STUDY GUIDE: GLYCOLYSIS, FERMENTATION AND …
DUBLIN HIGH SCHOOL AP BIOLOGY
CH. 9 STUDY GUIDE: GLYCOLYSIS, FERMENTATION
AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
KEY TERMS
cellular respiration
overall formula
energy release
oxidation reaction
exergonic reaction
aerobic respiration
ATP
ADP
ATP-ADP cycle
chemiosmosis
ATPases
high energy phosphate bond
phosphorylation
hydrogen/electron acceptors
NAD
FAD
oxygen
aerobic respiration
glycolysis
pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid oxidation
acetyl-Co-A
mitochondrion
cristae
matrix
intermembrane space
inner compartment
outer compartment
Krebs cycle (=citric acid cycle)
electron transport system
cytochromes
oxidative phosphorylation
cytochrome system
products of ETS
FAD
terminal hydrogen/electron acceptor
chemiosmotic hypothesis
chemiosmotic gradient
fermentation
anaerobic respiration
alcoholic fermentation
ethyl alcohol(=ethanol)
lactic acid fermentation
lactic acid
WORD ROOTS
aero - = air (aerobic: chemical reaction using oxygen)
an - = not (anaerobic: chemical reaction not using oxygen)
chemi - = chemical (chemiosmosis: the production of ATP using the enrgy of hydrogen ion gradients across membranes to phophorylate ADP)
glyco - = sweet; - lysis = split (glycolysis: the splitting of glucose into pyruvate)
QUESTIONS
1. What is catabolism? Anabolism? Is cellular respiration anabolic or catabolic?
2. Write the overall formula for aerobic respiration and alcohol fermentation.
3. Summarize the steps in aerobic respiration; listing products and reactants for each stage and telling where in the cell each stage occurs.
4. Summarize the production of ATP for each of the three stages in aerobic respiration.
5. Explain the role of electron-carrier molecules such as NADP.
6. Explain how the production of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs according to the chemiosmotic hypothesis. Use a diagram of a mitochondrion in your explanation.
7. Explain the process of fermentation.
8. Diagram a mitochondrion, show where the Krebs cycle and ETS are found.
9. Outline Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis.
10. What arguments would you use to justify calling the mitochondria the "powerhouse" of the cell?
11. What is the specific role of oxygen in an aerobic cell?
12. When and where does anaerobic respiration occur in humans? What is the end product of this anaerobic respiration?
Sample Essay Questions
1. Describe the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Include in your discussion the major reactions, the end products and energy transfers. (1982 AP Exam question)
2. Explain how the molecular reactions of cellular respiration transform the chemical bond energy of krebs cycle substrates into the more readily available bond energy of ATP. Include in your discussion the structure of the mitochondrion and show how it is important to the reactions of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. (1977 AP Exam question)
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