TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL PROPOSALS FOR …
Ministry of ecology and natural resources of the Rebublic of Moldova
GEF PAD grant for preparation of Sustainable Persistent Organic Pollutants (PoPs) Stockpiles Management Project
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
TECHNICAL APPENDIX TO THE MAIN REPORT
Final Version
June 27, 2005
Ministry of ecology and natural resources of the Rebublic of Moldova
GEF PAD grant for preparation of Sustainable Persistent Organic Pollutants (PoPs) Stockpiles Management Project
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
TECHNICAL APPENDIX TO THE MAIN REPORT
Final Version
June 27, 2005
Table of Contents
1 Model check list for field examination program 4
2 Guidance criteria for selection of most “critical” warehouse 11
3 Baseline information at the rayonal level 12
3.1 Anenii Noi rayon 12
3.2 Basarabeasca rayon 17
3.3 Balti municipality, Singerei rayon 20
3.4 Briceni rayon 26
3.5 Calarasi rayon 31
3.6 Cantemir rayon 35
3.7 Cahul rayon 38
3.8 Causeni rayon 43
3.9 Cimislia rayon 48
3.10 Chisinau municipality, Criuleni and Dubasari rayons 52
3.11 Donduseni rayon 57
3.12 Drochia rayon 61
3.13 Edinet rayon 65
3.14 Falesti rayon 69
3.15 Floresti rayon 73
3.16 Gagauz Autonomous Territory Union (GATU) 77
3.17 Glodeni rayon 84
3.18 Hincesti rayon 88
3.19 Ialoveni rayon 93
3.20 Ocnita rayon 98
3.21 Orhei rayon 103
3.22 Leova rayon 107
3.23 Nisporeni rayon 111
3.24 Rezina rayon 115
3.25 Riscani rayon 119
3.26 Soldanesti rayon 123
3.27 Soroca rayon 127
3.28 Stefan Voda rayon 131
3.29 Straseni rayon 135
3.30 Taraclia rayon 140
3.31 Telenesti rayon 144
3.32 Ungheni rayon 149
4 Quick reconnaissance survey of electrical substations 153
5 Laboratory results on environmental contamination with POPs 161
5.1 Soil contamination study in Orhey rayon 161
5.2 Environmental media contamination study for Pascani warehouse 162
5.3 Results of analyses of PCBs in soil and capacitor oil 163
Model check list for field examination program
A. General Information
А1. County
A2. Village / Town
А3. Owner of the storage facility (to be clarified at the mayor office and/or on site)
• mayoralty
• local agriculture farm
• private person
• not identified
• other (to be specified)
• Any relevant information (owner’s name, ownership’s duration, future/presumptive owner, etc.)
А4. How old is the storage facility (to be clarified at the mayor office and/or on site)
• 1-10 years
• 10-20 years
• 20-30 years
• other (to be specified)
• Any relevant information (year of construction / reconstruction, etc.)
А5. Was the facility constructed according to a specific design? (to be clarified on site, eventually visually)
• YES
• NO
If YES, then:
• Is design documentation available?
• Who is keeping it?
• Have you seen it?
А6. Initial destination of the storage facility (to be clarified at the mayor office and/or on site)
• Pesticide storage
• Fertilizer storage
• Other (to be specified)
• Any relevant information on facility’s use along the last 10 years (was out of use, was used for other purposes, presently empty, presently used as pesticide storage, etc.)
А7. Design capacity, tons (to be clarified at the mayor office and/or on site)
А8. Number of …in adjacent settlements (an estimate is OK)
• People: ______________________
• Households: __________________
• Cattle: ______________________
• Sheep: ______________________
• Shallow wells: ________________
А9. Number/share of vulnerable groups in adjacent settlements (absolute number and % of total population)
• Aged persons: ______________
• Children and students: ______________
• Chronic patients: __________________
• Other categories: (occupational health problems related to work at the storage facilities) ______________
А10. Are there records of loss/illness of cattle/chicken related the facility? (to be clarified at the mayor office and/or on site)
• NO
• NO INFORMATION
• YES. If YES then provide details
А11. Status of access roads (for trucks) (to be clarified at the mayor office and/or on site)
• Good
• Acceptable
• Poor
А12. Road elements presenting higher risks for trucks access (to be clarified at the mayor office and/or on site)
• Weak bridges
• Very poor road
• Weak roadsides
• Other
А13. Additional information collected on site, for example
• does the facility have an authorization?
• record of past accidents
• are there guards?
• information on burying chemicals on site or nearby, in the past
• record of past emissions / discharges of chemicals from the facility
• was the territory floodedn.d.a.
• presence of fire extinction equipment
• presence of ventilation system
• hooter
• telephone
• connection to electrical grid
• pesticide register
• etc.
B. Details on Storage Facility
В.1. Total fenced area (to be determined on site)
В2. Presence of warning and/or identification signs
В3. Other facilities on the premises (to be determined on site)
• another storage facility
• pesticide preparations facility
• area for transport units
• house for guards
• open shelters
• other (to be specified)
• Any relevant information on facilities (technical status, present use, etc.)
В4. Drainage network (to be determined on site)
• NO
• YES. If YES, define its status (fair, destroyed, silted, discharge of drainage water, etc.)
В5. Runoff collection system (to be determined on site)
• NO
• YES. If YES, define its status (fair, destroyed, silted, discharge of runoff water, etc.)
В6. Evaporator grounds (to be determined on site)
• NO
• YES. If YES, define and describe its technical status:
• area/volume
• number
• state of bottom and walls (concrete, terracotta, or earth / intact, cracks, or destroyed)
• water insulation
• other information
В7. Number and capacity (t) of halls within the facility that could be used for pesticide storage
В8. Is there any smell of pesticides on the perimeter of the storage facility?
• YES
NO
В9. Other information collected on site
B10. Drawing Page (schematically present the key objects)
C. Status of Storage Facility and Access Roads
С1. External walls (visual investigation)
• concrete
• limestone
• bricks
• wood
• other (to be specified)
• Describe technical status ((intact, cracks and their character (few, many, reach the basement, etc.), partly damaged or destroyed, etc.)
С2. Roof and floor (visual investigation)
• tiles
• slate
• ruberoid
• other (to be specified) _________________________
• concrete
• earth
• Describe technical status (intact, partly destroyed (e.g. slits, hollows), partly missing, etc.)
С3. Openings (windows, doors, slits) (visual investigation)
• windows YES
• windows NO
• other openings __________________________
• doors locked
• doors not locked
• Describe their status: (closed, open, iron bars, etc.)
С4. Fence (visual investigation)
• NO
• YES. If YES, what is the material:
• concrete
• stone
• metal net
• wood
• other (specify)
• Describe its status: (intact, partly destroyed, etc.)
С5. Road cover near the facility (0,3 km)
• concrete
• asphalt
• gravel
• earth
• other (to be specified)
• Describe road status: (intact, partly/heavily damaged, do they provide space for trucks maneuvering).
С6. Other information collected on site
D. Site Environmental Characteristics
D1. Position of the facility within the landscape (visual investigation + use a small-scale map)
• plateau
• upper hillside
• middle hillside
• lower hillside
• floodplain
D2. General slope and its geographic orientation (visual investigation + use a small-scale map)
• slight (degree)
• moderate (degree)
• significant (degree)
• north exposition
• south exposition
• east exposition
• west exposition
• (specify if other)
D3. Protection against wind (0.3 km) (visual investigation)
• NO
• YES. If YES, then specify:
• Forest
• Forest belt
• Green area
• Sharp slope
• Buildings
• Other
D4. Presence of ravines and gullies, taking the runoff away from the facility (0.3 km) (visual investigation)
• uphill: YES / NO, if YES, estimate the length_____________________
• downhill: YES / NO, if YES, estimate the length____________________
D5. Depth of the first groundwater horizon (within 0.3-0.5 km from the facility) (to be determined on site by investigating the wells, or interviewing the local staff, or from design documentation)
• 0-2 m
• 2-5 m
• 5 m
• Specify the source of information and provide details
D6. Indirect indicators of shallow groundwater layers (within 0.3-0.5 km from the facility)
springs
• wetlands
• specific vegetation
• other (to be specified)
D7. Risk of flooding the facility (to be determined on site by investigating the wells, or interviewing the local staff, or from design documentation)
• YES
• NO
• Provide details (when, under what conditions)
D8. Soils (downhill 0.3-0.5 km)
• Clay
• Clayey loam
• Sandy loam
• Sand
• Dusty
D9. Visible indicators of wind or water erosion (scours, ravines, etc.) within 0.3-0.5 km
• NO
• YES. If YES, describe
D10. Land cover vegetation / shrubs within 0.3-0.5 km
• NO
• YES. If YES, describe
D11. Specify any other factors (visible or in the opinion of the local staff), which facilitate or make difficult the spreading of pesticides by air, water runoff or infiltration into the groundwater
E. Sensitive / Vulnerable Areas
E1. Land use in the proximity of the facility (within 0,3-0,5 km or more if necessary - visually)
|Land Use | |Distance from the facility |Position related to storage |Notes and additional |
| | |(visual investigation) |facility (uphill, downhill, |information |
| | | |lateral) | |
|Vineyards |YES/NO | | | |
|Orchards |YES/NO | | | |
|Arable |YES/NO | | | |
|Vegetables |YES/NO | | | |
|Pastures |YES/NO | | | |
|Low developed area |YES/NO | | | |
|Wetlands, marshes |YES/NO | | | |
|Industrial zones |YES/NO | | | |
|Dwelling zones |YES/NO | | | |
|Forests |YES/NO | | | |
|Forest bands |YES/NO | | | |
|Other (specify) | | | | |
E2. Localities (visual investigations, interviews with people, maps)
|Radius/distance |Locality name |Distance from the |Population |Number of grazing |Is the facility and adjacent area being|
| | |facility | |livestock |used for passing the cattle/sheep herds|
| | | | |(cattle/sheep) |or grazing by local households: YES/NO,|
| | | | | |if YES, give an estimate of the number |
| | | | | |of animals per day |
|Within 0.3 km |1. | | | | |
| |2. | | | | |
| |3. | | | | |
|Up to 1 km (down-hill) |1. | | | | |
| |2. | | | | |
| |3. | | | | |
E3. Distance to the water bodies, water courses downhill the facilities, maximum 1 km (visual investigations, interviews with people, maps)
|Water body / water course |Distance to the facility, km |General water resources use in each water |Notes and additional information |
| | |body/course (irrigation, drinking purposes, | |
| | |watering, etc.) | |
|1. | | | |
|2. | | | |
|3. | | | |
E4. Sources of drinking water (boreholes, wells, watering places, and springs) near the facility (visual investigation, interviews with local people, maps)
|Distance |Type of water source |Water source use |Use frequency |How many users (number |Notes and additional |
| |(borehole, dug well, |(drinking purposes, |(permanent, rarely, not|of people) |information |
| |spring, watering place)|industrial use, |used) | | |
| | |watering, etc.) | | | |
|Within 0.3 km |1. | | | | |
| |2. | | | | |
| |3. | | | | |
|Up to 1 km (downhill) |1. | | | | |
| |2. | | | | |
| |3. | | | | |
E5. Natural Protected Areas within 1 km from the facility (visual investigation, interviews with local people, maps)
|Protected area |Description |Distance from the facility, km |Notes and additional information |
|1. | | | |
|2. | | | |
|3. | | | |
| | | | |
Е6. Other data, information, observations and opinions contributing to understanding and analysis of risks from the pesticide facility to the general public, the vulnerable groups (aged people, children, disabled population, poor people), local households, the environment, occurrence of accidents, etc. (use additional sheets, if appropriate)
F. Final Self-Check List
|F1. Has all relevant information been collected? Is there any need to contact additionally the authorities, |YES/NO |
|local staff or the population? | |
|F2. Has the facility been mapped? |YES/NO |
|F3. Have drawings of the facilities on the premises been prepared, with proper descriptionn.d.a. |YES/NO |
|F4. Has the questionnaire been filled in entirely? Are the answers clear? |YES/NO |
|F5. What questions have not been answered properly and completely (indicate the item)? Why reliable |1. |
|information was not availablen.d.a. |2. |
| |3. |
|F6. Have not you forget any materials or personal stuffn.d.a. |YES / NO |
|F7. Have you cleaned the shoes and clothes after visiting the facility area? |YES / NO |
|F8. List of persons met and interviewed |1. |
| |2. |
|Telephone, fax, etc.: |3 |
|F9. Name of the person who undertook the field investigation and filled in the questionnaire: |1. |
| |2. |
|F10. Date of the field investigation (day/month/year): | |
Guidance criteria for selection of most “critical” warehouse[1]
|Storage |Assessment criteria |
|facility | |
| |Formerly stored a large |Presently stored a large amount|Poor technical status of the facility |
| |amount of pesticides |of pesticides | |
|Hail |2 |5 |30 min |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |45-58 |88 | |
|Fogs |41 |63 |40 hours (1947; 1961 years) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-30 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |20 | |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |< 35 |40 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources: On the rayonal territory the transboundary Nistru River flows having formed the eastern border of rayon, and also the Bic River which is a tributary to the Nistru. Besides, there are important internal small rivers: Calantir (25 km)[2], Mereni-Chirca (16,5 km), and Ponor (9,0 km), which are the tributaries of the Bic River. The biggest artificial water reservoir with total water volume 1,4 mln m3 and surface area 102 km2 is situated on the small river Calantir near village Hirbovetul Nou. Another artificial water body is Sagan pond near village Calfa, with total volume of 4,4 m3. On the whole, the total local water resources amount 16,8 mln m3. The total number of drinking water supply sources is 1866 including 4 important springs, 1664 shallow wells and 198 borehole wells. The water quality in shallow wells is poor due to dry residue indexes (49%), nitrates (40%) and fluorine[3]. The water quality in decentralized sources of water supply tended to be deteriorated within last 10 years.
Soils: According to soil classification, Anenii Noi rayon belongs to Danubian steppe of typical, calcareous and cambic chernozioms region with stains of forest xerophyte’s, sodic and vertisol chernozioms of the Hungarian oak forest steppe. The rayon is associated with the South-Moldavian hilly-wavy plain. The eastern part of the region includes calcareous and typical chernozioms subregion of Nistru steppe terrace. About 80% of soils are typical, calcareous and cambic chernozioms. There are stratified alluvial soils in the bottom of ravines and in the river meadows. The eroded soils occupy 25086 ha (26,1%).
Phreatic water: The shallow groundwater level varies from 0,5-2,0 m in the Nistru and Bic rivers’ meadows up to 15-20 m on watershed.
Flora: The natural vegetation, which is currently significantly, is steppe and forest steppe. The forests occupy 11395 ha (13,3%). The greatest Hungarian oak forests are situated near villages Djeamana, Novotroitschoe, Delacheu, Hirbovet and Serpeni.
Fauna: The fauna is scare and mostly presented by wild boar (Sus scrofa), deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), partridge (Perdix), wild duck, musk-rat (Ondatra fiber zibethica) and others.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area/ quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Ancient fauna location of Calfa fossil |35,0 ha |
|Botanical sites, including | | |
|Forest vegetation sectors |Schinoasa Mare |15,0 ha |
|Age-old trees |Hirbovet |24 units |
| |Gura Bicului |8 units |
| |Flaminda |16 units |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Voinova - Serpeni |27 ha |
|Landscape reserves |Forest Hirbovet |2218 ha |
| |Telita |124 ha |
|Monuments of landscape architecture: |Park Hirbovet |2,2 ha |
The nature-protected sites are situated far away from the potential affecting area where the central warehouse at the military training fields “Bulboaca” is situated.
Pesticides warehouses[4]
According to inventory data, there are two obsolete pesticides warehouses in the rayon. To date obsolete pesticides from both warehouses has been evacuated to the central selected deposit at the military training polygon “Bulboaca”. Currently, there are 19950 kg of pesticides is stored in bags. As reported by MoD, repackaging of obsolete pesticides is in progress. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have not been inventoried in rayon[5], but quota of unknown pesticides (liquid and dry) is estimated as 47,9%[6].
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Cobusca Noua |1450 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Zolotievca |9000 |4200 |1800 |Evacuated |
|Total: |10450 |4200 |1800 |47,9% from the pesticides are unknown |
|Central warehouse Bulboaca |19950 |n.d.a. |n.d.a.[7] |Centralization is completed. Pesticides stored in bags,|
| | | | |but not in plastic barrels |
Brief report on field survey (central deposit, military training fields “Bulboaca”)
General: Central warehouse is situated in bounds of the military training fields close to Cobusca Veche village (common name of military polygon is “Bulboaca”).
Warehouse: Access to the territory of military polygon is regulated and entrance permission from the MoD is needed. Training fields are fenced with barbed wire, and at the entrance gate there is a guard. Two-floor construction, currently used for storing of pesticides, has been designated initially for tactical exercises, but presently the second floor is severely damaged. Obsolete pesticides are stored only in the first floor room with enclosed by bricks windows/doors. The first-floor roof and floor are strengthened by concrete. Conditions of access road and territory adjacent to the warehouse are appropriate for maneuver of heavy tracks.
Perimeter: The perimeter is not fenced and no any protection measures towards pollution prevention were undertaken. There are no warning and safeguard labels.
Surroundings: The territory has a slight declination to northern direction (4-5 degrees). There is no water bodies in proximity to the site. Building is sitated in the open field; wind protection features have not been studied. The surrounding area is covered by grass vegetation what contribute to increase of run-off. According to rough estimation, the depth where the first aquifer is situated exceeds 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: There are several other military training constructions around the deposit situated at the distance from 20 to 40 m. The arable lands, probably used by MoD for cereals growing are situated close to the site (at the distance about 100 m). To the south and southeast at the distance of 60 m, the military training and target-shooting zone is placed. Depth between land surface and groundwater is unknown; according to estimates it can exceed 5 m. There is an obvious “chemical” odor near the building.
Access to site: From the main motor road a concrete plate road goes; roads condition are acceptable. The last section of the road (100 m) near the warehouse is country-unpaved road.
Findings:
• Building is not designated for storing of chemicals and may be considered only as a temporal storage place.
• Entrance to the building is secured by blocking of windows and doors by bricks.
• Technical conditions of building are poor.
• Pesticides are stored on the floor only in plastic bags and not in a proper order.
• Access for resticted number of personnel (solders and officers) is free.
• Pollution prevention due to air dispersion and run-off is not ensured.
• Building is situated on low attending fields, far away from settlements.
