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Philip CokerProfessor DudleyUWRT 110228 March 2017The Rising Cost of College and What People Are Doing About it:An Annotated Bibliography"An Analysis of Student Fees: the Roles of States and Institutions." The Review of Higher Education. 39.4 (2016): 597-619. Print.This book goes into some of the averages of student debts and fees by certain states and universities. It does a great job going into some of the stats of college intuitions rises in price. Between 2013-2014 Private colleges increased by 153%, 164% in community colleges, and 231% at public colleges. There is a good part where they talk about some of the things that student fees are being spent on. Recreational facilities, and student unions soak up most of the income, but as time goes on these fees still increase. It then talks about how many students are in debt, and the average amount of time it take for students to get out of debt. I chose this source because it has great stats on the college rates across the country and how the differ from public to private. It may not have advice on how to counter these things, but the data is usefulArchibald, Robert B, and David H. Feldman. Why Does College Cost so Much?New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print.This book has a great understanding on the inner workings of college tuition, and the cause of its cost. Public universities are subject to swings in state funding that can affect tuition, independent of any changes in the university’s costs. Private universities are more subjected to the vagaries of financial markets that affect their endowment portfolios. The price behavior of higher education is more similar to the price behavior of services than it is to the price of behavior goods, which means higher education is priced as a service. As a service its price will fluctuate along the years. The driving force of the rise in the cost of higher education is economic growth itself. Technological change plays a huge part. Technological progress does damage on labor as well as it increases demand of higher educated labor, which means rising wages of the highly educated and increased income inequality.I am going to use this source in order to tell my audience just what is the cause of the rise of intuition. I’ll have the data to say what student fees are now, and also how they got to this point. This is going to be my most important source when it comes to stats. The book is full equipped with charts, graphs, and more studies than I have ever seen for a topic. That leads to a scientific approach, and helps my claims when I present them in my paper.Drake, Diana. "The Rising Costs of a U.S. College Education." Interview. Audio blog post. Knowledge Wharton High School. N.p., 15 Mar. 2016. Web. 29 Mar. 2017.Diana brings along two experts in data concerning college tuition, to discuss the cost of College education. They speak of how financial aid is growing faster than the cost of college. There are some families that are getting that aid but are making an annual $100,000, so they obviously don’t need it. Colleges are spending so much money trying to get financial aid rather than trying to cut actual institute costsThis source gave me a great deal of stats, and that is what I will need to help prove the credibility of my paper. Some of those stats include how 1/3 of people with student loans are repaying it back at $300 a month and for 5%, $500 a month. As well as how 65% of students with debt will pay off the debt before deciding to save for retirement. Student loan debt is second to mortgage debt, and now above credit card debt. This source also had a great part towards the end when both speakers talk about some of the things parents can do to avoid the harsh costs of college. I will make sure to include these solutions to my paperHartle, Terry W. "Where Are the Low Income Students?" Higher Education Today. American Council on Education, 10 Jan. 2017. Web. 17 Apr. 2017. (new source add to cited on final paper)Hill, Catharine B. "American Higher Education and Income Inequality." Education Finance and Policy. 11.3 (2016): 325-339. Print.This source talks about how a family’s income can directly affect the debt students have to deal with in life. There is a great deal of lower income families in the United States and this conflicts with the pricy nature of college. In order to get a better education you must pay more and most can’t afford that. In fact, the source manages to explain how the increase of income inequality has led to higher tuition, higher costs, and higher financial aid than necessary. If household incomes have increased between 1971 and 2009 with no increase in income inequality financial aid would have significantly lower.This source is going to help me talk about how families have a direct impact to one’s student debt, and the burden of college tuition. Also this source does a good job explaining how the inequality in income can just come back full circle. Fewer millennials have bought homes and that statistic is steeper among those that went to college. People with student loans are less likely to create small business, which hold 60% of jobs. The more people are plagued by their debts, which are also at the fault of inequality of income, the more the community around them will suffer. With this source I’ll also be able to explain how we could be looking at the wrong people for solutions. The federal government only deals with 20% of student loans while the states pay 80% of the rest. Focusing attention to the states can help tuition costs.Jackson, Abby. “'Free' College in Europe Isn't Really Free.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 6 Mar. 2016, how-do-european-countries-afford-free-college-2016-3. Accessed 29 Mar. 2017. Some economist don’t like the idea of Bernie’s plan of free college for everyone. They believe the plan should target people who actually needed and not everyone. “Free” is a relative term since tax payers absorb that cost. This source explains how European countries maintain their status of free college but have lower college enrolment percentages than America, and higher taxes. