest?es de 11 a 14 referem-se ao texto a seguir:

1 Teflon was Invented by Accident

2

3

Today I found out Teflon was invented by accident.

4

The man who accidentally invented it was Dr. Roy Plunkett. After receiving his BA, MS, and eventually PhD in

5 organic chemistry, Dr. Plunkett took a job with DuPont, in Jackson New Jersey. He was subsequently assigned to work

6 on synthesizing various new forms of refrigerant, trying to find a non-toxic alternative to refrigerants like sulfur dioxide and

7 ammonia.

8

According to DuPont, in 1938, 27 year old Dr. Plunkett and his assistant, Jack Rebok, were experimenting with

9 one such potential alternative refrigerant, tetrafluorethylene (TFE). Dr. Plunkett subsequently created around 100 pounds

10 of TFE and stored the gas in small cylinders.

11

On April 6, 1938, upon opening the valve on one of the pressurized cylinders of TFE that had previously been

12 frozen, nothing came out, even though by its weight, it seemed to still be full. Dr. Plunkett and Jack Rebok then decided

13 to investigate further by cutting the cylinder open. Once they managed to get it open, they discovered that the TFE gas

14 inside had polymerized into a waxy white powder, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin.

15

Ever the scientist, Plunkett then proceeded to run tests on this new substance to see if it had any unique or useful

16 properties. Four of the most important properties of this substance discovered were that it was extremely slippery (one of

17 the slipperiest substances known to man), non-corrosive, chemically stable, and that it had an extremely high melting

18 point. These properties were deemed interesting enough that the study of the substance was transferred to DuPont's

19 Central Research Department and assigned to chemists that had special experience in polymer research and

20 development, while Dr. Plunkett was then promoted and transferred to a separate division that produced tetraethyl (sic),

21 used to boost gasoline octane levels.

22

Three years later, the process and name of Teflon were patented and trademarked. Four years after that, Teflon

23 first began being sold, initially only used for various industrial and military applications due to the expense of producing

24 TFE. By the 1960s, various forms of Teflon were being used in a variety of applications, such as stain repellant in fabrics

25 and electrical wire insulation. It was also in the 1960s that Teflon began being used in its most publicly known application,

26 as a coating for non-stick pans. Today, Teflon or other brands of the same product are also used in windshield wipers;

27 carpets and furniture (as a stain repellant); light bulbs; coating on glasses; in various hair products; in semiconductor

28 manufacturing; automotive lubricant; igniters for solid-fuel rocket propellants; and in infrared decoy flares, among other

29 things.

Adaptado de (acesso em 19/07/2015).

Quest?o 11. De acordo com o texto, pode-se afirmar que Dr. Roy Plunkett

A( )

B( ) C( ) D( ) E( )

? doutor em qu?mica org?nica e foi respons?vel pela descoberta de subst?ncias t?xicas em sistemas de refrigera??o. come?ou a atuar na empresa DuPont juntamente com Jack Rebok em Nova Jersey em 1938. foi respons?vel pela descoberta de uma resina n?o corrosiva chamada PTFE. provocou um acidente na empresa DuPont ao armazenar o g?s TFE em cilindros pequenos. foi transferido para o Departamento Central de Pesquisa da empresa a fim de se dedicar exclusivamente ao estudo do PTFE.

Quest?o 12. Dentre as propriedades da resina PTFE citadas no texto, n?o se inclui a

A ( ) refrigerante

B ( ) deslizante

D ( ) resistente ? alta temperatura E ( ) n?o corrosiva

C ( ) quimicamente inerte

Quest?o 13. De acordo com o texto,

A( ) B( )

C( )

D( )

E( )

desde 1938, a empresa DuPont realiza estudos para expandir o uso comercial da resina PTFE. a comercializa??o do Teflon teve in?cio em 1960, ap?s duas d?cadas de testes em diversos segmentos industriais. a descoberta da nova resina levou a DuPont a instituir novo departamento na empresa para focar neste estudo. a descoberta do Teflon ocorreu por acaso, quando Plunkett e Rebok buscavam desenvolver compostos qu?micos para sistemas de refrigera??o. a preocupa??o inicial da empresa DuPont era desenvolver equipamentos de baixo custo e menos agressivos ao meio ambiente.

Quest?o 14. De acordo com o texto, o tipo de ind?stria que n?o se beneficia com as propriedades do Teflon ? a ind?stria

A ( ) t?xtil. D ( ) farmac?utica.

B ( ) automobil?stica. E ( ) cosm?tica.

C ( ) espacial.

As quest?es de 15 a 20 referem-se ao texto a seguir:

1 Your Facial Bone Structure Has a Big Influence on How People See You

2

3

(...) Selfies, headshots, mug shots -- photos of oneself convey more these days than snapshots ever did back in

4 the Kodak era. Most digitally minded people continually post and update pictures of themselves at professional, social

5 media and dating sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook, and Tinder. For better or worse, viewers then tend to

6 make snap judgments about someone's personality or character from a single shot. As such, it can be a stressful task to

7 select the photo that conveys the best impression of ourselves. For those of us seeking to appear friendly and trustworthy

8 to others, a new study underscores an old, chipper piece of advice: Put on a happy face.

9

A newly published series of experiments by cognitive neuroscientists at New York University is reinforcing the

10 relevance of facial expressions to perceptions of characteristics such as trustworthiness and friendliness. More

11 importantly, the research also revealed the unexpected finding that perceptions of abilities such as physical strength are

12 not dependent on facial expressions but rather on facial bone structure.