• Contamination of agricultural lands and crops is possible.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, village Cobusca Noua)
General: Warehouse for storing of pesticides and fertilizers was built in village Cobusca Noua about 20-30 years ago. According to statements of „Aroma” Association[8] administration, which is owner of assets, warehouse is received required authorization every year (including for the year 2005). Construction was made according to the design. No documents were presented in mayoralty office. At present some pesticides and mineral fertilizers are stored inside. The stock of obsolete pesticides probably has been evacuated to rayonal central deposit.
Warehouse: Approximate visual dimensions of warehouse are 20 x 27 m, it was divided into 4 sections: one big section has been designed for keeping of mineral fertilizers; one small separated section - for specific use, and two sections - for pesticides storage. Walls are constructed from stone bricks, which are in good conditions. There were no walls’ cracks and destructions. Roof is asbestos plate. Section for fertilizers has a ground floor, but in sections were pesticides were stored is strengthened by concrete. Doors are wood (pesticides sections), locked with padlock, but fertilizers section - with metal bars. There are two unprotected windows.
Perimeter: The perimeter is fenced by partially destroyed metal gauze. There are no warning signs. In spite there is guardroom, the keeper was missing during the inspection time. Presently existing drainage and rainwater accumulation system are destroyed and do not operate. Evaporation land is placed higher than warehouse (according to the relief). The place for technical equipment wash is available but presently is partially damaged.
Surroundings: Warehouse is located on the slope (declination 2-3 degrees) approaching to the Cobusca River, what contribute to increase of run-off into the small river and further - to water reservoir. On the adjacent territory covered by grass vegetation the soil erosion process has been registered. There were not observed wind protection landscape features. According to rough estimate, the depth between surface and first aquifer exceeds 10-15m.
Sensitive end-points: At the radius of 300 m, which can be affected by wind dispersion, vineyards (at the distance 30 m from warehouse perimeter), arable lands (20 m), pasture (20 m), agro-industrial buildings (tractor brigade, cereals storehouse, village heating facility, livestock farm - 200-300 m) and village (about 400 m) are situated.
The small river Cobusca flows in lower part of the slop at the distance 150-200 m from warehouse; and one small water reservoir is situated at the distance 200-300 m. Local people uses surface water for livestock watering.
Findings:
• Warehouse is owned by “Aroma” Association producing alcoholic beverage.
• Technical conditions of the building are relatively good.
• Access of people and animals to the territory where warehouse is free.
• Traffic to warehouse can be embarrassed during humid period.
• Warehouse is situated near industrial and residential areas.
• Warehouse is situated on the slope and therefore there is increased probability of the surface run-off to the road and into the Cobusca river.
• Arable lands including vineyards are situated in vicinity from warehouse.
2 Basarabeasca rayon
General
There are 10 settlements in Basarabeasca rayon, with one central town. The distance from Chisinau to Basarabeasca, the capital of rayon, is 99 km. The eastern boundary of the rayon is the state border with the Ukraine. The total surface area is 296 km2, the area of agricultural lands is 23540 ha (79.7%). Total number of population amounts 2900. The urban population is 11200 inhabitants (39%); rural population - 17800 (61%). There is no roads of international importance. The main road is R35 (Chisinau-Basarabeasca). There is a railway crossing the rayon and connecting towns Chisinau and Odessa (Ukraine).
Environment
Relief: The region is situated within bounds of the Southern Moldova plain. It is intersected by river valleys and ravines.
Climate: The average monthly temperature in January is -3,2(C, in July +21,7(C. The average multi-annual temperature is 7,8-8,4(C. The average yearly precipitation is 420 mm. The amount of precepitation during torrential rainfall (calculated for the year of 1% probability) may reache up to 100-120 mm. The average annual wind speed is 2,1 m/s. Dominated direction (rosette) of winds is Eastern, North-eastern and South-eastern. The maximum annual western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern wind speed - 11-12 m/s and northwestern wind speed - 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavorable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |8 |30 min |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |5-7 |20 |Winter and spring, 6-18 days |
|Fogs |34 |67 |16 days (1950 year); 12 hours |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 |16 days |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |9-18 |9 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |50 |60 |- |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The main internal small rivers are: Cogilnic (19,5 km), Schinoasa (9 km), Lunga (17 km) and Lunguta (6 km) rivers. The important artificial water body (with total volume 1,45 mln m3) is situated on the Cogilnic river near village Sadaclia. Local water resources amount 10,2 mln m3. Among 1267 of total number of drinking water sources there are 1200 shallow wells and 67 borehole wells. Water quality from the decentralized sources (shallow wells) is poor due to dry residue indexes and nitrates.
Soils: According to geographical classification, Basarabeasca rayon belongs to the Danubian steppe of the typical, calcareous and cambic chernozioms region with stains of forest xerophytes, sodic and vertisol chernozioms and represents the South-Moldavian plain. About 80% of the soils are typical, calcareous and cambic chernozioms. Ravines and river meadows are characterized by stratified alluvial soils. Eroded soils occupy the area of 10054 ha (55,9 %).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies from 0,5-2,0 m in rivers meadows up to 15-20 m on watershed.
Flora: Remained natural vegetation belongs to steppe and forest-steppe one. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy 2675 ha (9,1%). The greatest oak, maple, acacia, walnut tree, mazzard forests are situated near village Bascalia (290 ha).
Fauna: The typical fauna is represented by boar (Sus scrofa), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), partridge (Perdix), skylark (Calandrella), white stork (Cioconia cioconia).
Natural protected areas
There is no protected natural areas in the Basarabeasca rayon.
Pesticides warehouses:
To date repackaging of obsolete pesticides has not proceeded yet. According to the last inventory there are 17000 kg of obsolete pesticides stored in 4 deposits in the rayon. Presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is not reported. Share of unknown pesticides is not identified. One warehouse in village Sadaclia has been selected as a central deposit.
|Warehouse |Total amount, |Including unknown |Comment |
| |kg | | |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Sadaclia |9130 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Stored |
|Troitscoe |5747 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Stored |
|Abaclia |1795 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Stored |
|Basarabeasca |310 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Stored |
|Total: |16973 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Central warehouse Sadaclia |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |more than 17 000 kg of obsolete pesticides is |
| | | | |expected to be stored |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Sadaclia)
General: The age of warehouse is about 30 years. The warehose is owned by SRL „Malcom”. Warehouse was built in conformity with required design for storing of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. According to statement of person in charge warehouse administration, deposit has an authorization but relevant documents were not shown. According to design, the maximum capacity of the warehouse is about 150 t.
Warehouse: Warehouse dimensions are 15 x 38 m. Technical condition of the building is adequate. At the survey time in the administrative side of deposit small reparation works were performed. Stone bricks walls are in relatively satisfactory condition (no loopholes, breaking down). Asbestos plates with orifices, which were foreseen for ventilation, cover the roof. Windows are glassed and protected by bars. Doors are permanently locked. The drainage and rainwater accumulation systems are missing. There are 3 sections have been investigated: two sections are foreseen for storage of mineral fertilizers and one - for keeping of unused pesticides. Floors at all sections are reinforced by concrete. Inside the building the sand is spread.
Perimeter: Perimeter is fenced by mesh net and guarded. On the territory, a station for seeds chemical processing is placed (in a functional condition). The concrete ground for technique washing exists. A water accumulation well is available as well as an artesian well for technical water. The electrical system is in good condition. The distance to paved road is 300 m and access may be only limited by wet conditions affected the unpaved country road.
Surroundings: Warehouse is situated in the field at the middle part of the slope with an inclination of 5-7 degrees on the direction of north, and northeast. On the northeast direction, parallel with the fence not very deep steep slope lies (direction: from south to north). Forest, situated at the upper gradient, may preserve wind dispersion. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: There are several end-points has been identified at the radius of 300 m, presented by orchard (10-20 m from the warehouse perimeter), arable fields (20 m), forest (100 m) and forest belt (100 m), artesian well (100 m). Downward the slope extensive arable fields are located up to village border. The distance to village is about 1 km, which is located at the bank of river Cogilnic. The flood plain of the river is used for arable plantations.
Findings:
• Warehouse is privately owned and is in satisfactory operational condition. The repair works were fulfilled only in administration section.
• Security of warehouse is completely ensured.
• Warehouse is located in the field relatively far from the villages (1 km).
• Small river flows downward at the distance of about 1 km.
• Orchards and arable lands are situated in close proximity to warehouse.
• Borehole well and forest are located upward at the distance of about 100m.
Brief report on field survey (potential for evacuation warehouse, Abaclia)
General: Formerly warehouse building belonged to „Baschir-Prin” SRL. Presently it is shared by inhabitants of village Abaclia. The age of warehouse is about 35 years. As reported by mayoralty, warehouse was built according to the design, but relevant documents do not exist. Warehouse was used for storage both pesticides and mineral fertilizers. The total capacity is about 300 t. No vandalism damages, accidental fires, burglaries were mentioned.
Warehouse: Dimensions of the building are 16 x 38 m, but half of building is destroed. All doors are missing. Just two window bars from initial 12 ones are still kept, the rest is destroyed. External walls of warehouse are built from stone bricks, and remaining part of building is in relatively poor condition. Some of wall’s sections are broken and pierced. Concrete plates, with unprotected ventilation holes, strengthen the roof. There are precipitation and contaminants leakages and probability of infiltration of contaminated water through floor. There are 7 sections inside, where about 7 t of pesticides is kept (barrels and bags are stored together). In some sections the floor is strengthened by concrete. The rest of sections have ground floor.
Perimeter: On warehouse territory the guard’s house is situated, it is is partly destroyed. Perimeter is not fenced. Access of people and animals is free and footprints of humans are observed. Warning labels and precautions signs are missing. Other constructions, water drainage and water evacuation systems, as well as accumulation basins do not exist.
Surroundings: Warehouse is situated on top of the hill and on a slope with inclination of 5-7 degrees to the east. Warehouse is not protected against wing dispersion from several sides. To the north and northeast a protection forest strip exists. The soil erosion has been observed. The area around the warehouse is covered by grass vegetation. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: Within the bounds of 300 m radius around warehouse the following end-points are to be found: vineyard (10 m from the warehouse territory), arable lands (100 m), grazing area, railway station Abaclia (50 m), village (100-200 m), forest strips (30- 50 m).
Downward the slope vineyard is situated and penetration/ surface run-off from warehouse through the damaged roof and floor may easily reach perennial plantation. At the distance of 1,5 km a functional artesian well exists (to the south-western direction).
Warehouse is situated near the local railway station. There are also dwelling houses at the distance of about 100 m to the north.
Findings:
• Warehouse is owned privately and shared between peasants and abandoned
• Construction is partly destroyed, access is free, and guarding is not ensured.
• Drainage and run-off accumulation systems are missing.
• Warehouse is located near railway station and dwellings.
• Pasture and vineyards are situated in close vicinity from warehouse.
3 Balti municipality, Singerei rayon
General
There are 3 localities in Balti municipality and 68 ones in Singerei rayon. The distance from Chisinau to Balti is 131 km. Total surface area of municipality and rayon is 78 km2 and 1034 km2 respectively including 4082,5 ha (52,3%) of agricultural lands on the territory of Balti municipality and 80179 ha (77,6%) in bounds of Singerei rayon. Private agriculture includes about 73% of productive lands. The total population is 127673 people in Balti, and 87158 people in Singerei rayon. Urban population amounts 1227783 people (96,2%) in Balti municipality, and 15759 people (18,1%) in Singerei rayon; rural populations is 44895 people in Balti municipality and 71399 in Singerei. International roadway is – M14 (Chisinau - Balti - Briceni-Ukraine) and main national road is R14 (Chisinau-Balti). Railway crosses town Balti and village Alexandreni (selected as central pesticide warehouse).
Environment
Relief: Singerei rayon and Balti mynicipality are located in bounds of the Balti plain, Prenistru plateau. In the south it’s partially occupied by the Solonet – Ciuluc plateau. The maximum altitude is 340 m (Radoia Hills).
Climate: The average monthly temperature in January is -4,5(C, in July +20,5(C. The average multi-annual temperature is 8,2-8,6 (C. The average annual precipitation is 475 mm. The precipitation is irregular; maximum rainfalls happen in July and August. The most frequently they fall as torrential rainfalls. The maximum torrential rainfall calculated for the year of 1% probability can reach up to 140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds are: Eastern, North-Eastern and South-Eastern. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern wind speed - 11-12 m/s and northwestern wind speed - 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomena:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours (1954) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-15 |10 days (1968) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |14 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |31 |40 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The major small rivers are Raut River (26 km) and its tributaries Rautel (7,6 km), Cubolta (9,3 km), Solonet (25 km), Ciulucul Mare (30 km), Ciulucul Mijlociu (20 km) and Ciulucul Mic (12 km) rivers. The biggest artificial water bodies are situated near town Singerei and have total water volume 2,14 mln m3 (on Ciulucul Mare River), Iezarenii Vechi (1,67 mln m3) and Dumbravita (1,49 mln m3). On the whole local water resources are estimated as 43,8 mln m3. There are 9 springs, 35127 shallow wells, and 202 borehole wells. Water quality in shallow wells is poor because of the dry residue and nitrates indexes.
Soils: Floresti rayon is situated in bounds of the Northern Moldavian forest steppe province. Predominated soils are typical, cambric and cambic chernozioms of the Balti Hilly Plain steppe. The grey forest soils are also to be found. The surface ares of eroded soils on agricultural lands is 623 ha (8,0%) of in Balti municipality, and 34056 ha (42,5%) - in Singerei rayon.
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies from 0,5-2,0 m in river meadows up to 15-25 m on watershed.
Flora: The natural vegetation remained in some places is forest steppe. The forests and forest plantations occupy 760,83 ha (9,7%) in Balti municipality and 10732 ha (10,4%) - in Singerei rayon.
Fauna. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), ondatra (Ondatra fiber zibethica), badger (Meles meles), ground squirrel as well as birds - partridge (Perdix), big and small turtle, skylark and others can be found on the territory.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Hydrological sites |Water reservoir from Ciuluc river, Mihailovca |8,6 ha |
| |village | |
|Resource reserves: | | |
|Complex of sodic soil chernozem of the forest steppe from |Brejeni village |9 ha |
|the northern Moldova | | |
|Typical chernozem of the forest steppe from the northern |Balti town |4 ha |
|Moldova | | |
|Areas of multifunctional management: | | |
|Steppes: |Balti steppe sector, Vranesti village |8 ha |
|Forest protection belts: |Balti town |127,5 ha |
|Meadow vegetation |Solonet river meadows, Draganesti village |15 ha |
| |Solonet river meadow, Draganesti village |15 ha |
| |Ciulucul Mic river meadow, Bursuceni village |12 ha |
| |Meadow with field grass; Ciulucul Mic river, |3 ha |
| |Bursuceni village | |
| |Ciulucul Mic river meadow, Dumbravita village |20 ha |
| |Ciulucul Mic river meadow, Dumbravita village |20 ha |
| |Ciulucul Mijlociu river meadow, |40 ha |
| |Slobozia-Chiscareni village | |
|Monuments of landscape architecture: | | |
| |Park from Cubolta village |7 ha |
Protected areas are not situated close to the central warehouse in village Alexandrenim (Singerei rayon).
Pesticides warehouses
As it reported by MOD repackaging is in progress in Singerei rayon and finished in Balti municipality. At present 13700 kg (collected in Balti municipality) and 91800 kg (collected in Singerei rayon) of obsolete pesticides are stored at central warehouse in village Alexandreni.
Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is not estimated due to absence of relevant information. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not reported by the last inventory.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Alexandreni |1710 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Central warehouse |
|Balti municipality |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Research institute Selectia |6000 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Total in municipality Balti |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Octeabrescoe |1200 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Bilicenii Noi |3000 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Bilicenii Vechi |3870 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Pepeni |4720 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Cotiujenii Mici |3020 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Copaceni |400 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Mihailovca |2400 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Prepeliţa |4050 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Balaşeşti |2700 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Radoia |1069 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Draganesti |6920 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Chiscareni |8480 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Iezarenii Vechi |3800 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Bursuceni |5800 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Ciuculeni |3150 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Cubolta |2300 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Dumbravita |1180 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Singerei |9470 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Coscodeni |6070 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Heciul Nou |3600 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Dobrodgea Veche |2400 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Izvoare |4000 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Total in Singerei rayon |85 460 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Central warehouse Alexandreni |13700+91800 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Actually 105 500 kg of pesticides are stored from |
| | | | |mun.Balti and Singerei rayon |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Alexandreni village)
General: Warehouse was built about 25 years ago in conformity to the design for storage of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. At present, warehouse belongs to “Vastprotect”SRL. The capacity is approximately 7000 tones and it contains 55040 kg of powder and 5910 kg of liquid obsolete pesticides, packed in 1442 plastic barrels (120 kg each) and in polyethilene bags (some of them are broken). There is also over 100 old metallic barrels stored, as well; some of them have evidence of leakage. According to information obtained from the mayor and owner of warehouse: (i) warehouse is authorized and documentation is available, (ii) guarding is effectuated permanently and effectively, (iii) accidents were not registered, (iv) warehouse is fitted by inimum fire-prevention equipment, operational ventilation, telephone and electricity, (v) warehouse capacity allows storage of great amount of pesticides, (vi) owner of warehouse has desided to suspend temporary centralisation at his deposit, because repackaging has not been done properly (not all transported pesticides has been placed in plastic barrels, bags has been broken and have holes).
Warehouse: The warehouse is built from reinforced concrete and is in quite good technical state. The concreted roof is covered by ruberoid. The concrete floor is in relatively good condition. There are windows; metallic doors are locked by padlock and sealed. Around the perimeter and inside the warehouse a strong odor of chemicals is felt. The warehouse has just one single big section. In one corner the barrels with packeged pesticides and a pile of broken pesticide bags are stored. In other parts of warehouse some parts of vehicles remained.
Perimeter: The warehouse territory occupies approximately 4,9-5 ha. Along with central warehouse there are next constructions on the territory: the second buildingis used as storage place for non-obsolete argo-chemicals; an asphalted plot for transport; guard’s room; a paved plot. The drainage and surface run-off captivation systems are also in operational condition. The drainage basin is present. The territory is only partially fenced by metallic gauze, and due to it access to the territory is possible. Warning labels are missing. On the territory (50 m from the warehouse) there is a well used for drinking water purpose. In the same zone the small orchard is situated.
Surroundings: The warehouse is placed on the plateau with a slight inclination. Steep slopes, depressions, silts are not noted. The phreatic waters are at the depth of approximately 7-8 m. The soil is represented by clayey chernozem. The territory adjacent to warehouse if not paved, is covered by grass.
Sensitive end-points: On the territory a small orchard and drinking well are situated. Within the territory with radius of 300 m, the arable land (30 m) and small graizing area near the group of trees are located. At the distance of 1 km from warehouse perimeter the sugar-refinery plant (500 m) and Grigoresti village (over 600 m) are placed.
