Study Guide – Ecology (Part #1)



Study Guide – Ecology (Part #1) Name: _______________________

13.1-13.2, 13.5, 14.1-14.4, 15.3-15.5 Date: _______________ Pd: ___

1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate biomes: Taiga Tropical rainforest Grassland Desert

Tundra Temperate deciduous forest

_______________ a. Extreme dryness with hot and cold temperatures. Plants are able to store water.

_______________ b. Cold, dry, treeless region. Receives little precipitation and is covered in ice.

_______________ c. Has four distinct seasons. Wide range of temperatures and precipitation.

_______________ d. Found in temperate or tropical regions with little precipitation. Populated mostly

by tall grasses, scattered trees and shrubs.

_______________ e. Warm temperatures, wet weather, and lush plant life. Located near the equator.

_______________ f. Cold forest dominated by cone-bearing evergreen trees. Precipitation is mostly

snow.

2. Use the following terms to match the correct example: organism community ecosystem

population biome ecology

________________ a. A blue heron sits beside a pond.

________________ b. The study of the interactions among living things and their surroundings.

________________ c. Most of Costa Rica has dense forests with much rainfall and biodiversity.

________________ d. 200,000,000 black ants are in a line to the picnic table.

________________ e. On the campus of LHS, birds, squirrels, and mice live together.

________________ f. In a swamp, there is grass, mud, fish, alligators, rain, algae, and warm weather.

3. Use Figure 13.2 to answer the following questions:

|[pic] |a. List two biotic factors in the picture. |

| | |

| |b. List two abiotic factors in the picture. |

| | |

| |c. The tree in the picture is an example of an autotroph, also known as |

| |a ___________________. |

| | |

| |d. Almost all autotrophs get their energy from the _________ through |

| |a process called _______________________. |

4. Use figure 13.1 to answer the questions:

|[pic] |a. Which biogeochemical cycle is shown at left? ________________ |

| | |

| |b. ______________ and ______________ are processes that account |

| |for much of the transformation and movement of carbon. |

| | |

| |c. Which other cycle depends directly on photosynthesis besides the |

| |one shown at left? |

5. Another name for the water cycle is the __________________________ cycle.

6. Fossil fuels are a part of the _______________________ cycle.

7. ____________________________ help convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia in the nitrogen cycle.

8. The process in #7 is called ____________________ ___________________ in the nitrogen cycle.

9. The four processes that take place to cycle water in the hydrologic cycle are

a. _________________ b. _________________ c. __________________ d. ________________

10. Matching:

The diagrams below show different kinds of interactions between species:

[pic]

a. Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in diagram ____ above is mutualism.

b. Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in diagram ____ above is parasitism.

c. Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in diagram ____ above is commensalism.

11. Fill in the blanks with the following terms: immigration logistic growth carrying capacity

emigration limiting factor exponential growth

births deaths

a. When resources are abundant in a particular area, individuals may move into the population of this

area. This movement of individuals into a population from a different population is called

____________________________.

b. A very cold winter has left many deer in a population hungry and sick. By the end of the winter, this

population will likely decrease because of ___________________.

c. The maximum number of deer this ecosystem will hold is called the __________________________.

d. The type of population growth curve showing the carrying capacity of a population using an S-shaped

line is ___________________________________.

e. The type of population growth curve (J-shaped) that shows a huge increase in population due to an

abundance of natural resources and limited predators is ____________________________. This type

of population growth is at risk for a population crash.

f. A deer population experiences growth when the rate of reproduction increases. This change in

population size is due to ______________.

g. As humans move into their territory, many members of a deer population move away and join other

herds. This movement of individuals out of a population into a new population is called

_____________________________.

12. Compare and Contrast:

|Contrast Density-Dependent Limiting Factors |Compare Density-Dependent and Density-Independent |Contrast Density-Independent Limiting Factors |

| |Limiting Factors | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|Example: | |Example: |

13. Determine which ecological factors are a part of a lion’s niche and which are a part of a lion’s

habitat by placing the items on the left into the correct columns on the right.

|Terms |Habitat |Niche |

|food trees | | |

|hunting behavior zebra | | |

|other lions sand | | |

|watering hole grass | | |

|temperature grasslands | | |

|wildebeest (savanna) | | |

14. Fill in the blanks with the following aquatic ecosystems terms: Open Ocean, Rocky Intertidal, Estuaries, Freshwater

a. _______________________temperature range varies with latitude and water depth, sunlight

decreases with water depth, water density changes with temperature and salt content, fish, dolphins, whales, etc. can be found here.

b. ______________________ seasonal fluctuations of depth and temperature, freshwater plants, algae, insects, fish, wading birds, various plankton.

c. ______________________ alternating exposure to direct sunlight and submergence, salinity

changes, rocky substrate, algae, sea urchins, clams, mussels, starfish.

d. ______________________ large fluctuations in salinity, extreme temperature changes, algae, mosses, aquatic plants, insects, shrimp, crabs, amphibians, birds.

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