AP GOVERNMENT
AP GOVERNMENT
Review
Intro--Chapter 1 & 2:
Background to the study of government:
The purpose of government, principles of democracy, theories of democracy (pluralism, elite theory, hyperpluralism)
Shared American values; Ideological differences
American Founding--Chapter 3:
Causes of the Revolution
Enlightenment ideas that influence the Founding Fathers
How the Revolution was a ‘conservative revolution’
Flaws with the Articles of Confederation that influenced the writing of the Constitution
Factors that illustrated the flaws of the government under the Articles
Issues that were debated during the writing of the Constitution and how resolved:
(philosophical and practical; e.g. views on human nature (philosophical) vs. issue of slavery (practical)
Madison’s model of government: Principles of the Constitution: limited government, separation of powers, federalism, republicanism
The debate over ratification: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Role of the Bill of Rights
Process for formally and informally changing the Constitution
Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review
Federalism--Chapter 4:
Federal vs. unitary governments
The importance of federalism in the establishment of the new government
How federalism is demonstrated in the Constitution (powers of federal gov. vs. states)
The supremacy clause
Early Supreme Court cases establishing the supremacy of the federal government
McCulloch v Maryland; Gibbons v. Ogden
The impact of the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement on federalism
The relationship between the states (‘full faith and credit’, etc.)
Dual v. Cooperative Federalism (and examples that illustrate the shift)
Fiscal Federalism (the grant system, mandates)
Devolution
U.S. v. Lopez
U.S. v. Morrison
Recent issues/cases involving federalism (‘right to die’ and ‘medical marijuana’ cases)
Role of 10th Amendment
Civil Liberties: Concepts and Cases—Chapter 5
Role of the Bill of Rights
Incorporation (selective) and 14th Amendment (due process clause)
Gitlow v. New York
First Amendment Rights:
Freedom of Religion: Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause
“wall of separation”
Kinds of issues that come up and the Court’s rulings
Tests of constitutionality
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Engle v. Vitale and Abington v. Schempp
Employment Division v. Smith
Free Speech
Speech that can be more limited:
Slander and Libel
Obscenity
Symbolic speech
Student Speech
Tests for First Amendment cases:
Preferred position
Prior restraint
Imminent danger (vs. clear and present danger)
Near v. Minnesota
Schenck v. U.S.
Roth v. U.S.
Miller v. California
New York Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johsnon
Rights of Students:
Free Speech and Press Rights & relevant cases
Search & Seizure
Second Amendment—Heller ruling & McDonald (question of incorporation)
Rights of Criminal Defendants
Relevant amendments: 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th
Relevant cases: Miranda v. Arizona; Mapp v. Ohio; Gidoen v. Wainwright; Furman v. Georgia
Right to Privacy & its possible foundations: relevant amendments
As applied to abortion, gay marriage
Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade (later abortion cases: Planned Parenthood v. Casey; Webster v. Reproductive Health Services)
Congress:
Qualifications: formal (constitutional; informal—stats about who is in Congress)
Bicameral: qualities of each chamber
Number of members; how determined; how elected—Constitutional requirements and changes over time
How Congress is decentralized
Elections
Advantage of incumbency
Casework
Privileges of incumbency (like franking)
reapportionment
Gerrymandering; redistricting—know difference between the two and different types of gerrymandering (and Court opinion)
Organization
Committee system; kinds of committees
Important Committees: Rules Committee, Ways and Means, Budget, Judiciary; what would make these or other committees significant
What impacts decisions about who is on committees
Leadership roles—how filled; what leaders do
Caucuses
Lawmaking Function
Logrolling
Pork barrel
How a Bill becomes a law—textbook version and ‘unorthodox version’
Filibuster, cloture, nuclear option—impact of filibuster and debates about it
Impact of fragmentation on lawmaking
Sunset law
Oversight Function
Representation Function—factors that impact representation; different ideas about how it occurs: delegate, trustee, politico
Powers of Congress—need to know specific powers of Congress in areas of policymaking
Checks on Congress
Presidency:
Qualifications
Constitutional description of President
How President’s role has changed—factors in the evolution of presidential power
Powers of President—know specific powers as established in the Constitution; powers that have resulted from the evolution of the presidency
“Imperial Presidency”
Roles president plays—how based in the Constitution; informal roles
Factors that impact a president’s ability to carry out certain roles
Executive Office of President
Vice President’s role
Office of Management and Budget
Council of Economic Advisors
National Security Council
President’s staff—White House Office
Cabinet
Honeymoon period
Effect of divided government
Effect of public opinion
Use of ‘bully pulpit’
War Powers Resolution; attempts to restrain President
Constitutional checks on the president; other ways of checking the president
Impeachment process
Legislative veto
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