Access to site: The road from warehouse to the Floresti – Balti main road is about 800 m long and is made from concrete. Next to warehouse there is a a railway. This makes possible access of carriage inside the warehouse.
Findings:
• Technical condition of warehouse is satisfactory but some renovation of roof is needed.
• Warehouses capacities are sufficient for storing of considerable amount of pesticides including re-packaging and loading inside the building.
• Gurding of warehouse is ensured.
• Transportation access allow usage of different types of transport (tracks and railway) with a possibility for loading and re-loading inside the building.
• Wells used for drinking purpose, orchard and arable lands are sensitive end-points
• Sugar-refinery plant and Grigoresti village are located downward but at the relatively long distance from warehouse.
Brief report on field survey (old demolished warehouse, Coscodeni village)
General: Warehouse has been built about 30 years ago in conformity with the design for storing and distribution of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. According to the mayor’s statement, the designied capacity was approximately 500 tones, but all documentation is missing now. According to statement of Coscodeni village mayor, the warehouse was allotted as land share and during 1995-2005 years it was completely destroyed by peasants, and about 60 bags with pesticides remained outdoors on the warehouse territory.
Warehouse: The warehouse (12 × 70 m) is completely demolished and only concret damaged floor remained. There is a persistent odor of chemicals. In the open air and near warehouse a several piles of pesticides were found.
Perimeter: As the main building all other infrastructure has been demolished as well. Perimeter is not fenced and access is free. Warning labels are missing. In the predominat wind direction, at a distance of 20-40 m a strong osor of chemicals is felt.
Surroundings: Remaining parts of warehouse are situated in middle part of the slope which is directed to village. Near demolished warehouse a non-operational gas station (4 cisterns of a big capacities) is situated. Phreatic waters are probably to be found at the depth over 5 m.
Sensitive end-points: village Coscodeni with households and drinking wells is situated at the distance of 400-500 m from the demolished warehouse. According to the mayor’s statements, the population of village Coscodeni is about 3300,there is about 700cows and 300 sheep. Near warehouse (30-50 m) the orchard and wooden constructions (probably demolished greenhouses) are situated. Over the road, at a distance of approximate 200 m, small river Ciulucul Mic with adjoining pastures, plain, marsh, and arable land is situated.
Findings:
• Warehouse is completely demolished, but obsolete pesticides are still stored in the open air. Fences are missing and contaminated area is easily accessible both for peoples and livestock.
• Warehouse is situated near the village and represents the real danger because of pesticide stock, which was not evacuated and contaminates surroundings.
• By air dispersion of potentially contaminated perticles various end-points may be affected (housesand wells, pastures, agricultural lands and orchard situated nearby).
• Due to contaminated run-off the following impacts are expected: contamination of small river Ciulucul Mic (200 m from warehouse) which is used for irrigation purposes and watering of livestock.
• The perimeter of demolished warehouse is not fenced; the access is free.
Brief report on field survey (old warehouse, Dumbravita village)
General: The warehouse in Dumbravita village was designated for field inspection as potential dangerous place for residential areas and because of it bad technical condition. Warehouse has been built about 30 years ago for storing and distribution of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. It was not built in conformity with the design; its maximum volume is about 50 tones. At present, the warehouse is owned by the local farm leader. Inside the warehouse about 1 ton of obsolete pesticides is stored. Formally, the warehouse has a guard but at the same time, the it was not present permanently on the warehouse territory.
Warehouse: The warehouse is small (6 ×7 m) and has two sections, but only in one of them the stock of pesticides (in bags) are stored. The walls are built from stone blocks and wood, their technical condition is unsafe (fissures, holes). The roof is with slates with lots of fissures through which the rainfall penetrated inside. Floor is simle ground. Windows are closed, however, over the door, which is tied with wire, an immense opening is noticed, through which the pesticides could be winnowed. At the warehouse perimeter a typical chemical reek is felt.
Perimeter: The territory of warehouse slightly bent to the steep slope (northern direction), is approximately 0,5 ha, partially fenced by gauze, in some places destroyed. At the perimeter territory the abandoned keeper’s house, the station for solution preparation, lime holes, one water cistern, a slate covered shed, two buildings used as storehouses or wood processing and cutting are located. Adjacent to the warehouse a tobacco dryer is placed with chemical signs on the ground. Warning labels are missing. The drainage, rainwater collective and evacuation systems are missing. In the northeastern part, laterally, a protection ground dam, and at immediate proximity a pond are located.
Surroundings: The warehouse is situated in the northern part regarding to village Dumbravita, on middle part of the slope slightly bent to the north. Downwards the slope, to the north, the steep slope and lateral, to the east a protection ground dam are situated (200 m length). The dam represents an obstacle to the pesticide spreading way and defends the nearby lake. Near the lake, which is at 100-m distance from warehouse, a forest band is placed. The depth of the phreatic waters is about 2-5 m.
Sensitive end-points: On the perimeter territory the pasture and the wood processing station are located. Downward (100 m) the local lake and cultivated arable lands are situated. Village Dumbravita is at distance of about 300 m, but at the same time, it is situated upward the warehouse. The population of in village Dumbravita is 2400 people; there are 700 cows, 500 horses and 2000 sheep. At the lateral side from warehouse, at a distance of 10-20 m there are arable lands.
Findings:
• Technical state of warehouse is unsafe and pesticide storage does not comply with required norms.
• Through the aerial dispersion pollution of residential zone, arable lands, lake, and industrial zone is possible.
• Shallow groundwater is located near the soil surface, but floor, where pesticides are stocked, is not protected against any leakage.
• High risk of sensitive end-points contamination is evident.
4 Briceni rayon
General
There are 39 localities in Briceni rayon, including 2 towns – Briceni and Lipcani. The distance from Chisinau to Briceni is 239 km. The rayon is bordering with the Ukraine at the northwest, and with Romania at the west. The total area is 814 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 62500 ha (76,7%). The private agriculture is developed on 54197 ha (82%). The total population is 77978 people. The urban population constitutes 14205 (18,2%) and rural – 63773 inhabitants (81,8%). The international roadway is M4 (Chisinau-Briceni-the Ukraine), the main republican road is – R11 (Briceni-Ocnita). There are no railway lines in the limits of rayon.
Environment
Relief: It is bent from the north to the south and dismembered by valleys of the Prut river tributaries and by ravines. The region is located in limits of the Northern Moldavian Plateau with maximum altitude is 300 m.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -5,0(C, in July +19,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 7,0-8,0 (C. The average annual precipitation is 550 mm. The maximal torrent rainfall calculated at 1% probability range is up to 110 -120 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3,5 m/s. Dominated winds are: East, Northeast and Southeast. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and northwestern is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |5 |60 min (1954); 7 days -1958 |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |233 hours (1955) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |23 |23 days (1946) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |3 |20 |Winter –spring – 6-18 days |
|Fogs |15 |30 |16 days; 40 hours |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |15 |9 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |30 |45 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources: In bounds of the rayon there is a tributary of Nistru River – Bic River (32 km) and tributaries network: Bucovet (9,5 km), Racatau (21,0 km), Selistea Nouă (25,0 km), Ichel and Cula. Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, amount 36,9 mln m3. There are 4102 shallow wells and 130 borehole wells. Water quality in shallow wells is unsatisfactory because of dry residue and nitrates indexes. Mineral waters are found at Niscani, Hirjauca and Valcinet village.
Soils: Calarasi rayon lies in the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) forest steppe province. Dominated soils are brown and grey forest, cambic chernozem. Eroded soils occupy 23148,0 ha, or 56,1% from the agricultural land.
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies from 0,5-2,0 m in the Bic; Cula and Ichel River meadows up to 15-30 m on watershed.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 22987,8 ha (29,7%). The greatest oak, beech, ash tree, lime, maple forests are situated near Girjauca, Cabaesti, Pirjolteni and Sipoteni villages.
Fauna: The wild boar (Sus scrofa), wild stag (Cervus dama), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), common marten (Martes martes) and birds as: partridge (Perdix perdix), wild duck, white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and others species can be found in bounds of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites | | |
| |Quarry “Cimitirul Cailor”, Paulesti village |2 ha |
| |“Tofan’s steep slope”, Valcinet village |5 ha |
| |Steep slope “In dos”, Sipoteni village |2 ha |
|Hydrological sites | | |
| |Mineral water spring, Hirjauca village |1,5 ha |
| |Spring #1 and #2, Niscani village |1 ha |
| |Spring of the Stefan the Greatest, Valcinet |0,5 ha |
| |village | |
|Botanical sites | | |
|Forest sectors: |Forest Hirjauca–Sipoteni |5,4 ha |
|Secular trees: |Oak tree, Bravica and Hirjauca villages |3 units |
| |Beech tree, Bravica and Hirjauca villages |35 units |
| |English oak, Hirjauca village |1 unit |
| |Maple tree, Hirjauca village |1 unit |
| |Ash tree, Varzarestii Noi village |1 unit |
| |English oak, near the Hirbovet village |1 unit |
| |The western plane tree, Niscani village |1 unit |
| |Typical pine, Niscani village |24 units |
| |English oak, Hirbovet village |3 units |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Bogusi |89 ha |
| |Leordoia |158 ha |
| |Sadova |229 ha |
| |Parcela Scafareni |97+ 49 ha |
|Landscape reserves: |Voloca Verbca, Sadova and Rassvet villages |407 ha |
| |Ţiganesti, Seseni, Tabara, Tiganesti, Bravicea |680 ha |
| |villages | |
| |Cabaiesti–Pirjolteni, Cabaesti, Pirjolteni, |1213 ha |
| |Seliste Noua villages | |
| |Temeleuti, Temeleuti and Valcinet villages |209 ha |
Protected natural areas are not situated close to central warehouse in village Oniscani.
Pesticides warehouses
The warehouse located at Oniscani village is selected as central one. To date repackaging of obsolete pesticides is carrying out. At the same time about 90 tones of old and unused pesticides are stored in Calarasi town warehouse. Final situation related to centralisation of obsolete pesticides is not clear enough. During field surveys it has been identified that warehouse from Calarasi town will be used as the central one, as well. On the whole, it is foreseen to stock 124 tones, but according to the inventory their quantity does not exceed 35 tones. As the last inventory shows, the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are absent in the rayon. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimated as 26%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Oniscani |3800 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Selected as central warehouse |
|Calarasi |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Potentially to be central warehouse, situation |
| | | | |is non-clear. Quantity is not apreciatied |
|Hirova |1460 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Hirganca |3360 |880 |400 |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Hoginesti |1760 |130 |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Horodiste |2130 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Niscani |3390 |330 |400 |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Pirjolteni |1730 |1650 |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Radeni |2330 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Sipoteni |1510 |500 |340 |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Tuzura |4280 |4000 |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Tibirica |6370 |100 |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Valcinet |2430 |570 |n.d.a. |Status of evacuation is un-known |
|Total: |35230 |8160 |1140 |26% of unknown pesticides |
|Central warehouse Oniscani | | | |It is expected to store about 124 tonnes. Data |
| | | | |from PIU |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Oniscani village)
General: The warehouse had been built in 1992. It was used for storage of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. At present, it is at of the village mayoralty responsibility. Within past years the warehouse was not repaired, except sections designated for pesticides storage before centralization. The liquid and solid pesticides (in metal drums and bags that need repackaging) are stored now, including 2,5 tones transported from Seseni village. As the result of visual inspection it was observed that warehouse section is full by pesticides.
Warehouse: The warehouse dimensions are 120 x 60 m. At present stone building have some loopholes. Foundation is a concrete plate. It is composed of 3 sections designated for pesticides storage with dimensions 6 x 6 m each, and 4 sections for mineral fertilizers, which have only 3 sides protected by walls while one wall is completely destroyed. The roof is made from slates with several loopholes. Doors have been stolen, but it is planed to install the metallic ones. The floor is concrete. The size of doors does not allow vehicles to enter into the warehouse. The condition of warehouse is generally bad.
Perimeter: The perimeter is about 0,66 ha. The drainage and leakage systems are missing. The evaporation ground is made from concrete plates with loopholes through which the grass is growing. The warehouse’s front territory is covered by asphalt, but it is old and damaged. The perimeter is not fenced. There is no guard; warning labels are missing. The access to the territory is free.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located in middle part of the slope, considerably bent with exposition to the south. The surrounding area is exposed to erosion. The phreatic waters are estimated to be found at the depth over 20 m. Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: within the territory with radius of 300 m from the warehouse the arable lands vineyard and fruit plantations are situated. At the distance of 500 m downward the warehouse there is a meadow which is used asgrazing area. Some sectors of meadow represent wetland areas.
Access to site: The distance between the warehouse and main road is 500 m. The road is made from gravel and is in satisfactory condition. The main road stretches along the meadow.
Findings:
• Technical condition of warehouse is bad, the roof and doors needs to be repaired.
• Fences are missing and access to the territory is free.
• There is not enough space for storing of obsolete pesticides from the entire rayon.
• Repackaging can be done only outside of sections where obsolete stock is currently keeping.
• Potential pollution of arable lands, vineyards and orchards is possible through the wind.
• Potential contamination by surface run-off can affect meadow, wetland areas and pasture.
Brief report on field survey (potential for evacuation warehouse, Horodiste village)
General: The warehouse has been built in 1974 (capacity is about 300 tonnes) according to the design, but documentation is missing now. Initially it served as main warehouse for pesticides and mineral fertilizers for the local sovkhoz. At present, it belongs to 14 farmers’ leaders, which have share of assets. For the past years the warehouse was not repaired, and it is in a deplorable condition now. The warehouse condition is bad and a part of building is destroyed. Demolished construction materials were taken away. Doors and windows are missing. There is no guarding. Partly within warehouse and partly outside of building the liquid and solid pesticides (in damaged metal drums and bags) are stored now, which is estimated as about 2 tonnes.
Warehouse: The warehouse’s walls are built from concrete plates and stone bricks, and a part of warehouse is destroyed. The roof is made by slates, which have many holes. At some places the slate is completely missing. All windows are broken and their frames are missing. All doors are missing. All this damages allowing penetration of the rainfall water and wind, which can transport the pollutants outside. Floor is reinforced with concrete, but with a lot of loopholes.
Perimeter: The perimeter is not fenced and access of livestock and humans is free. In the southern part of perimeter the walnut tree band is situated. Near the warehouse a concrete plate plot for transport units is badly deformed. The drainage system and evaporation plot are destroyed. In the northern part from warehouse a number of bags with pesticides and damaged drums with liquid pesticides are kept at the open. Warning labels are missing.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope, with the exposition to the south. The phreatic waters are supposed to b eat the depth of approximately 15-18 m Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m around the warehouse the arable lands (20-30 m from warehouse) and vineyard (10 m from warehouse) are placed. It is also Racatau river meadow is situated closely (300 m), which is used as arable lands and pasture by local peasants. Some sectors of meadow are marshy.
Findings:
• Warehouse is partially destroyed; construction materials are stolen.
• Liquid and solid pesticides are kept at open and in damaged packaging materials.
• Fence is missing and non-authorised access is free.
• Air dispersion of contaminated particles may affect agricultural fields, vineyard, meadow, small wetlands and pasture.
6 Cantemir rayon
General
There are 54 settlements in Cantemir rayon, including one central town. The distance from Chisinau to Cantemir is 131 km. At the west of rayon, the river Prut is bordering with Romania. The total area is 868 km2, including agricultural land at the territory of 65260 ha (75,2%), from which the private one constitutes 81,2%. The total population is 60000 people. The urban population constitutes 3900 (6,5%) and rural - 56100 inhabitants (94,5%). The main republican automobile roads are: R34 (Hincesti - Cahul), R37 (Cantemir-Comrat). The railway is passed the territory of rayon (Chisinau –Murgeni-the Romania; Cantemir-Cahul).
Environment
Relief: The western part of rayon borders with Prut river meadow, where river terraces and extensive flood plains are presented. The hilly part of rayon is dismembered by tributaries of the Prut river valleys (Tigheci and Larga small rivers).
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -3,0(C, in July +22,0(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,4-8,9 (C. The average annual precipitation is 449 mm. The maximal torrent calculated rainfall might reach up to 120-130 mm. The most frequent direction (rosette) of winds are East, North-East and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and northwestern is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |38 |49 |115 days (1949) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |22 days (1963; 1974) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20-30 |29 days (1965-66) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |24 days (1969) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |32 |50 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The main water streams are: Prut river (28 km) and its tributaries: Tigheci (24 km), Larga (33 km), Tolica (11 km) and tributary to the Ialpug river: Salcia Mica (15 km). Local water resources estimated as 17,2 mln m3. There are 1760 shallow wells, 76 borehole wells, out of the total number of drinking sources estimated as 1836. Water quality from shallow drinking wells is insufficient according to dry residue indexes, nitrates, and chlorine. Shallow water quality trends indicate incresing of indexes values last decades. The mineral water springs are located in Gotesti, Enichioi, and Samalia villages.
Soils: According to geographical classification, Cantemir rayon belongs to the Danubian steppe of the typical and calcareous chernozioms of the Southern Bassarabian steppe plain. 75% of soils are typical and calcareous chernozioms. There are stratified alluvial soils in river meadows dominate. Eroded soils occupy an area of 27042 ha (44,1% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic water: Shallow groundwater table varies in the river meadows from 0,5 – 2,0 m up to 15-25 m on water divide.
Flora: The remaining natural vegetation is steppe and forest steppe. Forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 12180 ha (14,0%). The greatest oak, maple, acacia, walnut tree, mazzard forests are situated near Baimaclia, Pleseni şi Haragis villages. On the Prut river meadow the sedge and rush grow.
Fauna: The important representatives of the wild fauna are: boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger, from birds: partridge (Perdix perdix), duck, stork, wild goose, swan.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Quarry from Cociulia |1,0 ha |
|Botanical, including | | |
|Forest vegetation sectors |Cietu |4,0 ha |
|Age-old trees |Cania village |1 unit |
| |Cietu village |32 unit |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Ciobalaccia village |13,4 ha |
| |Bolgrad lyceum, Frumusica village |54 ha |
|Mixed |Flooded meadow of the Prut river, Cantemir town|132 ha |
|Landscape reserves |Flooded meadow near Antonesti village |93,6 ha |
| |Chioselia |307 ha |
| |Forest Tigheci |2519 ha |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in village Ciobalaccia.