13

The team's first experiment featured photographs of 10 different people presenting five different facial expressions

14 each. Study subjects rated how friendly, trustworthy or strong the person in each photo appeared. A separate group of

15 subjects scored each face on an emotional scale from "very angry" to "very happy." And three experts not involved in

16 either of the previous two ratings to avoid confounding results calculated the facial width-to-height ratio for each face. An

17 analysis revealed that participants generally ranked people with a happy expression as friendly and trustworthy but not

18 those with angry expressions. Surprisingly, participants did not rank faces as indicative of physical strength based on

19 facial expression but graded faces that were very broad as that of a strong individual.

20

In a second survey facial expression and facial structure were manipulated in computer-generated faces.

21 Participants rated each face for the same traits as in the first survey, with the addition of a rating for warmth. Again,

22 people thought a happy expression, but not an angry one, indicated friendliness, trustworthiness -- and in this case,

23 warmth. The researchers then showed two additional sets of participants the same faces, this time either with areas

24 relevant to facial expressions obscured or the width cropped. In the first variation, for faces lacking emotional cues,

25 people could no longer perceive personality traits but could still perceive strength based on width. Similarly, for those

26 faces lacking structural cues, people could no longer perceive strength but could still perceive personality traits based on

27 facial expressions.

28

In a third iteration of the survey participants had to pick four faces out of a lineup of eight faces varied for

29 expression and width that they might select either as their financial advisor or as the winner of a power-lifting competition.

30 As might be expected, participants picked faces with happier expressions as financial advisors and selected broader

31 faces as belonging to power-lifting champs.

32

In a final survey the researchers generated more than 100 variations of one individual "base face" by varying facial

33 features. Participants saw two faces at a time, and then picked one as either trustworthy or high in ability or as a good

34 financial advisor or power-lifting winner. Using these results, a computer then created an average face for each of these

35 four categories, which were shown to a separate set of participants who had to pick which face appeared either more

36 trustworthy or stronger. Most of the participants found the computer-generated averages to be good representations of

37 trustworthiness or strength -- and generally saw the average "financial advisor" face as more trustworthy and the "power-

38 lifter" face as stronger. The findings from all four surveys were published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

39 on June 18.

Adaptado de scientific.article/your-facial-bone-strecture-has-a-big-influence-on-how-people-see-you.(acesso em 20/8/2015)

Quest?o 15. De acordo com o texto,

A( )

B( ) C( ) D( )

E( )

s?o relatados os resultados de quatro pesquisas realizadas por neurocientistas ligados a empresas de recursos humanos. todos os estudos utilizaram o mesmo m?todo para analisar as fotos, mas os resultados s?o distintos. as pesquisas foram encomendadas por gerenciadores de redes sociais como o Facebook e o LinkedIn. as pesquisas mostram que as pessoas avaliam a confiabilidade observando as express?es faciais do indiv?duo. os quatro estudos apresentam resultados totalmente distintos no que se refere ? afetuosidade.

Quest?o 16. De acordo com o texto,

A( ) B( ) C( ) D( ) E( )

fotos postadas em redes sociais determinam as habilidades e compet?ncias de um candidato a emprego. fotos digitais postadas nas redes sociais causam as mesmas impress?es sobre um indiv?duo que fotos anal?gicas. a Universidade de Nova York pretende publicar as pesquisas relatadas na reportagem para divulgar caracter?sticas de compet?ncia e confiabilidade. al?m de credibilidade e compet?ncia profissional, a an?lise das faces revelou dados sobre for?a f?sica e condi??o socioecon?mica. a percep??o da for?a f?sica de um indiv?duo est? relacionada ? estrutura ?ssea da face e n?o ? express?o facial do indiv?duo.

Quest?o 17. Considere as senten?as a seguir:

I. O primeiro estudo foi realizado com um grupo de 10 participantes e 3 avaliadores. II. O segundo estudo ampliou o primeiro, incluindo a avalia??o sobre afetuosidade. III. O terceiro estudo calculou a for?a f?sica pela raz?o entre altura e largura da face. IV. O quarto estudo utilizou as mesmas imagens do primeiro estudo.

Est?(?o) correta(as)

A ( ) apenas I e IV. D ( ) apenas II e IV.

B ( ) apenas a II. E ( ) apenas a IV.

C ( ) apenas II e III.

Quest?o 18. De acordo com o terceiro estudo,

A( ) B( ) C( ) D( ) E( )

rostos mais largos sinalizam pessoas mais felizes. rostos mais finos indicam pessoas mais competentes. rostos mais compridos indicam pessoas mais afetuosas. rostos mais finos sinalizam pessoas mais confi?veis. rostos mais largos indicam pessoas mais fortes fisicamente.

Quest?o 19. Marque a op??o em que o item sublinhado denota um qualificador.

A( ) B( ) C( ) D( ) E( )

Most digitally minded people continually post and update pictures... (linha 4) For those of us seeking to appear friendly and... (linha 7) More importantly, the research also revealed the unexpected finding... (linhas 10/11) An analysis revealed that participants generally ranked people... (linhas 16/17) Surprisingly, participants did not rank faces as indicative of physical strength... (linha 18)

Quest?o 20. Todas as frases abaixo cont?m adjetivo com flex?o de grau, exceto:

A( ) B( ) C( ) D( ) E( )

...photos of oneself convey more these days than snapshots ever did back in the Kodak era.(linhas 3/4) ...it can be a stressful task to select the photo that conveys the best impression of ourselves.(linhas 6/7) ...participants picked faces with happier expressions as financial advisors... (linha 30) ...and [participants] selected broader faces as belonging to power-lifting champs.(linhas 30/31) ...and generally saw the average "financial advisor" face as more trustworthy... (linha 37)

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