NEW ENGLAND COLONIES REVIEW QUESTIONS: …



NEW ENGLAND COLONIES REVIEW QUESTIONS: CONNECTICUT, RHODE ISLAND, NEW HAMPSHIRE, MASSACHUSETTS (pages 88-89, 94-99)

Massachusetts

1. Who were the Pilgrims? Why did they leave England?

Separatists left for freedom of religion

2. What is the Mayflower Compact? Why do you think only men signed it? What is the impact of the Compact today?

Agreement of colonists

Self government/written form of government

3. Who were the Puritans? Why did they want to build a new society in New England?

Simplify Church of England; Wanted to have religious freedom (government and religion as one)

Connecticut

4. Who was Thomas Hooker? Why did he leave Massachusetts?

Thomas Hooker is founder of CT who left for religious freedom and political freedom

5. What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? How did this differ from government in Massachusetts?

A document that Limit government power

Focused specifically on the governor…trying to make it more balanced

Rhode Island

6. Why was Roger Williams? Why did he leave Massachusetts?

Founder of RI; Religious Tolerance and Separation of Church and State

New England Experiences

The people who lived in New England influenced democratic principles and values that influenced America. Give specific examples (think Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and religious freedom). Connect the experience to our principles an and values

~Salem Witch Trials: event that was the catalyst for Separation of Church and State and the right to a fair trial

~Mayflower Compact-self-governing

~Fundamental orders of CT-Limiting government: led to the idea of Constitution to limit power of government

~Rhode Island: Relg. Freedom: strict rules of church and state and governor too much power…leads to religious toleration

MIDDLE COLONIES: NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, DELAWARE (Use Textbook pages 100-105 & class notes pages 6 & 9)

New York

1. What was New York City first called? Who originally ruled it? How did the English take over? What kinds of religion were allowed?

~New Amsterdam; New Netherlands/Dutch. England sent in warships and laid siege on Peter Stuyvesant.

~Cultural Mix…Religious freedom

2. What was a proprietary colony?

King gives land to one or more people who make laws for colony but under English Law

New Jersey

3. What was a Royal colony?

Royal colony: under control of English Crown

4. Who came to New Jersey?

Cultural Diversity from all over Europe

Pennsylvania

5. Who were the Quakers? What were their beliefs? Why were they persecuted and viewed and treated by people in England?

Holy Experiment: peace & rel. freedom/tolerance (“belief system”-Rel. freedom, peace, Christianity); Wanted religious freedom; believe in equality, anti-war, anti-slavery

6. Who lived in Pennsylvania? Where did people who lived in Pennsylvania come from in Europe?

~Believed in policy of fairness to allow all groups the opportunity of fertile land & new life

~Open Door Policy

~Penn sent pamphlets describing colony all over Europe (Scotland, England, Wales, Netherlands, Ireland, Germany) *many come from all over

Delaware

7. Why was Delaware founded?

~Settlers in lower PA. counties felt it was too far to send delegates to assembly in PA

Middle Colony Experiences

The people who lived in the Middle colonies influenced democratic principles and values that influenced America. Give specific examples. Connect the experience to our principles an and values

~Elected Assembly: Principle I-People Rule: Self-Government, Town meetings, voting-elected government; right to assemble

~William Penn: Letter Writing Campaign & Open Door Policy:

Values: Religious tolerance: Separation of Church & State; Cultural Diversity & equality; Fairness with Native Americans & Anti-Slavery movements; Women’s rights

~William Penn: Holy Experiment—Freedom, Peace, Christian Living

SOUTHERN COLONIES: MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, THE CAROLINAS, GEORGIA

(pages 106-111)

Maryland

1. What was the Act of Toleration? How might this have impacted the Constitution?

Religious Toleration: Act of Toleration = Religious toleration for Christians

Amend. 1

2. What was the Mason-Dixon Line and what does it represent?

~Mason-Dixon Line: 1767 divided the middle and southern life (Stone markers with P & M indicating borders between PA & MD)

~Division between North and South

Virginia

3. What was the House of Burgesses? Could all individuals vote for representatives in the House of Burgesses? If not, who could not vote? Predict why this was important in the future development of our country. (page 86)

House of Representatives; assembly. Not all could vote: women, non-whites, people who did not own property

Representative democracy

4. Who is Nathaniel Bacon? Why is he important?

Fights with Native Americans over land…as settlers moved further into the backcountry, fighting broke out between them. The settlers called on the governor to take action against the Natives but he refused because he profited from his own fur trade with Indians. So, Bacon and other farmers gathered and raided Native American villages and to Jamestown (burned it down). Short revolt in which 23 of Bacon’s followers were hung. However this is an example of challenge authority/government…when the government doesn’t do its job (to protect its citizen’s).

The Carolinas

5. How was the economy of North Carolina similar to the economy of Virginia?

Economic Growth: crops of tobacco, rice and indigo (blue dye) grew real well in these areas

6. What was indigo and why was this important to the citizens of North Carolina?

Indigo: Blue dye. Economic success. Rice and Indigo grew well in the areas and became a very valuable crop

Georgia

7. Why was Georgia founded?

Debtor Colony—pay debt in England in return farm land (indentured servant). At first set strict rules for the colony: farms no bigger than 500 acres and no slaves…but Georgia grew slowly. Later rules changed: allow large plantations and slave labor to allow Georgia to become successful like S. Carolina.

8. Why was Georgia called a “buffer colony?”

State between Spanish Florida and the English Carolinas—keep the peace

Two Ways of Life

9. What was the difference between living and working in the backcountry and living and working on a plantation?

Backcountry: west-hardships; more democratic and equal; not many slaves; traveled Great Wagon Rd.

Vs.

Tidewater Plantations:

Along rivers & creeks of coastal plain: area offered rich soil and easy access to move goods (wealthiest plantations)

10. What were the slave codes? How did this concept affect the Civil War, fought almost two- hundred years after the colony was founded?

Slave codes treated enslaved Africans not as human beings but as property. These laws set out rules for slaves’ behavior and denied slaves basic rights

Southern Colony Experiences

The people who lived in the Southern colonies influenced democratic principles and values that influenced America. Give specific examples. Connect the experience to our principles an and values

~Slavery-Slave Codes-racism still exists (laws implement to stop this)

~Mason-Dixon Line (division of North & South)

~Cultural Diversity

~House of Burgesses: Representative Government

~Maryland’s Act of Toleration: Document—free exercise of --Religious freedom-Amendment 1

~Land: Economic Freedom (cash crops)

~Bacon’s Rebellion (challenge authority)

~Maryland women own land: Social Change

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