Pesticides warehouses
Currently, repackaging in rayon has not yet started. According to the last inventory there are about 8000 kg of pesticides are stored in rayon. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not registered. The portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is not determined. According to verbal statement of the Ecological Inspectorate Chief in Cantemir Mr. Munteanu E., all warehouses, except in village Ciobalaccia are completely demolished. All obsolete pesticides from already demolished warehouses were transported and already stored in one deposit in village Ciobalaccia.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Toceni |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Pleseni |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Cirpesti |8000 |8000 | |Demolished |
|Visniovca |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Porumbesti |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Rumentev |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Vilcele |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Baimaclia |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Total: |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Central warehouse Ciobalaccia |8000 |8000 |- |Actually 8000 kg of obsolete pesticides are stored. No |
| | | | |bags and plastic drums |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Ciobalaccia)
General: The community Ciobalaccia includes 3 localities: Ciobalaccia, Flocoasa and Victorovca villages. Warehouse, actually privately owned by local agricultural cooperative, has been built in '70s, according to the design for keeping of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. The capacity is approximately 500 t. Guarding is ensured by 3 keepers and salary for them is paid from cooperative budget. There is ecological authorization available. Warehouse is in use as vineyard protection chemicals storage. The logbook is still present.
Warehouse: Warehouse building dimensions are 17 x 40 m. Walls are from concrete plates and in good technical status. The roof is also made from concrete plates, in good condition, without holes, foreseen with orifices for ventilation, which are protected against precipitation. The active ventilation system is in a functional condition (3 ventilators). Windows are with glasses, protected by bars. Inside warehouse there are 4 sections, 3 of them are intended for storage of seeds, but one for chemicals (pesticides and mineral fertilizers). Warehouse doors are locked.
Perimeter: Warehouse perimeter is fenced (metallic net and metallic plates). The fence is in a good condition and non-authorised access is prohibited. There are no warning labels. On the territory - a platform for transport, keeper’s room and a paved area are located. The sewage, leaking water evacuation and evaporation systems are missing. At 20 – 25 m to the south asphalt ground and track-weighing mechanism are placed. To the north, right behind the fence, an accumulation basin, reinforced by concrete, is located (water is brought from the village).
Surroundings: Warehouse is located on the upper part of the slope with an inclination from 1-2 up to 5 degrees, on the direction of north-east and east. Protection of the site against strong wind is not ensured, except from one site. To the north-west, at 20 m from the warehouse and along the fence, the line of walnut trees is planted. The only forest band is observed along the local road, at 250 m from the warehouse to the south-western direction. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: Warehouse in rounded by arable plots, started just from fence. The distance to village border is about 400 m.
Downward the slope the pasture zone has been observed, crossing by two paved roads. At the distance about 500-600 m from warehouse site the flood plain of river Larga is located. The distance to the river is about 1 km downstream.
Access to site: The country-cobbled road is connecting warehouse and village Flocoasa (250 m). From Flocoasa village up to the main roadway Cantemir – Baimaclia the distance is about 12 km and road is in satisfactory condition, but with two bridges under reparation.
Findings:
• Warehouse is privately owned by a local agricultural cooperative and maintained in relatively good conditions.
• Fencing, guard and electricity are available.
• Most of warehouse infrastructures are at place.
• Arable lands are located quite closely. At the down slope relief, the flood plain, pastures and river Larga are found.
Brief report on field survey (old warehouse, Cirpesti)
General: According to the information obtained from the Chief of the Ecological Inspectorate in Cantemir town all warehouses in the rayon were completely demolished (except in Ciobalaccia). In order to confirm this statement, village Cirpesti has been selected for field investigation. Warehouse has been found completely demolished. The only remaining of fundamental blocks is visible. Probably, local populations have used construction materials but it may happened for about 10 years ago.
7 Cahul rayon
General
There are 51 settlements in Cahul rayon, with one central town Cahul. The distance from Chisinau to Cahul is 192 km. At the west, by the river Prut it is bordering with Romania. The total area of the rayon is 1545 km2, including agricultural land spreading on 117350 ha (75,9%), from which the private one constitutes 102468 ha (82,%). The total population is 119 200 people. The urban population constitutes 35500 (29,8%) and rural 83700 (70,2%) inhabitants. The major country important roads are – R34 (Hincesti –Cahul) and R38 (Comrat – Cahul). The railway lines are available, which connects Cahul town with Basarabeasca, Iargara, Cantemir and other towns.
Environment
Relief: Cahul rayon is situated in the southeastern part of the Southern Moldova plain with maximal altitudes up to 290 m and at boundaries of the Southern Bassarabian steppe plain. The Tighechi Hills are situated in the northern part. The territory is dismembered by valleys of tributaries to the Prut river and to the Danubian lakes: Salcia Mica, Salcia Mare and Cahul. The western part of rayon borders with Prut river meadow, where old terraces present relief, which gradually passes into a flood-plain wetlands.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -3,2(C, in July +22,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,0-8,4 (C. The average annual precipitation is 420 mm. The maximal calculated torrent rainfall may reaches up to 100-110 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-1 m/s. Mostly frequent direction (rosette) of winds are East, Northeast and Southeast. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and northwestern is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavorable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (V-XI) |2 |5 |30 min |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |38 |49 |Winter -spring (6-18 days); 115 days |
| | | |(in 1949) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |22 days (1950 year); 12 hours |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20-30 |29 days (1965-1966 years) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |24 days (1969 year) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |32 |50 |- |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The main water streams are: international water courses - Prut (54,5 km) and Danube (1 km) rivers. There are number of tributaries to the Prut and Danube are also associated: Valea Halmajei (18 km), Salcia (24 km), Salcia Mica (22 km); Cahul river (15 km). The important natural lakes and wetlands are: Beleu, Cahul, Manta. Local water resources are estimated as 26,3 mln m3. There are 34 springs, 941 shallow wells, and 215 artesian wells. The mineral water sources are in Cahul town and Moscovei village. Water quality from the shallow wells is poor according to dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soils: According to geographical classification Cahul rayon belongs to the Danubian steppe of the typical and calcareous chernozioms (80 %). For ravines and river meadows there are stratified alluvial soils are registered. Eroded soils occupy an area of 152105 ha (44,4% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater table varies in the river meadows from 0,5 – 3,5 m up to 15-30 m on water divide.
Flora: The remaining natural vegetation is steppe and forest steppe. Forests and forest plantations occupy an area of 16465 ha (10,7%). The greatest oak, maple, acacia, walnut tree, mazzard forests are situated near Gavanoasa (981 ha), Pelinei (408 ha), Larga Noua (303 ha), Slobozia Mare (311ha), Cislita-Prut (234 ha) and Andrusul de Jos (112 ha) villages. On the Prut river meadow the sedge, reed and rush grow.
Fauna: The important fauna species are: boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), partridge (Perdix), wild duck and ondatra (Ondatra fiber zibethica).
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites: |Fossil location near Pelinei village |5 ha |
| |Fossil location near Moscovei village |10 ha |
| |Tartaul steep slope |2 ha |
| |Rockiness near the Valeni village |3 ha |
|Botanical, included | | |
|Forest vegetation sectors | | |
|Age-old trees: |English oak at the periphery of Giurgulesti |1 unit |
| |village | |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Baurci, to the south of Baurci-Moldoveni |93,1 ha |
| |village | |
| |Flaminda |71 ha |
| |Vadul lui Isac |68 ha |
|Herbs |Cahul |343 ha |
|Resources reserves: | | |
|Danubian-Pontian Calcareous Chernozem of the Danubian steppe zone |Field # 10 of the crop rotation to the |4 ha |
| |south-east of Rosu village | |
|Forest Xerophyte Chernozem of the Danubian steppe zone |Larga |200 ha |
|Scientific reserves: |Prutul de Jos |1691 ha |
Pesticides warehouses
The list of inventoried warehouses is included 14 sites. Currently, repackaging has not yet started. The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are registered at Larga and Moscovei warehouses (600 kg, toxaphen). The portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimated at 67,7%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Lebedenco |11880 |4200 |3000 |Stored |
|Moscovei |430 |- |- |400 kg toxaphen, Stored |
|Larga |13470 |3700 |8000 |200 kg toxaphen, Stored |
|Tartaul de Salcie |1360 |- |- |Stored |
|Badicul Moldovenesc |2540 |300 |2000 |Stored |
|Baurci Moldoveni |6880 |1000 |2000 |Stored |
|Bucuria |2440 |800 |100 |Stored |
|Lopatica |1438 |- |- |Stored |
|Cucoara |300 |- |- |Stored |
|Burlacu |300 |300 |- |Stored |
|Cotihana |500 |- | |Stored |
|Gavanoasa |1370 |- |1370 |Stored |
|Cislita Prut |6000 |- |6000 |Stored |
|Total: |49108 |10300 |22970 |67,6% – unknown chemical substances |
|Central warehouse: Cahul SDES |54228 | | |Partly stored Expected more than 54 000kg of obsolete |
|training field | | | |pesticides to be stored |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Cahul SDES training field)
General: Warehouse is located at the training fields of the SDES near town Cahul. The construction is a former abandoned pig farm. For storage of pesticides one section has been selected. It is foreseen to store about 55 t obsolete pesticides.
Warehouse: The section designated for pesticides storage is 5 x 12 m. In general, the building status is relatively good. Walls has been built by bricks and plastered. The roof is made from concrete plate, which is required reparation at junctions’ lines between blocks. Floor is reinforced by concrete with water leaking gully. At the southern part of the building there is a gathering hole, which flows into the accumulation well (which At present time is not functioning). The building needs some roof repairing, installation of bar at one of window and setting of doors.
Perimeter: An asphalt plot is situated near the building. To the northeast, at a distance of 20 m, an accumulation basin (60 x 60 m) is situated, which At present time is not functioning. To the south, at 100 m from deposit, a watchtower for shooting range is noticed. To northwest, at the distance of 20 m from the building and in parallel with a country road, a protection band is available. There are no fence and warning labels. Initially, the ravine at the southeastern part from the building was projected as organic waste products leaking gully originated after pig farm.
Surroundings: The building is situated at the middle section of the slope. Vegetation cover around building is permanent, and because of that, soil is fixed, but run-off may be easily generated. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: The building is located within limits of training fields and approximately 400 m away from the control point of shooting range. To the northern and northeastern directions, respectively at 15 m and 100 m from the building, arable fields are situated.
At the down slope direction, the pasture and several civil deposits (buildings) and administration buildings are located. The distance is about 600-700 m. At the same distance the schoolyard are situated.
Access to site: From Cahul town to the entrance in the training polygon the paved road is available. Further, about 400 m long, a country road leads. During dry period traffic condition is acceptable.
Findings:
• Building is not designated for storage of chemicals.
• There are no required environmental protection engineering measures associated
• Building status is more or less satisfactory, but reparation of roof, windows and installment of doors is necessary.
• Access to territory of training field is limited, but not completely ensured, as deposit is not fenced.
• The risk of run-off pollution of dwelling, administration and school zones are evident.
• Air dispersion may affect agricultural fields.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Lebedenco)
General: The local community includes villages Ursoaia; Hutulu and Lebedenco. The mayoralty is situated in the Lebedenco village. Warehouse is located on the peak of the hill between these three localities. Previously, it was a property of local agricultural collective farm. At present time warehouse does not belong to any owner, as it is reported by mayoralty. The age is over 30 years. Construction was performed according to the design but all documents are missing now. It was designed for storage both pesticides and mineral fertilizers. The maximal volume of warehouse surpasses 100 t. By mayoralty report, there were not registered any cases of vandal damages of the building. Also, there were no mentions about pesticides burying or cases of leakage or stealing of them from warehouse. Telephones, electricity, system against incendiary are missing. Guarding of warehouse is not carried out.
Warehouse: The size of warehouse is 12 x 30 m. Walls are made of stone bricks, which are in poor condition. There are seen fissures in walls, stone bricks are milled and there are leaving holes. The back wall is completely crumbled, giving a free access to drums with pesticides. The slate roof has got essential holes. Floor is simply ground. There are no windows, with an exception of hole with a ventilator (which is not functioning). Although, doors are with padlocks, they are in a very bad condition (they are wooden, rotten). Warehouse has 4 sections. In one section there are noticed aluminium drums with an unknown content. In two other sections some mechanic equipment is stored. In the forth section, with the back wall demolished, drums and bags with obsolete pesticides are presented.
Perimeter: On warehouse territory, at 15 m distance to the south, the station of solution preparation is located (in functioning condition). To the west, ruins of other demolished building are detected (according to the mayor’s statement it was deposit for fertilizers storage). Both drainage and collecting water systems for evaporation ground are missing. Warehouse is not fenced and not protected against wind affection. Warning labels and precautions are missing
Surroundings: Warehouse is situated at the hill between Ursoaia, Hutulu and Lebedenco villages on a slope with a declivity of 12-15 degrees. There are no wind protection means. There were not noticed any steep slopes and ravines, which would contribute to pesticide run off. Nevertheless, warehouse location and its physical condition do not assure a security against pesticide-contaminated run off to the directions of Ursoaia and Lebedenco villages. Vegetation cover near and at vicinity of warehouse is permanent, thus increasing the risk of run-off. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: The distance to the nearest village Ursoaia is approximately 300 – 350 m. Village school and children garden are situated at the border of this locality. To the north and west directions, and at the distance from warehouse of 50 m and 30 m respectively, an arable field is situated. The pasture is located at 10 m from deposit. Near and at warehouse territory animal spoors are noticed. The slope from warehouse is also used as a pasture (one grass band with 100 m width on the direction to the east). At 500 m to the north, storehouse for cereals is situated. At 100 m to the east, the poultry incubator is located. To the west, at the distance of about 700 m, Lebedenco village is situated, where the Cahul river flows and downstream is forming a reservoir (leased by local farmers for future development of fish-farming). On the eastern direction to Ursoaia village, another small stream is flows (700 m). To the east and to the direction of Lebedenco village, at 300 m downwards on the slope, a pig farm is situated. Behind warehouse on the direction of south, at approximate 400-500 m the animal cemetery is placed.
Findings:
• Ownership of warehouse is not clear.
• Physical condition of warehouse is deplorable.
• Warehouse is not guarded; fenced and free access of peoples and livestock is evident.
• Ground floor allows infiltration of pesticides into the groundwater.
Warehouse is located on the peak of the hill, near industrial areas, farm (incubator 100 m, pig farm 300 m), school (300 m) and kindergarten (600 m).
• Warehouse is situated near urban localities.
• Livestock is grazing in and passing warehouse area at close proximity to it.
• Slope declivity allow pesticide contaminated run off easily reach the Cahul river and subsequently into the fish reservoir.
• Urgent evacuation of pesticides stock and further de-contamination is recommended.
8 Causeni rayon
General
There are 48 localities in Causeni rayon, including 2 towns (Causeni and Cainari). The distance from Chisinau to Causeni is 60 km. The total area is 1316 km2 dominated by agricultural lands, occupied of 10478 ha (78,2%). The private agricultural plots constitute 82,8%. The total population is 90600 people. The urban population is 22000 (24,2%) and rural 68700(75,8%) inhabitants. The main automobile road is R30 (Anenii Noi – Stefan Voda). Railway lines are available and connecting Causeni with Chisinau, Tighina and Basarabeasca and Causeni with Chisinau and Cainari (under construction).
Environment
Relief: The relief is a waving plain, which is dismembered by the river dales and ravines. The maximum altitude is 253 m.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -3,5(C, in July +21.5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,4-8,8(C. The average annual precipitation is 425 mm. Calculated maximum of torrent rainfall may reach up to 120-140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated direction (rosette) of winds are East, Northeast and Southeast. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and northwestern is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavorable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (V-XI) |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |8-49 |50 |Winter – spring, 6-18 days |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-30 |33 days |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |15 |17 | |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |38 |49 |115 days (1949) |
|Fogs |46 |77 |197 hours (1966) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 |21 days (1953-54) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |10-17 |15 days (1957-58) |
|Storms (IV-VIII months) |33 |45 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The principal water streams are: Cogilnic (33 km), Schinoasa (8km), Ialpug (8 km). Local water resources estimated as 15,0 mln m3. There are 6 springs, 2018 shallow wells, 134 artesian borehole wells, out of the total number of drinking water supply sources, which is 2158. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient due to the dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soils: According to geographical classification, Cimislia rayon belongs to the Danubian steppe of the typical, calcareous and cambic chernozioms region with stains of forest xerophyte’s, sodic and vertisol chernozioms. The most spread soil types are typical and calcareous chernozioms (56,0%) and xerophyte. At the river dales and meadows there are stratified alluvial soils and weak salinizated and sodic chernozioms are observed. Eroded soils occupy an area of 33749,0 ha (11,5% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,0 m up to 15-20 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation, which was maintained in some places, is steppe. The forests and forest plantations occupy an area of 11556 ha (12,5%). The largest Hungarian oak forests are situated near Cimislia town.
Fauna: The fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), wolf, steppe polecat (Mastela eversmani), and from birds partridge (Perdix perdix), magpie, forest tuft (Asio otus) and others are presented as a wildlife in the limits of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |„Cotofana” steep slope, Gura Galbena village |10,5 ha |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Hirtopul Moisei Mihailovca village |15 ha |
|Landscape reserves: | | |
| |Steep slopes from Cimislia |256 ha |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in town Cimislia.
Pesticides warehouses
Actually, repackaging is in progress. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are found in warehouse Gura Galbena (80 kg of gheptaclor). Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is 1,3%. According to last inventory data obsolete pesticides should be evacuated from 12 warehouses to one central selected in the town Cimislia. In total it is expected to stock approximately 150 t of pesticides.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Gura Galbena |4184 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |80 kg gheptaclor |
|Sarata Nou |4102 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Lipoveni |2973 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Valea Perjei |4501 |- |6 |Inventoty data |
|Sagaidac |3775 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Mereni |1240 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Suric |1410 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Ciucur Minjir |12282 |- |250 |Inventoty data |
|Dimitrovca |937 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Albina |2711 |- |71 |Inventoty data |
|Cenac |2412 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Marienfeld |1661 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Cimislia |14875 | |455 | |
|Total: |57063 |- |782 | |
|Central warehouse Cimislia |141714 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Evacuation and repackaging in progress. Partly accumulated|
| | | | |in the central warehouse. Not all stock is adequately |
| | | | |packed. |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Cimislia)
General: As it was reported by administration of Cimislia town centralisation of obsolete pesticides is finished. At present there are stocked 131,2 tones of dry and 18 tones of liquid pesticides respectively, It belongs to “DimTactAgro” SRL since 1998. Warehouse was built over 30 years ago as pesticide and mineral fertilizers deposit; reconstruction has not been done. After discussion with local authorities it was established, that in 2004 just after centralisation to be completed, and as the result of contact of different types of chemicals from bags with rainfall water, which infiltrates through the roof, the spontaneous ignition took place. The fireplace centre was localized and burned out. The warehouse is endowed with electric energy, minimal fire-prevention equipment, permanently guarded and has got the authorisation. At the same time the head of the SRL. Population and local administration are worried about warehouse and stocks condition.