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2015 made a report on tax burden that mentioned how tax wedge is correlated to be higher among free intuition countries than in the US. United States Free College will be more complicated in the US than in EuropeThe important thing about making a paper is understanding both sides of an argument. This article is telling people that while the sound of free college does sound great, there are other factors that come along with such a benefit, and we may not like them. While I personally am not sure just how much worse off some of these countries are by having a higher tax wedge, it’s good to use a source like this so that I can gain a outside viewpoint on the situation, and also some experience on countries already practicing free tuition.Koseff, Alexei. “Lawmaker Wants Tuition-Free College in California.” Sacbee, 20 Mar. 2017, news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article139685303.html. Accessed 29 Mar. 2017. This source talks about how the Californian lawmaker, Susan Talamantes Eggman, wants to pass the Assembly Bill 1356, that will add a 1 % tax on annual Californian household’s incomes of 1 million or more, to be placed in a financial aid fund. Through the plan, college tuition should be covered for in-state students at the University of California, California State University and California community colleges. A majority of Californians believe college affordability is a major problem. There was already a plan last week put forth by democrats that would help families who make less than 150,000 per year get living expenses. This got skeptical response for not having a mechanism to pay for it.I wanted to try to get a source on some of the things people are doing to reduce the cost of going to college. I already have a good amount of sources on all of the stats behind the increase of college tuition, and some of its negative effects, but this source will help me talk about some of the things people are considering to stop the rising costs of tuition.Mims, Steve, and Steve Mims. Starving the Beast: The Battle to Disrupt and Reform America's Public Universities. , 2017. Internet resource.The movie talks a lot about how public college has how public college has changed throughout the years, and how different people want to try to change its projection. When public college first came into play, it was a system meant to expose education to poorer families, so that they can gain the skills necessary to become financially successful, and also help out their local community at the same time. The film surprisingly talks about North Carolina, and how University of North Carolina centers for poverty were shut downThis movie gets a great grasp on how many of the other states around the United States are trying to handle the cost of higher education. My source on the Californian lawmaker on covers California, but this movie shows the sides of people who may want to also have a completely free college, those who don’t, but see that there should be changes with its current system.Rine, P J, and David S. Guthrie. "Steering the Ship Through Uncertain Waters: Empirical Analysis and the Future of Evangelical Higher Education." Christian Higher Education. 15 (2016): 4-23. Print.This article is done from the viewpoints of evangelical Christian college leaders, and how they wish to deal with the cost of Higher Education. This article talks about a subject that is not touched in any of my other sources and that is the Great Recession and how it affected college tuition. Many people suffered from unemployment from the Great Recession, and while it ended in 2009, its effects were major up until 2017. Many families did not have an income that made it hard determining if college was even worth spending the little amount they didn’t have. It’s great to have a different view on some of these topics, and a religious one is very well a view to consider. This source even talks about how the evangelical colleges and universities have to also deal with the financial challenges of college. It even provides a good history lesson on how college before the colonial days, in Europe. When colleges were brought to the U.S. there was an expansion of who was exposed to the higher education for a reason, and that doesn’t seem to follow in our modern times. This source will help provide that background. "United States: Fewer International Students Applying to US Colleges." Thai News Service (Bangkok, Thailand), 28 Mar. 2017, General News. NewsBank, infoweb.resources/doc/nb/news/16365EE68ADC4DD0?p=WORLDNEWS. Accessed 29 Mar. 2017.This source is from an article talking about some of the issues involving potential college students from foreign countries. U.S. applications from foreign students for the next school year has slowed down with 39% of responding universities reporting a decline in applications from the Middle East. Report by the American Association of College Registrars and Admissions Officers say four out of 10 universities reported fewer international applications. Miceahl Reilly the association’s executive director, said there may be fewer admissions because international students feel America is becoming less welcoming of their kind. Portland State University in Oregon saw a 37% reduction in applications from India from the new school year. The Portland State University’s President says most is due to monetary changes in India, which has made parents worried they won’t be able to afford the cost of an American college education. Again I think it gives a good insight on how the world views the United States education and how it is affecting a broad arrange of people. I take notice that not much of this article is actually about College intuition, but mostly on foreign relations, but there is some strong tie ins as well. It turns out that some schools may be taking advantage of out of state students by trying to lower admission standards to admit more of them who will pay higher tuition, and just ignore the instate kids. ................
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