Warehouse: Stone blocks built the warehouse, and walls are in an acceptable condition. The roof is of concrete plates with ruberoid but damaged as numerous leakage areas has been identified inside of building. Floor is reinforced with concrete, but with fissures. Windows are with metal bars and boards. Doors are made from wood and covered by metal sheets, sealed with padlock. The warehouse is composed of 3 sections, 2 big sections with piles of bags up to windows level and plastic and metal drums, which occupy the entire inside space. The third section is a small one, also with piles of bags and old metal drums. Near warehouse and inside a strong smell of chemicals is felt.
Perimeter: Near warehouse the solution preparation station, concrete plot for transport, hole for lime, keeper’s houses are located. Rainfall evacuation system is partially functional, and includes concrete canal, concrete and non-concrete basins where run-off is collected. The evaporation plot is not functioning. The territory has no fence.
Surroundings: The warehouse is situated in the lower part of the slope, which is moderately bent to the northeast. Downwards there is a depression where run-off to the lateral pastures and neighbour ponds is leak. The areas around the warehouse are covered with grass and passes into the pastures that limits the depression (the natural canal) of precipitation leakage. According to the warehouse workers’ statements the phreatic waters are at the depth of 2-5 m. Soils are typical loamy chernozem.
Sensitive end-points: Following sensitive end-points has been identified: vineyard (50 m from warehouse), arable lands (10 m), pasture (20-30 m), forest (10 m) and small water stream and pond (100-150 m)
Access to site: The distance from the main road is about 500 m. The road is a moderate sloping with a numerous eroded places and it is difficult to use it even in dry period. In case of precipitation the road is non-passable.
Findings:
• Technical status of warehouse is not enough secured long-term storage.
• Roof is damaged and allows penetration of rainfall water inside the building.
• Pesticides are packed in plastic bags (some of them are broken) and they are stored in enormous piles.
• Repackaging inside can be very problematic and may required evacuation of pesticides outside.
• Absence of fence favours non-authorised access even the territory is guarded.
• Strong chemical smell indicates possible contamination.
• Through air dispersion on the range of 300 m the forest, pastures, lake, vineyard and arable lands can be contaminated
• Through run-off the downward pastures, small stream and pond may be contaminated. Infiltration to the shallow water is highly possible
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Selemet)
General: The warehouse was built and put into operation in 1973, serving as a stocking, storing and distribution place of pesticide and mineral fertilizers. The building was built according to the design with capacity of about 300 t. Two sections were rebuilt between years 1980-1981. Currently warehouse was allocated as land share, and in 1996 the owner became the peasant Household „Nichiforciuc”. According to the ecological inspector’s and local administration statements part of pesticides from warehouse were evacuated in 2004: in total 14 t of unused and forbidden pesticides (liquid and solid). There were real cases of falling ill of the people, who worked in close relation with pesticides. At present, there are still non-evacuated chemical substances are kept without any guarding.
Warehouse: The warehouse has 6 sections and one administrative block adjacent to it (18 × 40 m). Walls are made from stone blocks, concrete and bricks, their technical condition are unsafe (fissures, slits, ground stone blocks). Roof (ceiling) is concrete plates and ruberoid. Floor is reinforced with concrete. Doors and windows are completely missing, what is why access inside the building is free. The unknown chemical substance smell is felt at a considerable distance from the warehouse (20-30 m). In one section a pile of non-evacuated chemical substances was found near the wall (approximate 3-4 t or even more). In adjustment section kids pictured walls and chalk drawings are remaining.
Perimeter: The perimeter is approximately 50×60 m. Rainfall collection and evacuation canals are located around the fence’s piles without net. The perimeter territory is not fenced.
Surroundings: The warehouse is situated in the western part of the Selemet village, on the middle part of the slope slightly bent to the village. In the southern part of the warehouse the forest is located, which presents an obstacle to the wind. Upwards the warehouse, on the slope, a dam is situated. The phreatic waters are at the depth of over 5 m (visual valuation according to the Schinoasa rivulet meadow).
Sensitive end-points: Immediate from warehouse considerable sized pasture is situated. Upwards (at a distance of 150 m) the tractor brigade and downwards (100 m) the car workshop and garage are located. At 150 m to the south a forest is situated, and downwards (30 m) a new acacia forest growing. The dwelling zone of Selemet village is situated downhill on the slope at a distance of 250 – 300 m. According to the mayor’s statements there are approximate 4474 people, 192 wells and approximately 700 cattle and 300 sheep in the village.
Findings:
• Warehouse is partly demolished with remains of un-known chemical substances
• Access is free both for human and livestock.
• Air dispersion may affect pastures, industrial zone, forest and some dwelling houses, which are located in the risk zone
• Infiltration and run-off may affect village areas, groundwater and neighbour vegetation.
10 Chisinau municipality, Criuleni and Dubasari rayons
General
Chisinau municipality includes 34 settlements, from which 7 towns: Chisinau, capital of Moldova and Singera, Durlesti, Vatra, Codru, Vadul lui Voda and Cricova. There are 43 settlements in Criuleni rayon, with 1 town – Criuleni. There are 11 villages in Dubasari rayon. The total area of Chisinau municipality is 568 km2, whereas the agricultural land is occupies 32115 ha (56,6%), including private ones at the territory covered about 72,0%. The total area of Criuleni rayon is 691km2, including agricultural land spreading at 52350 ha (76%), including the private one constitutes 83%. The total area of Dubasari rayon is 309 km2, whereas the agricultural land is covered 19046 ha (74%), from which the private one constitutes 83 %.
The total population in Chisinau municipality is 716500 people. The urban population constitutes 647500 (90,4%) and rural ones - 69000 people (9,6%). The total population of Criuleni rayon is 72300 people. The urban community constitutes 7100 (10%) and rural ones - 65200 people (90%). The total population in Dubasari rayon is 34000 rural inhabitants.
The road of international importance is – M21 (Chisinau-Kotovsck-Ucraine). The main roads as R4 (Chisinau – Criuleni) and R5 (Chisinau – Vadul lui Voda) are available, as well as railway line (Chisinau-Odessa).
Environment
Relief: The relief is hilly plain, which is slightly bent from the west and is dismembered by the river valleys and ravines. The maximum altitude is 270 m. Landslide processes are highly developed.
Climate:. The monthly average temperature in January is -3,5(C, in July +21,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 7,8-8,4(C. The average annual precipitation is 440 mm. The torrent rainfall volume calculated at 1% probability may reach up to 140 mm. Precipitation, as in the whole Republic of Moldova, fall irregular, their maximum happen in July and August. Most frequent they fall as torrent rainfalls. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. The most frequent direction (rosette) of winds is North and Northeast.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail |1 |7 |32 min. |
|Strong wind |45 |55 |Winter-spring –6-18 days; 88 days (in |
| | | |1952) |
|Fogs |34 |67 |40 hours; 13 days |
|Slipperiness |10 |30 |37 days (in 1948) |
|Snow storms |5-10 |9-18 | |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |233 hours (1955) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |23 |23 days (1946) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |65 |Winter – spring –6-18 days; 127 days |
| | | |(1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours; |
| | | |19 days (1966) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-30 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 | |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |233 hours (1955) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |23 |23 days (1946) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours (1954) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-15 |10 days (1968) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |14 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |31 |40 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The principal water streams are: Prut (36 km) with tributaries Sovetul Mare (26,4 km), Sovetul Mic (23 km), Sovetul de Jos (Obreja) (15,6 km), Girla Mare (24,2km) and tributaries of Raut river – Ciulucul Mare (8,3 km), Ciulucul Mijclociu (15,8 km). On Sovetul Mare River near Albinuitul Vechi village the aquatic basin with total volume of 1,43 mln m3 is located. On Girla Mare River near Sarata Noua and Scumpia villages two reservoirs has been build with capacity of 1,03 and 1,02 mln m3. In total there are about 116 water reservoirss in rayon and local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 48,6 mln m3. There are 2 springs, 6814 shallow wells, and 158 borehole wells. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soils: Falesti rayon lies within the province of the Northern Moldavian forest steppe, of the typical and cambic chernozems region with spots of podzolic chernozem and Grey Forest soils of the middle Prut forest steppe. Dominated soils are typical and cambic chernozems. The grey forest soils are also met, which occupy water divide areas. Eroded soils occupy an area of 31906 ha (39,3% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters:. Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,5 m up to 15-25 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 11254 ha (10,5%). The greatest oak, maple, ash tree, lime forests are situated near Izvoare (889 ha), Calinesti (429 ha), Rediu (287 ha), Risipeni villages and Falesti town. On salinizated and marshy soils in small rivers meadows sedge (Carex) and bulrush (Scirpus) grow.
Fauna. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), ground squirrel; and birds as: partridge (Perdix), big and small turtle, skylark, magpie and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Scientific reserves | | |
| |„Padurea Domneasca” Glodeni and Falesti areas |6032 ha |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Botanical | | |
|Typical areas of forest vegetation |Calinestii Mici; Calinesti village |7 units |
|Secular trees: |English oak, Copaceni Nagornoe |1 unit |
|Landscape reserves | | |
| |Izvoare – Risipeni villages |1162 ha |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in Hitresti village from the Falesti rayon.
Pesticides warehouses
At the time being repackaging of obsolete pesticides are not begun. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not reported by the last inventory. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is not estimated because there are no corresponding and reliable information. The central warehouse has been selected in village Hitresti where foreseen to stock about 61141 kg.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Hitresti |3400 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Selected as a central warehouse |
|Pinzareni |7200 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Falesti |2600 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Navirnet |17360 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Iscalau |17070 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Obreja Veche |3000 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Glinjeni |16190 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Hiliuti |200 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Natalievca |722 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Total: |52379 |n.d.a |n.d.a |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Central warehouse – | | | |It is expected to store over 60 000 kg of |
|Hitresti village | | | |obsolete pesticides |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Hitresti village)
General: The warehouse was built in 1983 in accordance with the project, foredoomed for storage of different chemicals from Falesti rayon. The project documentation is kept at the director, but it was not shown to survey group. Presently “FERTILITATE SMA” at owns warehouse. It is expected that obsolete pesticides from rayon will be stocked in one section. According to statement of the “FERTILITATE SMA” director, this decision was approved at rayon without consultation with the manager. He did not agree with decision done. Warehouse is in a good condition, and reparation is not needed,. There is enough space to stock all existing old pesticides from rayon.. The warehouse is located near rayon centre, and near the main road that leads to Chisinau.
Warehouse: The warehouse has been build from stone bricks, and it is in a good condition. The roof is with slates. Windows are without glass, but with bars. Doors are made from wood and covered with metal sheets and locked with padlock. The floor is concreted. There is enough space for stocking the rest of pesticides within the limits of the rayon. The size of the doors allows the entrance of the transport unit inside building. Currently there are 3400 kg of obsolete pesticides is stored.
Perimeter: The warehouse is located on the territory of the Fertilitate SMA, where some other constructions as – maize, agricultural technics and household materials storage, are placed. The territory area is slightly bent to the west, rounded with wired fence. Some fence sections are missing. The total area of the SMA Fertilitate is 6,93 ha. There is guard. Electric power and telephone are also available. The accumulation basin is muded and partially demolished. At 3 m from warehouse a well used by personall for drinking purposes is located.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the middle part of the slope, with a moderate inclination (3-60) with the exposition to the east. Near warehouse another demolished pesticide and mineral fertilizers deposit is located where pesticides residuals are placed in open conditions. The distance to Girla Mare river meadow is approximately 2,5 km, and up to Hitresti village is 2 km. The phreatic waters are at the depth of 1,5-2 m as it has been identified in well, located at 3 m from warehouse. Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from warehouse the extensive arable lands are located. At 3 m from warehouse a well with drinking water is located. Around this warehouse a big hoiusehold village dump is placed.
Access to site: The distance from warehouse perimeter to the main road is 50 m. The road is gravel one and in a good condition.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in relatively good technical condition, whereas some loopholed slate sheets need to be replaced.
• There are conditions and space to pack and store all existing pesticides stock from rayon
• Access on the territory is forbidden (the guard is present) and protected by a wired fence, but in some places the fence integrity is missing.
• There is a stock of obsolete pesticides in one section but in neighbouring ones the maize, agricultural technics and household materials are stored now.
• There are conditions to load and unload pesticides inside warehouse.
• Access road is in a good status.
• Air pollution may affect arable lands.
• Phreatic waters are not deep, so infiltration may affect groundwater and drinking well.
Brief report on field survey (old warehouse, Glinjeni village)
General: The warehouse was built in 1970 according to the project (the documents are missing now). Initially it served as pesticides and mineral fertilizers deposit for local sovkhoz. At present warehouse is maintained by Bezeni Agro SRL (formed on the basis of former sovkhoz). The warehouse was never repaired, but it was in good condition till 1998, as there were stored pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Nowadays, warehouse is partially demolished and out of use. The roof is completely missing, and there are still present some pesticides in demolished sections. It is estimated that about 2 tonnes of chemicals are remaining in open air. As local administration reporting there are some inspections from rayon which made a few deeds, but no measures were taken because it required high expenditures. According to the mayor’s statements the local people know about the danger that this warehouse can cause. Downstream on the river a lot of lakes, which were used for fish growing and irrigation, but approximately 5-8 years ago, they were dripped up because they were affected by pesticides pollution, being brought by surface run off. Local population waits for beginning of pesticides evacuation activity, because they are stored in open conditions and showered by rain and run-off directly to local rivulet riverbed.
Warehouse: The warehouse’s walls are made from stone bricks, which is partly demolished. The roof is completely missing (it was covered with slates). Windows and doors are demolished and only holes are remained. The floor is concrete but have a lot of holes and loopholes. On the warehouse foundation the white, blue, yellow, brown coloured signs of flows are noticed, demonstrating intense run off of pesticides from warehouse’s sections to surrounding areas.
Perimeter: The drainage network, accumulation basin and evaporation surface are missing. Between station for solution preparation and warehouse a ramified ravine with 2-3 m depth lies, which develops up to warehouse perimeter. The fence is missing. Within perimeter several signs of solid and liquid pesticides residuals and run-off pollution are found.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope of Ciulucul Mediu river valley, at a distance of 300 m to the west, northwest regarding Glinjeni village. The slope has an exposition to the south, being affected by the ramified ravines, upwards and downwards from warehouse. Downward the pasture area is located, affected by ravines which spreading ap to the river. In parallel with warehouse, to the solution preparation station a permanently humid marsh is located. Uphill and to the village direction, a shallow well is placed, where people frequently come to take drinking water. The phreatic waters are at the depth of 2-3 m. Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: Within the radius of 300 m from warehouse following sensitive end-points are found: arable lands, Glinjeni village periphery (300 m), pastures, and Ciulucul Mediu river floodplain and water course (100 m), local spring and small brook (20 m from the warehouse, being supplied with water from marshy area). Run-off pollution may affect pastures and local surface water streams as well as groundwater.
Findings:
• Warehouse is partially demolished; doors, windows and roof are completely missing.
• Approximately 2 tonnes of obsolete pesticides are stored inside construction, which are exposed to rain pattering and wind blowing.
• There were cases of poisoning of fish in downstream lakes. According to the villagers’ statements fish meat smells like DDT compound.
• Non-authorised access is free, because fence and warning labels are missing.
• Contamination risk is evident by air dispersion (arable land, pastures, village and surface water), by run-off (pastures and river meadow, dowstreams lakes) and by infiltration through the soil.
15 Floresti rayon
General
There are 77 localities in Floresti rayon, including 3 towns (Floresti, Ghindesti, Marculesti). The distance from Chisinau to Floresti is 126 km. The total area is 1108 km2, including agricultural lands at the territory of 89672 ha (81%). Private agriculture incorporates about 14 % of productive lands. The total population is 89400 people and includes urban 17100 (19 %) and rural 72300 (82%) population. International roadway is – M2 (Chisinau –Soroca- the Ukraine.) and main road is R18 (Singerei - Floresti). Railway is available and connects Floresti with Ocnita and Balti towns, as well as with Rezina, Ribnita and Slobodca (the Ukraine) towns.
Environment
Relief: Rayon is located in limits of the Balti plain, Prenistru Plateau. In the south its partially occupies the Solonet – Ciuluc Plateau. The maximum altitude is 328,6 m (Cerpcau Hills).
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -4,5(C, in July +20,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,2-8,6 (C. The average annual precipitation is 475 mm. The maximal torrent rainfall calculated at 1% probability range is up to 140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds are: East, Northeast and Southeast. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and northwestern is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |45 |65 |Winter and spring (6-18 days); 127 days |
| | | |(in 1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours; 19 days (in 1966) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-30 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 | |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |38 |49 |115 days (1949) |
|Fogs |46 |77 |197 hours (1966) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 |21 days (1953-54) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |10-17 |15 days (1957-58) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |33 |45 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The most principal water streams are: Ialpugul Mare (47,5 km), Ialpugel (43,0 km), Lunga (78,0 km), Lunguta (84,0 km), Cahul (33 km). Important water reservoirs are located near Comrat town (capacity 2,60 mln m3), Congaz village (volume 5,1 mln m3) and transboundary Cahul Lake near Etulia village. The local water resources volume constitutes 32,3 mln m3. There are: 3 springs, 1731 mine wells, 385 artesian wells, out of the total number of drinkable water supply resources, which is 2069. The water quality from the decentralised sources is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soil cover. According to the geographical-pedological classification, the Gagauzia ATU belongs to the Danubian steppe province. Its presents the typical, calcareous and cambic chernozem region of the Hungarian oak forest steppe of the South-Moldavian hilly-wavy plain. To the south of Vulcanesti town the ATU includes the subregion of calcareous chernozem fromt the Danubian plain. Dominated soils are calcareous and typical chernozem. Eroded soils occupy an area of 57337ha (38,8 % from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters. The shallow ground water level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,0 m up to 15-20 m on water divide.
Flora. The natural vegetation, which remaining, is steppe. The forests (forest plantations) occupy an area of 4614 ha (6,8%). The greatest oak, maple, acacia, walnut tree, mazzard lime, forests are situated near Besalma (247 ha), Tomai (309 ha), Desghinja (174 ha), Sadic (136 ha) villages and Comrat town (184 ha).
Fauna. Fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), steppe polecat, ground squirrel and birds as partridge (Perdix), skylark, white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and others can be found in limits of region.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and pleonthological sites: |Rockness „Baurci”, Congaz village |1 ha |
| |Steep slopes, Ciadir-Lunga town |10 ha |
| |Geological section from Ialpug river valley, |5,6 ha |
| |Comrat town | |
| |Clay rockness, Etulia village |10 ha |
| |Cismichioi steep slope, Chismichioi village |3 ha |
|Hydrological sites: |Spring from Copceac village |1,5 ha |
| | | |
|Botanical sites: | | |
|Secular trees: |English oak, Congaz |32 units |
|Nature reserves | | |
|Herbs |Bugeac village |56 ha |
|Resource reserves | | |
|Typical chernozem of the Danubian steppe zone |Bugeac village |4 ha |
|Areas of myltifunctional use | | |
|Steppe vegetation sector |Bugeac village |4 ha |
| |Dezghingea village |15 ha |
The state protected nature monuments are situated aside from the influence area of centralal warehouses in Bugeac, Gaidar and Cismichioi villages.
Pesticides warehouses
At present moment centralisation and repackaging are in progress. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are registered in several warehouses: toxaphen in Dezghinjea, Tomai, Avdarma, and gheptaclor - in Chiriet Lunga. The quota of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is 60%.
At present time there are stocked 77200 kg in Comrat sector, 68736 kg in Ceadir Lunga and 61000 kg in Vulcanesti sectors.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comments |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Vulcanesti sector | | | | |
|Cismichioi |8660 |- |- |Central warehouse for Vulcanesti sector |
|Vulcanesti |3300 |1200 |1000 |Evacuated |
|Cirbolia |1000 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Sub-total |12960 |1200 |1000 |Evacuated |
|Comrat sector | | | | |
|Bugeac |65000 |0000 |15000 |Central warehouse for Comrat sector |
|Dezghingea |12000 |2600 |2000 |500 kg toxaphen (POPs), evacuated |
|Besalma |5800 |- |5000 |Evacuated |
|Svetlii |1400 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Chirsovo |7810 |11000 |3820 |Evacuated |
|Congaz |30760 |10000 |10000 |Evacuated |
|Avdarma |8590 |670 |850 |230 kg toxaphen (POPs), evacuated |
|Congazcic |3000 |- |3000 |Evacuated |
|Cioc-Maidan |16500 |2800 |9700 |Evacuated |
|Sub-total |150860 |67170 |19370 | |
|Ceadir Lunga sector | | | | |
|Gaidar |4300 |2000 |2300 |Central warehouse for Ceadir-Lunga sector |
|Ceadir Lunga |8130 |4080 |4050 |Evacuated |
|Cazaclia |8160 |3500 |- |Evacuated |
|Tomai |21800 |150 |200 |400 kg toxaphen (POPs), evacuated |
|Bezghioz |4045 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Baurci |10880 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Chiriet Lunga |6674 |1200 |300 |200 kg gheptaclor (POPs), evacuated |
|Congac |900 |900 |- |Evacuated |
|Djoltai |5190 |800 |2000 |Evacuated |
|Sub-total |70079 |1263 |8850 | |
|Total on GATU |233899 |81000 |59220 |1330 kg POPs pesticides |
|Central warehouses – | | | |Currently, 61000 kg are stored in Grimancauti (Vulcanesti |
|Grimancauti, Bugeac and | | | |sector), 77200 kg in Bugeac (Comrat sector) and 68736 kg |
|Gaidar | | | |in Gaidar (Ceadir Lunga sector) |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Bugeac village, Comrat sector)
General: The warehouse is situated near Bugeac village, 500 m on the direction of southeast. The warehouse is subordinate to Comrat sector’s local administration. The wearehosue is situated at immediate proximity with railroad. Initially warehouse was foredoomed as pesticides storing and distribution place for south part of Moldova. Currently, the obsolete pesticide evacuated from different warehouses ate stored in two sections (one for liquid and one for solid pesticides in polyethelene bags and plastic drums. There were stolen of about 30 new plastic drums packed by pesticides.
Warehouse: The warehouses dimensions are of 20 x 55 m and include four sections. Technical status of building is relatively good. Walls are formed form stone bricks. Roof is slate and concrete, but with few holes. Windows are not equipped and have no glasses. Floor is concrete. Doors are made form metal and locked. In the section with liquid pesticides (approximately 60 drums of 50 itres and 100 drums of 200 litres each) are stored. Access is free (the padlock is missing) and doors are tired by cable. Al warehouses sections are elevated from the ground for loading/unloading purposes. One section is private one.
Perimeter: The warehouse perimeter is not fenced. On the territory a number of other constructions has been investihated as: concrete plot, destroyed weighing machine, accumulation holes, an empty storehouse-hangar. Permanent guarding is not performed (the keeper works at storehouse at 300 – 350 m from warehoiuse and at the bee-garden located at the distance of 100 – 150 m away.
Surroundings: The slope presents an inclination to the northeastern direction (approximately 2-5 degrees). Downwards at 300–400 m a protection forest band is situated.
Sensitive end-points: The pesticide warehouse is located in the industrial zone, but great parts of local enterprises do not function or partially demolished now. A private bee-garden is placed near warehouse (100-150 m). Warehouse is situated in the dry valley but not far from Ialpug river floodplain.
Access to site: Trasportation access can be performed from the Comrat – Cimislia road (the direct distance through the protection band is 250–300 m) or at the police station (800–1000 m). There is a railway line, which goes near warehouse.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in relatively good technical condition, but not fenced and adequately guarded
• Access for transports is secured.
• Warehouse is located near industrial zone and closely to the forest. It is situated at the first terrace of the river Ialpug and potentially contaminated run-off may affecet surface water quality.
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Gaidar village, Ceadir-Lunga sector)
General: The warehouse was built approximately 40-50 years ago. At present moment it is maintained by Plant Protection Inspectorate of Ciadir-Lunga sector. The warehouse is placed on the land of Gaidar village. Warehouse was initaially used for pesticide and mineral fertilizers storage. Because of financial obstacles warehouse hasn’t been guarded since August 2004. As it was reported by local administration there are complains from local population regarding strong pesticide smell originated by warehouse
Warehouse: The warehouse dimensions are 13 x 36 m. Walls are formed from stone bricks, which is relatively good condition. The roof is slates, but with numerous holes. The floor is concrete. Windows are without glass. Doors are locked with padlock. The warehouse is divided into two sections: the big one where bags with pesticides are stored and small one where 200 l plastic drums are kept.
Perimeter: The warehouse perimeter is not fenced. Other constructions on the warehouse territory were not observed. The drainage system, run-off accumulation and evaporation plots are missing. Within perimeter a strong pesticide smell is felt.
Surroundings: The warehouse is situated on the top of the hill; the inclination angle of slope is approximate 10-15 degrees on the northeast.
Sensitive end-points: At limits of 300 m radiuses following sensitive end-points are found: arable lands (5-10 m from warehouse), pasture (300 m), forest band (300 m), surface water pond (400 m), tractor brigade, fuel deposit and mechanical workshop (50 m).
Access to site: To the warehouse leads a gravel road (from village at a distance of 1100 m). During the humid period it can be difficult to use. To Baurci village leads a country road that passes through fields.
Findings:
• Warehouse technical status is relatively good.
• Potential affected end-points are: working places at local industrial zone, arable lands and pastures.
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Cismichioi village, Vulcanesti sector)
General: The warehouse was built according to the design over 30 years ago. The warehouse was foredoomed for pesticide and mineral fertilizers storage. At present, it belongs to „Cesmea” OOO. Capacity is approximately 1000 tonnes. There are already stored liquid and solid obsolete pesticides. The guard of the warehouse is not ensured.
Warehouse: The warehouse dimension is 15 x 35 m. Walls are formed from bricks, and they are in good condition. The roof is concrete plate. One section is foredoomed for pesticide storage. Warehouse’s doors are just bars without padlock. Windows are with bars.
Perimeter: The warehouse perimeter is not fenced. At the territory following constructions are found: asphalted plot, gully for rainwater collection, evaporation plot, and 4 drainage wells (not in operational status) and an accumulation basin. To the northwest at 50-60 m another destroyed warehouse is located as well as foundation of tractor brigade’s building. To the south, at 50 m from warehouse a weighing machine is still present.
Surroundings: The relief is flat, to the west a slight inclination is noticed. Soil erosion was not noticed.
Sensitive end-points: Extensive vyneyards plantations are situated closely to the warehouse.
Access to site: From the main road (Vulcanesti direction) leads an asphalted road (200 m) from which a country road goes (200 m). The country road may present difficulties for trafic in cases of rain.
Findings:
• Technical status of building is acceptable, but reparation of doors and windows would be necessary as well as establishing of gurds
• Warehouse is located within vyneyard fields, far awy from village.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Congaz village, Comrat sector)
General: The warehouse belongs to peasants of Congaz village. The warehouse is situated far away from village, in the field and at 2,4 km distance. The age of the warehouse is over 30 years. The warehouse was foredoomed for pesticide and mineral fertilizers storage. Capacity is more 1000 tonnes. At present, warehouse is out of use and it is half demolished. According to the report form local mayoralty all obsolete pesticides there were evacuated and it is supposed to demolishion remainings of warehouse.
Warehouse: The warehouse dimension is 20 x 65 m. Parts of the building is destroyed. The roof is completely missing as well as windows and doors. Walls are made from concrete plates. The floor is also made from oncrete plates but in some places it was removed by the local people. The warehouse is divided into five sections, from which four are empty (there is a strong pesticide smell inside). In one of sections, abandoned ramainings of construction materials, plastic bags with and without pesticides, 50-60 rusty metal drums (many of them with holes), are placed on the ground in piles. The smell of the pesticide is unbearable in this section.
Perimeter: The warehouse perimeter is not fenced. To the southern direction, from the administrative section of the warehouse (demolished and robbed), two canals those ending in accumulation well are placed. In the northern side a drum for water is buried into the ground.
Surroundings: The warehouse is situated on the top of the hill. To south-west direction inclination of the slope reaches 5 degrees. Phreatic waters are deep. Soils are clayey chernozem.
Sensitive end-points: Following sensitive end-points are registered: pasture, tractor brigade (400 m) and small rivulet (700 m downhill) and arable lands (empty metal drums spread just on the sowing).
Access to site: From Congaz village a country road (2,4 km) connecting warehouse to the paved ones.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in a deplorable condition and halfy demolished.
• Pesticide evacuation was non-correctly performed and many of contaminated remainings has not been evacuated.
• Contaminated area is still present’s danger for local population and environment.
• Pollution may affect arable plantations, pastures, tractor brigade and local rivulet.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Baurci village, Ceadir-Lunga sector)
General: The warehouse was built over 40 years ago. At present, warehouse belongs to «Baurci Agro» association. According to the local administration data, the warehouse was built in accordance with the design as a storage place for pesticide and mineral fertilizers. Capacity is about 1000 tonnes. The warehouse is guarded.
Warehouse: The warehouse dimension is 15 x 66 m. The warehouse walls are from stone bricks blocks, and in relatively good conditions, without loopholes and breaking down. The slate roof is in a good condition. Windows were covered, remaining just the ventilation holes (electrical ventilators do not function). There are four sections. The section with ground floor is foredoomed for mineral fertilizers storage. All 3 remaining sections are locked and sealed (poliethelene bags were noticed visually). In one section, locked as well, pesticides are stored in drums and plastic bags and floor is concrete.
Perimeter: The warehouse territory is fenced with net (in a good condition). The gate is present. On the warehouse door the prevention signs and inventory number are displayed. All windows from the roadside are covered. The keeper’s room is at the distance of 50 m aside the building. On the warehouse territory, at 15 m to the north-east, the chemical processing station for seeds treatment is placed. On the southeastern side from warehouse, at 15 m, the solution preparation station, in a functional condition is located. Around these station two accumulation wells and accumulation basin are situated. The warehouse territory is cobbled (acceptable condition).
Surroundings: The warehouse is situated in the field, far away from village. The field where the warehouse is located has a slight inclination. Phreaic waters are very deep.
Sensitive end-points: To the north (at a 250 m distance) the tractor brigade and cereals storage are placed. Behind the tractor brigade (at 300 m from warehouse) and artesian well is situated (not functional now). On the northwestern direction at 30 m, over the road, the vineyard is located. To the south-east (at 35 m) and to the south (40 m from the warehouse) the arable lands lie (the lands share of the local people).
Findings:
• Warehouse technical status is good and it is located far away from localities. The guard is ensured; the perimeter is fenced.
• Air dispercion may affect cereals deposit, tractor brigade and vineyard.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Vulcanesti town, Vulcanesti sector)
General: The warehouse was built according to design nearly 30 years ago. The warehouse was foredoomed for pesticide storage. Currently the warehouse belongs to „Ghigant OOO” from Vulcanesti town. The maximal volume of warehouse is approximately 300 t. At present, all obsolete pesticides were transported away and warehouse is not in use now. The warehouse’s protection is not ensured. The access into the warehouse is free, but local administration is projecting demolishing of the building.
Warehouse: The warehouse dimension is 15 x 38 m. Stone brick walls are in deplorable condition. The mortar has fallen; in some places loopholes are noticed. Doors are missing. The roof is concrete plates, in good condition. The ventilation holes from the roof are not protected (the penetration of the water during the rains or snowfall). The floor is concreted, loopholed are not noticed. The windows, 6 in number, are without glass and bars. Pesticides from warehouse were evacuated, but inside have remained approximately 10 drums (empty). Around warehouse the pungent pesticide smell persists.
Perimeter: The warehouse is situated at 10 m from the road that leads to the tractor brigade. Between tractor brigade and warehouse two basins and two accumulation wells are placed (20 m from building). All structures are in deplorable condition. The drainage systems, as well as rainwater evacuation structures, are destroyed. To the south (at 25 m) another demolished warehouse is located. On the warehouse vegetation layer fixes perimeter the soil.
To the north-west at 25 m the arable land starts; to the east the arable land is just at the 15 m distance. The distance till the demolished warehouse is 25 m (southern direction). To the northern, north-eastern directions at 60 m the tractor brigade is located.
Surroundings and sensitive end-points: The warehouse is situated far away from the localities, in an open field. To the north-eastern direction at 60 m the tractor brigade is located. Arable plantations round warehouse. In the field (30 m from warehouse) several wells used for irrigation are observed as well as irrigating zones.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in bad technical condition and security is not ensured, access is free.
• Potential contamination may affect arable lands and working places in tractor brigade.
• Not all metal drums were evacuated to the central warehouse and remaining drums are located in the building.
17 Glodeni rayon
General
There are 55 localities in Glodeni rayon, including one central town (Glodeni). The distance from Chisinau to Glodeni is 168 km. The rayon is bordering the Prut River, which is a state border with Romania. The total area is 754 km2, including agricultural lands, which covering 57254 ha (75,9%). The private agriculture is developed on 77,0% of productive lands. The total population is 60968 people. The urban population constitutes 10464 (17,2%) and rural – 50504 inhabitants (82,8%). The main republican road is – R15 (Balti-Glodeni). The railway passes through Glodeni town to Balti one
Environment
Relief: The rayon is located in limits of the Northern Moldavian Plain – Balti plain and the middle Prut plain. It presents a wavy plain, lifted to the east and slightly bent to the west. The tributaries to the Prut river dales and ravines powerfully dismember it. The maximum altitude is 250 m. Near Balatina, Cobani, Butesti and Camenca villages an ancient rifes (toltri) are situated.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -4,5(C, in July +19,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 7,5-7,8 (C. The average annual precipitation is 480 mm. The precipitations, as in the whole Republic of Moldova, fall irregular, their maximal rainfalls happen in July and August. Most frequent they fall as torrent rainfalls. The maximal torrent rainfall calculated at 1% probability range is up to 130 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3,5 m/s. Dominated winds are: East, North-East and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; south-western is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|occurrence) | | | |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours (1954) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-15 |10 (1968) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |14 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |31 |40 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The principal water streams are: Prut (25 km) with tributaries Camenca (28 km), Glodeanca (25,0 km), Galdarusa (36,0 km), Sovetul Mic (13,5 km) and the tributaries of the Raut river (Copaceanca and Recea). On Galdarusa River near Danu and Viisoara villages several big reservoirs with total volume of 1,1 and 2,54 mln m3 are located. On Sovet river and near Limbenii Noi village the reservoir with total water volume of 1,18 mln m3 is located. Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 38,9 mln m3. There are 3 springs, 4517 shallow wells, and 79 borehole wells. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soils: Glodeni rayon is situated within the province of the Northern Moldavian forest steppe, of the typical and cambic chernozems region with spots of podzolic chernozem and Grey Forest soils of the middle Prut forest steppe. Dominated soils are typical and cambic chernozems. The grey forest soils are also met. Eroded soils occupy an area of 22197,0 ha (38,8% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,0 m up to 15-25 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 9755,4 ha (12,9%). The greatest oak, maple, ash tree, lime forests are situated near Domneasca (3278 ha), Lipovet (1130 ha), Luparia (485 ha) villages.
Fauna. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), ground squirrel; and birds as: partridge (Perdix), big and small turtle, skylark, magpie and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Scientific reserves | | |
|Forests |„Padurea Domneasca”, Glodeni and Falesti areas |6032 ha |
| | | |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Cheile Butesti, Butesti village |110 ha |
| |Stinca Mare, Cobani village |105 ha |
|Botanical sites: | | |
|Secular trees: |English oak, Hijdieni village |7 units |
| |Pear tree arboretum, Hijdieni village |2 units |
| |English oak, Hijdieni village |1 unit |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse candidates from Sturzovca and Cuhnesti villages from the Glodeni rayon.
Pesticides warehouses
At the time being repackaging and centralisation of obsolete pesticides are not begun. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have not been reported by the last inventory. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is not estimated because of absence of corresponding and reliable information. Central warehouse in Glodeni rayon is not selected yet. It is foreseen to stock about 32 tonnes (PIU, 2005).
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Sturzovca | |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Candidate to be central warehouse |
|Cuhnesti |680 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Candidate to be central warehouse |
|Danu |4675 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Iablona |2670 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Camenca |1240 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Ciuculea |2675 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Fundurii Vechi |1410 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Cobani |800 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Balatina |1190 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Viisoara |700 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Other villages |26200 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Total |42250 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Portion of un-known pesticides can not be |
| | | | |estimated at the time being |
|At the time being two | | | | |
|canditates are considered| | | | |
|to be central warehouse | | | | |
|in rayon – Sturzovca and | | | | |
|Cuhnesti deposits | | | | |
Brief report on field survey (candidate central warehouse, Sturzovca village)
General: The warehouse has been built in 1971 according to the design and was not significantly repaired yet. It was pre-selected as central warehouse for storing of obsolete pesticides. Originally it was in use for keeping of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Last years it was mostly used as storage place for mineral fertilizers. The stock of mineral fertilisers is actually stored. The warehouse belongs to „Bitav Prim” SRL as land share of local agricultural association members. According to mayor’s statements previously it was some cases of pesticide burglaries.
Warehouse: The warehouse’s walls are built with limestone, but currently walls have several loopholes. Some of stone bricks are missing. External sides of walls are covered by metal sheets, which in a greater part are missing too. Roofs are concrete plates, covered by ruberoid, over which the slate sheets are placed. Doors are made from wood and locked. Windows have the metal bars. Floor is concrete. The size of doors allows entering of transport unit inside warehouse. There is enough space for stocking all old and obsolete pesticides, existing within limits of the rayon. The guard is present.
Perimeter: Inside the warehouse perimeter (about 1 ha) there are: two remains of former constructions are located as well as a small room for the guard. The drainage system has been build, but it was muded by sediments in 1994-1996, as well as run-off evacuation channels. The evaporation surface and the accumulation basin are made of concrete plates, in some places with loopholes. The territory is covered by asphalt, which is old with some loopholes. The perimeter is fenced with wooden fence and metal net, but some portions of fence are missing. A weak small of pesticides is felt.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the upper part of the slope, with a slight inclination to the north. Closely to warehouse, a wetland area is situated where a local brook has starts. The stream flows into the lake. The phreatic waters are at the depth of about 2 m. Soils are clayey.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from warehouse following land-use is situated: arable lands, pastures, small river and forest. Downhill a spring (50 m) that flows into the lake (300 m) is found. Downstream there is another water reservoir (1000 m). To the north and at a distance of approximately 2 km Sturzovca village is located (with 5000 people, 7000 wells, 550 cattle, 1200 sheep).
Access to site: The distance from warehouse till the main road (Glodeni-Sturzovca-Balti) is 30 m. The road is asphalted, in a good condition.
Findings:
• Warehouse required reparation before storing of obsolete pesticides.
• Capacity is enought to store all stock of obsolete pesticides from rayon. Re-packaging can be implemeted inside the building. Guarding is in force.
• By air dispersion of potentially contaminated particles following land0use may be affected – arable plots, pastures, forest and spring.
• Potentially contaminated run-off may affect wetland area, pasture, and water quality of small brook, discharging to local lake.
• Quality of groundwater may be affected considering that the first aquifer is located at the depth of 2-3 m below warehouse.
Brief report on field survey (candidate central warehouse, Cuhnesti village)
General: The warehouse was built in accordance with the project in 1986; and ever since it was not under repair. It was designated for pesticide and mineral fertilizers storaging. Last decade it was not used. A few times ago warehouse assets were allotted as land share to the members of local agricultural association. There is stock of old pesticides in warehouse now. According to mayor’s statements warehouse was built according to the design, which was elaborated by „Agropromstroi”. It is one of the biggest warehouses from rayon. The mayor considers that pollutants from warehouse do not affect vicinity territories, because downstream, along the warehouse perimeter an accumulation basin and evaporation surface, which is still in acceptable condition, are placed. At the pesticide activities about 200 workers were previously involved and they suffer from different diseases nowadays, some have passed away at the age of 50-55 years old.
Warehouse: The warehouses are built with limestone and bricks, which are in generally good condition, even to the fact, what in some places small loopholes are found. The roof is concrete plates and covered by ruberoid. Doors are made from wood and locked. Some of windows have bars, but glasses are missing. The floor is concrete. Visual inspection indicated that pesticides are stored in bags on the shelves and in drums right on the floor. There are also some pesticides piles placed right on the floor. Two sections (15 x 4 m) out of 4 are designated for pesticides storage now. There is enough space for stocking all old pesticides, existing within limits of the rayon. At present about of 8490 kg of obsolete pesticides, including 1500 kg of liquid and 6990 kg of solid are stored. The guard is available.
Perimeter: Inside warehouse perimeter (10 ha) besides inventored warehouse there are: one deposit for mineral fertilizers, solution preparation station with a capacity of 50 tones, partially demolished construction, which served for agricultural technics storage, constructions just with concrete piles and the slate roof for seed treatment, separate boiler-house building, other constructions with technics washing and repair space. The drainage network is available, but it was blocked by mud. Evaporation and accumulation basins are made from concrete plates, in some places with loopholes, and at their limits some shrubs grow. The territory is partly covered by asphalt, which is damaged at several areas. Fence is missing as well as warning labels.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope, with a slight inclination to the southwest. The phreatic waters are at the depth of 1-2 m (according to depth of nearest well). Soils are predominantly sandy.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from warehouse the arable lands lie. These lands are placed down and upperhill regarding warehouse position. At immediate proximity an acacia plantations were planted last year. To the south, at a distance of approximately 1,5 km Cuhnesti village is located (with 3200 people, 223 wells, 440 cattle, 1053 sheep).
Access to site: The distance from warehouse till the main road (Cuhnesti-Bolotino) is approximately 1000 m. The road is made from gravel, and currently it is in a good condition.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in relatively good technical status, but reparation is required.
• There are enough space for storing of existing obsolete pesticides from the raion
• Access on the territory is free; there is no fence and warning labels.
• The warehouse needs a repair of the windows;
• Potential contamination of arable lands may happens due to wing dispersion
18 Hincesti rayon
General
There are 63 localities in Hincesti rayon, including one central town (Hincesti). The distance from Chisinau to Hincesti is 36 km. The rayon is bordering the Prut River, which is a state border with Romania. The total area is 1472 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 93803 ha (63,7%). The private agriculture is developed in 82,5% of productive lands. The total population is 119800 people. The urban population constitutes 15300 (12,7%) and rural - 104500 inhabitants (87,3%). The main automobile roads are – R3 (Chisinau -Hincesti), R33 (Hincesti - Leuseni) and M1 (Chisinau –Nisporeni-Leuseni- Romania), and R34 (Hincesti - Cahul).
Environment
Relief: The northeastern part of rayon is elevated and it is situated in limits of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru). The southwestern part is situated in limits of the Southern Moldova plain. Soil erosion and landslides phenomenon are highly developed.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -3,5(C, in July +21,0(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,5-9,0 (C. The average annual precipitation is 500 mm. The maximum torrent rainfall, calculated at the rate of 1% probability, may reaches up to 130-140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds are from East, Northeast and Southeast. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and northwestern is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavorable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail |2 |8 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |5-7 |20 |Winter -spring (6-18 days) |
|Fogs |34 |67 |16 days (in 1950 year); 12 hours |
|Slipperiness (X-V) |10 |15 |16 days |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |9-18 |9 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII months) |50 |60 |- |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The main surface water streams are the transboundary Prut river (40 km), and its tributaries: Nirnova (22 km), Calmatui (10 km), Lapusnita (46 km); and river Cogilnic (36 km), which flows to the Sasik lake (the Ukraine). The biggest water basins are situated on the river Lapusnita near Lapusna (volume is 2,1 mln m3) and Mingir (12,2 mln m3) villages. Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 35,1 mln m3. There are 10 springs, 3562 shallow wells, 160 borehole wells, out of total number of drinking water supply sources, which is 3732. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates, and fluorine.
Soils: Hincesti rayon lies in the province of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) forest steppe. Dominated soils are grey forest, calcareous and typical chernozioms. There are stratified alluvial soils and weak humid phreatic, salinizated and sodic chernozioms can be found in the river meadows. Eroded soils occupy an area of 41002 ha (27,8% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,0 m up to 15-40 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 37247 ha (25,3%). The greatest oak, beech, ash tree, lime, maple forests are situated near Balceana (4820 ha), Stolniceni (4072 ha) and Carpineni (2907 ha) villages.
Fauna: The wild boar (Sus scrofa), wild stag (Cervus dama), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), common marten (Martes martes) and birds as: partridge (Perdix), wild duck, white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Spring in Nemteni village |0,5 ha |
|Botanical: | | |
|Age-old trees: |English oak, Loganesti |1 units |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Dancu |131 ha |
| |Nemteni |20,9 ha |
| |Sarata Galbena |220 ha |
| |Dacia Caracui |84 ha |
| |Sarata-Rezesti |27 ha |
| |Poganesti |203 ha |
|Herbs |Loganesti |710 ha |
| |Sarata Galbena |424 ha |
|Landscape reserves: | | |
|Hincesti forest |Between Lapusna and Mereseni villages |4449 ha |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in village Carpineni.
Pesticides warehouses
At the time being repackaging of obsolete pesticides have not yet begun. Warehouse in Carpineni village is selected to be a central one per rayon. Expected about 50 000 kg of obsolete pesticides to be stored. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are registered in village Pascani (toxaphen). Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimated as 51%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Stolniceni |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Dragusenii Noi |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |n.d.a. | |
|Firladeni |1618 |- |- |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Boghiceni |2700 |- |- |Initial amount |
|Mereseni |2083 |- |- |Initial amount |
|Pascani |3607 |400 |520 |880 kg -toxaphen POPs |
|Loganesti |5735 |1500 |2500 |Initial amount |
|Fundul Galbenei |13750 |2270 |9580 |Initial amount |
|Buteni |300 |- |300 |Initial amount |
|Sofia |4000 |- |800 |Initial amount |
|Bobeico |2170 |- |- |Initial amount |
|Bujor |1000 |500 |500 |Initial amount |
|Carpineni |n.d.a. | | |Initial amount |
|Total: |36963 |4670 |14200 |51 % of unknown pesticides |
|Central warehouse Carpineni |49900 | | |Evacuation and repackaging are not started yet Expected |
| | | | |about 50 000 kg of obsolete pesticides to be stored |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Carpineni)
General: Warehouse has been built nearly 30 years ago. Nowadays, any designing documents are missing. Initially it was used as main pesticides and mineral fertilizers warehouse for local state farm. At present time warehouse is at the balance of Miriada LTD. But in the nearest future (according to the mayor’s statement), warehouse will be privatized by a family of local farmers. Warehouse was not repaired for a decades. There are liquid and solid pesticides (in metal drums and bags that need to be repacked) inside warehouse are keeping now. According to the estimation warehouse capacity is 200 tons.
According to the information received from mayoralty and from local farmers, warehouse is old, but it was kept in a relatively good condition. Previously it is about 100 people were involved in pesticides management and application. But now, most of them suffer from different diseases of the nervous, blood, digestive, respiratory systems. Some of them have died at the age of 45-50 years. According to the mayor’s statement, the native inhabitants know about associated dangers that warehouse can cause, but some of peasants possess old pesticides (in small quantities) just for the individual households (including DDT). Reaction of inhabitants, regarding storing of pesticides from the whole rayon into warehouse in village, was negative, but they accept it on condition that this is not for a long standing. There is enough space in warehouse to store all existing obsolete rayonal pesticides.
Warehouse: Warehouse was built with stone bricks that are in relatively good condition. Roof is from slate with lots of small holes. Windows from the eastern side are without glass, but with bars. Doors are slightly damaged. All these damages allow penetrating rainfall water inside the building, which can further affect the nearest areas. Floor in one section is bent. The size of doors allows entering the track inside the building. The distance from warehouse to the main road is 200 m length, which is in a good condition (with gravel).
In one small section, pesticides are kept in bags on the wooden shelves and some of bags are deformed. In second section, there is couple of piles of bags with pesticides; most of bags are in very bad conditions. Some of these bags are placed on shelves, but others on the floor. The other two sections are conventionally separated with beams, where liquid pesticides in drums and solid ones in bags are kept. The floor is from concrete with some loopholes, and it is little bent to the door side. On floor there are flows-marks of the penetrated rain water has been observed.
Perimeter: A concrete plate fences perimeter, but fence is missing for a length of 30 m. The fence rounds approximately 1 ha of surface, which is slightly bent. Upper from warehouse on the slope there was built a leaking canal of run-off accumulation, which goes round the warehouse. Warning labels, that indicates the presence of toxic and dangerous chemicals are missing, with an exception of one panel hanging on one of the doors, where is unclear what it is written. There is a secondary building on territory where some of drums and other household issues are kept. There is also a small cow stable and living room has been arranged, where caws are kept and one local family is living. The family members are guarding warehouse. On the territory there is a road, partially with gravel and small concrete platform with accumulation well, intentionally built for washing of contaminated machinery.
Surroundings: Warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope, being slightly bent (2-60) and nearby the river flood plain. There are landslides in the upper part of the slope. Most of them are old because they are covered with grass and shrubs. The relief at the proximity of warehouse imposes to conclude that territory is submitted to landslide risk. Shallow ground water is at the depth of approximate 15 m. There were no cases of flooding. Soils are sandy-clay, but in the lower part of the slope it is clayey-sandy.
Sensitive end-points: Within the radius of 300 m away from warehouse there are arable lands, where maize and vegetables are cultivated. Upward from warehouse the pasture is placed, which are strongly affected by landslides. At the distance of 200 m down slope the Lapusnita river meadow lies, which is used as pasture as well. Some of the meadow sectors are swampy. The distance to the riverbed is about 350-400 m.
To the southeast from warehouse, at approximate 2,5 km distance, Carpineni village is located (10 000 inhabitants, 384 wells, 682 cattle, 6218 pigs, 6614 sheep, 51000 poultry). There are no natural areas protected by the state nearby warehouse.
Access to site: The site is located near the main paved, but damaged road. The distance from warehouse till the main road is 200 m of gravel. The main road passes along the river meadow and several rural localities
Findings:
• Warehouse is in relatively satisfactory technical conditions, but needs reparation of roof, windows and doors.
• There are conditions to pack pesticides inside warehouse and to store all pesticides within the rayon, but for a short period of time.
• Access on the territory is limited, protected by a fence, which is in a good condition, guarded, but not completely ensured.
• One family is living just at the territory of warehouse, with all households’ attributes.
• Access to the site for heavy tracks is acceptable.
• Location of warehouse in the lower part of the slope with ravines does not allow run-off flooding, but wide spreading of landslides imperils the affect of warehouse territory.
• Pollution of surrounding territory may affect arable crops, flood-plain territory (used for livestock and poultry grassing) and surface water stream.
• Through the drainage canal that lead to the Lapusnita river meadow, the polluted leaks from the surface of warehouse perimeter can easily reach the meadow and river.
Brief report on field survey (potential for evacuation warehouse, Pascani)
General: Warehouse was built more than 30 years ago, intentionally for storing of pesticides. At present time warehouse is maintained by local agricultural cooperative (Pascani-Vladinesti). For the past decade the building was not repaired. There are liquid and solid pesticides (in metal drums and bags that need to be repacked) are currently stored in very bad conditions. According to the mayor’s statement, warehouse area was flooded couple of times. Last time it is happened in 2003, when water penetrated inside. Workers previously involved in agricultural processes with pesticides suffer from different diseases.
Warehouse: Warehouse was built with stone bricks that at the foundation are deformed (probably because of floods). The roof is from slate with lots of holes. Windows are without glass, but with bars. Doors are damaged. All these damages allow penetrating rainfall water and wind inside the building, which can disperse pollution outside the building. The floor is partially reinforced by concrete. The size of doors allows entering the tracks. According to visual inspection warehouse contain two sections where liquid and solid pesticides in deformed bags are still kept. They are directly placed on the floor and on the shelves. In the auxiliary rooms some of agricultural tools are kept.
Perimeter: Warehouse is not fenced. There are no warning labels available. There is an unfinished building on the territory foreseen as new mineral fertilizers storage. According to the mayor’s statement it will be reconstructed as a sport and amusement hall for young people from village. There is a stone road that connects warehouse and the main paved road which passing the centre of village.
Surroundings: Warehouse is located at the first terrace of Lapusnita river and closely to the river meadow. In the eastern part, at a 20 m distance from warehouse perimeter one small tributary of the Lapusnita river is flowing. At flood plain and downstream from warehouse an excavated small pond is situated. Some of meadow sectors that are located near warehouse are swampy with water on the surface. Shallow ground water is estimated at the depth of approximate 2-3 m. Soils are mostly sandy.
Sensitive end-points: Within the 300 m radius from warehouse, the arable plots are located, where wheat, maize and vegetables are cultivated. One arable plot is just placed at warehouse wall. The pasture and water pond, used for local livestock watering, are located at the distance of 50-100 m. Pascani village is located at the distance of 100 m. (1826 inhabitants, 202 wells, 303 cattle, 870 pigs, 1550 sheep, 14500 poultry).
Downward the slope, the river flood plain, pasture, and small wetlands are located. The distance to the river is about 400-500 m.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in bad conditions, poorly protected and no fenced.
• Assess of people and livestock is free.
• Floods have several times affected warehouse territory.
• Pesticides are kept in bad conditions.
• Drainage and run-off accumulation systems are missing.
• Dispersion of pesticides via penetrating rainfall and winds are quite possible.
• Vicinity territory is intensively used for agriculture and pasture. Arable plot is placed right close to warehouse (2-3 m).
• Road is in a good condition and accessible to transport units.
• Potential for contamination of agricultural crops, pastures vegetation, surface water streams, dwelling territory, shallow groundwater and drinking wells in village are high.
19 Ialoveni rayon
General
There are 34 localities in Ialoveni rayon, including one central town (Ialoveni). The distance from Chisinau to Ialoveni is 13 km. The total area is 785 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 53242 ha (67,9%). The private agriculture is developed in 32% of productive lands. The total population is 97759 people. The urban population constitutes 15041 (15,4%) and rural – 104505 inhabitants (84,6%). The international road is M-3 (Chisinau-Cimislia-Iymail) and the main republican roads are – R3 (Chisinau-Hincesti) and R32 (Chisinau-Cainari).
Environment
Relief: The rayon is situated within limits of the Southern Codru. It is complicated and dismembered by the river dales and ravines. The maximum altitude is up to 335 m.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -3,5(C, in July +21,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 7,8-8,4 (C. The average annual precipitation is 485 mm. The maximum torrent rainfall, calculated at the rate of 1% probability, may reaches up to 120-140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds directions are from East, Northeast and Southeast. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail |1 |7 |32 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |45 |55 |Winter –spring –6-18 days; |
| | | |88 days (1952) |
|Fogs |34 |67 |40 hours; 13 days |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |30 |37 days (1948) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |9-18 | |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |233 hours (1955); |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |23 |23 days (1946) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |58 |88 (in 1952) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |40 hours |
| | | |(in 1947 and in 1961) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20 |20 (in 1962-1963) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |26 (in 1967-1968) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |36 |40 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The most principal water stream is Nistru River. The river network is includes tributaries: Raut, Cula, Ichel, Draghinici, Cogilnic, Iaz and Ivancea. Important water reservoir is situated on the river Iaz, with the total water volume of 1 mln m3. Local water resources volume is estimated at the volume of 40,7 mln m3. There are 15 springs, 3077 shallow wells, and 268 boreholes. Water quality from shallow wells is poor because of dry residue indexes and nitrates.
Soils: According to geographical classification Orhei rayon is belong to the region of Grey Forest soil and cambic chernozioms. It includes sub regions of typical chernozem and alluvial soils in wetlands of Raut river meadow. The most spread soil types are cambic and typical chernozioms. Eroded soils occupy an area of 30434 ha (36,5% from agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: The level of shallow groundwater varies in river meadows and ravines from 0,5-2,0 m up to 15-20 m on water divide.
Flora: The remaining natural vegetation is a forest steppe. Forests cover an area of 29550 ha (19,7%). The greatest oak, beech, lime, willow, ash tree and maple forests are situated near Curchi and Seliste (8082 ha), Ivancea (1779 ha), Trebujeni (1114 ha), Pohrebeni (1012 ha), Morozeni (960 ha) villages.
Fauna. The most important mammals are: wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), ground squirrel, weasel, squirrel, as well as birds: partridge (Perdix), big and small turtle, skylark. The muskrat is acclimatised.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Vertebral fossil, Pocsesti village |2 ha |
| |Orhei ravine, Orhei town |100 ha |
| |Reef on Raut river bank, Piatra village |3 ha |
| |Stinca Migla, Piatra village |3 ha |
|Botanical sites: | | |
|Age-old trees: |English oak, Vatrici and Curcii villages |7 units |
|Hydrological sites: |Cucuruzeni spring |0,5 ha |
| |Spring in Izvoare village |0,5 ha |
| |Jeloboc spring |10 ha |
|Landscape reserves: | | |
|Pohrebeni |Pohrebeni village |1049 ha |
|Resource reserves: | | |
|Cambic chernozem of central forest zone |Ivancea village |4 ha |
|Areas of multifunctional use: | | |
|Meadow with grove |Isacova village |10 ha |
|Monuments of landscape architecture | | |
|Park in Ivancea village |Ivancea village |3 ha |
There are no natural protections territories identified that are located at potential zones of influence and near central warehouses in Pelivan village.
Pesticides warehouses
Presently repackaging is not started. All obsolete pesticides are stored at warehouses in different villages. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not registered during last inventory. As a central warehouse in rayon Pelivan village is selected and it is foreseen to stock at this deposit approximately 35100 kg of obsolete pesticides. Percentage of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is evaluated as 22,0%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Pelivan |2570 | | |Selected as a central warehouse |
|Bulaesti |2500 |500 |1000 |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Cucuruzeni |2750 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Susleni |3700 |1000 |100 |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Pohrebeni |3280 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Bezezloji |1100 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Bolohani |1015 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Isacova |2300 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Teleseu |3000 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Breanova |850 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Zorile |350 |700 |500 |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Malaeşti |2200 |- |1000 |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Putuntei |2500 |- |- |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Peresecina |1450 |- |- |Partially demolished. Pesticides are absent |
|Step Soci |3000 |1000 |2000 |Initial amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Trebujeni (Orheiul Vechi) |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Gloria |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Total |35715 |3200 |4600 |22% unknown |
|Central warehouse, Pelivan | | | |More than 36 000 kg of pesticides is expected to be stored|
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Pelivan)
General: Warehouse has been built 20-30 years ago as a deposit for pesticides and mineral fertilizers. During last decade no reconstruction was performed. Presently warehouse is not functioning and it current owner is “Agro-Orhei” SRL. Capacity is about 100 t, but only small amount of obsolete pesticides is stored now. It is about 3 tonnes of different chemicals packed in partially damaged bags are situated on floor and small number of drums with liquid chemicals are placed on shelves. The leakage is evident. In the past there are no accidents related to warehouse, but periodical burglaries of equipment and construction materials from warehouse building were registered.
Warehouse: Building is formed from stone blocks and walls are in relatively good condition. Roof is covered with slate, but has a lot of holes through which precipitation penetrates inside. Floor is covered by asphalt and it is in satisfactory condition. Bars equip windows. Doors are made from wood and in good condition, but not locked. Ventilation system is not functioning and needs repair. Electricity is not available.
Perimeter: The territory of warehouse is entirely covered by asphalt; with sides of 36 x 50 m. Perimeter is fenced by thick metal net, which is in a good condition. There are solution preparation station and plot for transport located nearby the main building. The second deposit with the same capacity and designated for fertilisers stocking is situated closely. Warning labels were not found.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located in the lower part of the slope. A land depression, located at the distance of 50 m from the perimeter, followed by small rivulet which discharging to the lake. The run-off can be directed to the depression where precipitation is gathered and flows to the village. The land depression is also used as pasture. The level of shallow groundwater is assumed over 5 m. A greater part of the territory is planted by vineyard, where loamy chernozem soils are dominated. At about 5 m from the perimeter the dunk-stocking plot of the cattle farm is located.
Sensitive end-points: At the distance of 5 m uphill from warehouse perimeter a great massif of vineyard is located. Downhill and at 10 m distance the pastures are lies. The forest band that crossed the land depression and the opposite slope situated at the distance of 300 m. At the same distance the arable plots are located. The walnut tree orchard is also situated upper on the relief at about 50 m distance. At the downslope gradient and at 100 m from perimeter the cattle and sheep farm is located. The area between the warehouse and farm is used as a garbage place.
At the distance of 1 km downhill the residential area of Pelivan village is placed, which also includes the lake, used for recreation and livestock watering.
Access to site: The distance from warehouse to the main road is about 1,5 km. The assess way is partly paved, but about 1 km is only country road which is available for transportation. The road is crossing residential zone of village.
Findings:
• Warehouse is required only slight reparation of roof, ventilation and doors.
• Access is not ensured as guards are missing.
• Territory of warehouse perimeter is covered by asphalt and provides space for heavy machine maneuvering.
• Floor is covered by asphalt and risk of infiltration is minimised.
• Possible air dispersion of contaminated particles may affect vineyard, walnut tree orchard, and pastures, cattle and sheep farm.
• Contaminated run-off may reach village limits and pollute the barrage lake situated in the central part of village.
Brief report on field survey (potential for evacuation warehouse, Isacova)
General: The warehouse is over 30 years old and it was built according to the design with destination for storing of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. The capacity is up to 100 tones. In 1996 the warehouse was shared between local warmers as a part of their land shares. According to local and regional administration statements the warehouse is completely demolished. It is only small room is used for storing of obsolete pesticides and its remaining, assumed as 1 tonne. Local authorities did not report the exceptional situations like burglaries, burying of pesticides, flooding or fire.
Warehouse: The warehouse (10 × 44 m) was built by stone blocks and covered by steel-concrete plates. At present time, the section of approximates 3 × 6 m is remains. The rest part of building has been demolished up to foundation. A couple hundred kg of pesticides are still stored inside this section. Floor is concrete and stones block entrance. Walls have several fissures. The specific smell of chemicals is felt at the warehouse vicinity.
Perimeter: The perimeter is almost flat, with a slight inclination to the south, has a surface of approximate 30 × 70 m. Near the warehouse the seed treatment section is situated, which is also demolished. Warning labels, drainage and rainwater collection systems are missing. Perimeter is not fenced, and piles of construction materials are still located instead of building.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located in the southern, south-eastern side concerning the Isacova village, on an almost flat plot. Topsoil and run-off erosion in the range of 0,3-0,5 km from warehouse was not found. Shallow groundwater is deeper than 5 m, as nearest drinking wells have approximate 18-20 m depths).
Sensitive end-points: At the radius of 300 m following constructions and areas are located: two car garages (200 m), vineyard plantation (20 m), arable plots (20-30 m). Downhill, to the south, at a distance of 100-150 m, a plum tree orchard is located. Along the road and immediate to the warehouse lies the grass band, which could be pastured by local cattle and sheep. The dwelling houses are situated upwards of the warehouse at a distance of approximate 300-350 m. At the Isacova village approximate 2450 villagers live, who possess about 250 cows and 450 sheeps.
Findings:
• Warehouse is completely demolished and only small section is used for storing of obsolete pesticides.
• Strong smell supposes to be indicator of surrounding territory contamination.
• Access to the territory is free as for people and livestock.
• Local population extracted greater parts of old construction materials.
• Risk of pesticide leakage after precipitation and by wind dispersion is evident.
• Contaminated area may include working places at automobile garages, plum tree orchard, vineyard, pasture and arable lands.
22 Leova rayon
General
There are 39 settlements in Leova rayon, including two towns (Leova and Iargara). The distance from Chisinau to Leova is 92 km. The rayon is lies at the border with Romania. The total area is 765 km2, with domination by agricultural land-use at the territory of 58270 ha (76,2%), from which the private lands constitutes 80,2%. The total population is 51200 people. The urban population constitutes 14400 (28,2%) and rural 36800 (71,8%) inhabitants. The main automobile roads: R34 (Hincest - Cahul), R47 (Leova – Iargara - Cimislia) and railways: Iargara – Cantemir - Murgeni (the Romania), Iargara-Cahul are available.
Environment
Relief: The northeastern part of rayon is a little bit elevated and represents a hilly plain. The south western part is situated in boundaries of the Tighechi Hills. The erosion and landslides are registered.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -3,5(C, in July +21,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,5-9,0 (C. The average annual precipitation is 445 mm. Estimated heavy torrent rainfall may reaches up to 130-140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated wind directions are East, North-East and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; south-western is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |38 |49 |115 days (1949) |
|Fogs |46 |77 |197 hours (1966) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 |21 days (1953-54) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |10-17 |15 days (1957-58) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |33 |45 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The Prut river is the main transboundary water stream, which flows at limits of rayon (56 km) and includes tributaries: Lapusna (8 km), Sirma (17 km), Tigheci (16 km), and Sarata (41 km). Important water reservoirs are situated on the river Sarata near Cneazevca (capacity 2,8 mln m3) and Sarata Noua (capacity 2,3 mln m3) villages. Local water resources estimated for the year with 50% precipitation rate, constitutes 13,6 mln m3. There are 9 springs, 831 shallow wells, and 80 artesian wells, out of the total number of water supply sources, which are 920. Water quality from shallow wells is poor due to the dry residue indexes, nitrates, and fluorine.
Soils: The Leova rayon is belongs to the typical, calcareous and cambic chernozioms region of the Hungarian oak forest steppe of the South-Moldavian hilly-wavy plain with calcareous and typical chernozem subregion. Alluvial soils of the Prut lower valley; and the cambic and forest xerophytes chernozioms region of the forest steppe (Tigheci Hills) is associated as well. Dominated soils are grey forest, calcareous and typical chernozioms. In the river meadows there are stratified alluvial soils and weak humid phreatic, salinizated and sodic chernozioms mostly presence. Eroded soils occupy an area of 21578 ha (37,3% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters:. The shallow groundwater varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,0 m up to 15-40 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation limited, but presented by fragments of forest steppe and steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 10360 ha (13,5%). The greatest oak, beech, ash tree, lime, maple forests are situated near the Hirtop and Tigheci villages.
Fauna: roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), common marten (Martes martes) and many species of birds as: partridge (Perdix), wild duck, white stork (Ciconia ciconia) are found in the limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Age-old trees: |English oak, Leova |1 units |
|Landscape reserves: | | |
| |Ostianova forest, Hirtop village |211,2 ha |
| |Bolgrad lyceum forest, Frumusica village |54 ha |
| |Aquatic ecosystem „White swan”, Leova |30 ha |
|Multifunctional use: | | |
|Flood-plain vegetation |Flooding meadow of the Prut river, Leova |50 ha |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in town Iargara.
Pesticides warehouses
At present time repackaging and evacuation of obsolete pesticides have not been started. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not registered in rayon. Warehouse in town Iargara is selected as a central one. About 27 t of obsolete pesticides is expected to be stored. The share of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is 40%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Iargara |1875 |- |- |Selected as a central warehouse |
|Fillipeni |2700 |- |2700 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Leova |2000 |- |2000 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Bestemac |5175 |600 |100 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Vozneseni |2365 |- |2365 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Tigheci |400 |- |120 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Sarateni |9700 |- |200 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Orac |900 |- |400 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Cupcui |2200 |200 |2000 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Tochile Raducani |300 |- |300 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Sarata Noua |- |- |- |No information |
|Cneasevca |- |- |- |Demolished |
|Total: |27615 |800 |10185 |Initial total amout of obsolete pesticides |
|Central warehouse Iargara | | | |Evacuation and repackaging are not started yet |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Iargara)
General: At present, warehouse is allotted as individual shares of inhabitants in Iargara town. The age of warehouse is over 30 years (the exact date is unknown). Warehouse was built according to the design. It was used for storage of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Documentation referring to warehouse design is missing. According to the statement of Iargara town administration, 60 thousands MDL for reparation works has been allocated, but rehabilitation was not performed yet. Authorization can be obtained only after reparation. The capacity is approximately 200 t. Physical damages, fires; burglaries of chemical substances from warehouse were not mentioned. Engineering systems against incendiary, telephone, electricity, log-book at warehouse are missing.
Warehouse: Dimensions of building is 19 x 44 m, divided by 3 sections, where different substances are kept. Technical status and engineering condition of warehouse is poor. The stone bricks walls have many breaking downs and holes. The roof is made from concrete plates. Windows are missing, and presents as a big holes. Some of doors are missing, the remaining ones locked with padlocks. The floor is reinforced by concrete.
Perimeter: As visually observed, it should be concluded that initially warehouse was projected as a essential structure, with systems of ventilation, sewage, drainage, accumulation basins, etc. On the warehouse territory the second and bigger warehouse for mineral fertilizers is situated. There is also station of solution preparation, ground for techniques washing, 2 accumulation open basins, 1 reinforced by concrete water basin (buried into the ground, with a diameter of approximate 10 m and with a depth of 6-8 m) is located at the territory. There are 11 smaller accumulation wells arranged around warehouses and station of solution preparation has been observed. Grass, shrubs and young trees cover the whole territory. Warehouse fencing is partially destroyed. Warning and prevention labels are missing. Some of doors and stone bricks were stolen. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 10 m.
Surroundings: According to the relief, warehouse is located on the central sector of a slope with an inclination of 1-2 degrees to the northeast. Near warehouse and in the range of 1 km no ravines and steep slopes are situated. Wind protection is ensured by a forest band, which is located between the road that leads to warehouse and pesticide warehouse itself (the width of the band is 10 m), and by trees that grew on the territory between two deposits (probably they grew after warehouses were abandoned). Groundwater aquifer is very deep as supposed.
Sensitive end-points: Warehouse is situated just within agricultural arable fields and at 1-km distance from the Iargara town. To the north (200 m) a vineyard is located. On the same direction (500 m) the orchard is placed. On direction of north-east (250-300 m), the tractor brigade and small mill factory are situated.
At the down slope direction the forest protection band is located (300-400 m) and big cow farm were placed (500-800 m).
Access to site: The car access is made through a country road with length of 200 m. During wet periods the traffic would be difficult. The main paved road Iargara – Sarata Noua is in a good condition, except one bridge, which is probably technically damaged.
Findings:
• Initially warehouse had all the systems functional, but now the most of them are destroyed. Warehouse perimeter is not cleaned.
• Warehouse is not guarded. Fencing is partially destroyed. Reparation were not performed
• Access of people is free.
• Sensitive areas to potential pollution are: agro-industrial zone (tractor brigade, farm and mill), arable fields and vineyard.
Brief report on field survey (potential for evacuation warehouse, Cneazevca)
General: Nowadays, warehouse’s assets are shared between inhabitants of Cneazevca village. Warehouse was built in 1982-83 years, according to the design, but all documentation is missing. It was intended for storage of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Currently there are about 6 t of pesticides are at place. Capacity is over 100 t, as it can be identified visually. Systems against incendiary, telephone and electricity are destroyed and logbook is missing. Warehouse is in deplorable condition, with demolished half of building.
Warehouse: Dimension of building is 20 x 45 m. Warning labels are missing, but inside the pesticide section, the informational posters with names of pesticides are still maintained on the walls. Walls have been formed from stone bricks, almost destroyed, with numerous holes and breaking downs. The roof is made from concrete plates, in an acceptable condition. Floor is also concrete and in a relatively good condition. All windows are destroyed and doors are completely missing. Frames are partially destroyed. Administrative section is destroyed. Warehouse was composed from 5 sections. One section is containing unused pesticides. Drums are spread all over the warehouse territory and in the vicinity of it.
Perimeter: At the east of warehouse (300 m) some uncompleted constructions are placed. To the west and behind warehouse the refuse pit is placed. Between building and pit a protection hillock is located. To the north (50 m), a reinforced with concrete plot is placed (grass grew through it, probably it was used for techniques washing). There are 3 accumulation wells, an accumulation basin and a reinforced by concrete hole are found. All constructions are in a deplorable condition. Warehouse perimeter is not fenced and warning signs are missing.
Surroundings: According to the relief, warehouse is located on the upper sector of the slope with an inclination of 2-3 degrees to the southeast. To the north-east (600 m) water reservoir and Sarata river are located (the slope bent is on the direction to river and reservoir). Protection against wind affects is not secured. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 10 m.
Sensitive end-points: To the southeast and southwest, and immediately from warehouse perimeter, the pasture is situated (human footprints and animal spoors are visible). Warehouse is located at the distance of 400 m from Cneazevca village. At the west (approximate 50 m), the arable field is situated. On the south direction (10 m) a country road passes, over it arable field lies. To the east from warehouse and downwards the slope (600 m) a water reservoir and river Sarata are situated. To the north (80-100 m) the tractor brigade and cereals storehouse are situated.
Findings:
• Warehouse is not in use, seriously damaged, but remaining of non evacuated pesticides.
• Perimeter is not fenced and animal spoors are noticed.
• Downwards the slope an aquatic reservoir and surface water stream are situated.
• Sensitive areas to potential contamination are: urban and agro-industrial zones (tractor brigade and cereals deposit), arable fields, and aquatic media.
23 Nisporeni rayon
General
There are 63 localities in Nisporeni rayon, including one central town (Nisporeni). The distance from Chisinau to Nisporeni is 71 km. The rayon is bordering the Prut River, which is a state border with Romania. The total area is 628 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 39539 ha (62,8%). The private agriculture is developed on 80,2% of productive lands.
The total population is 64945 people. The urban population constitutes 12113 (18,6%) and rural - 52832 inhabitants (81,4%). The main republican road is – R25 (Chisinau-Starseni-Nisporeni).
Environment
Relief: The north eastern part of rayon is elevated and it is situated in limits of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) with maximum altitude up to 429,5 m (Balanesti Hills), and presents a hilly plain. Deep dales and ravines dismember it. Soil erosion and landslides phenomenon are highly developed.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -3,5(C, in July +21,0(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,5-9,0 (C. The average annual precipitation is 500 mm. The maximum torrent rainfall, calculated at the rate of 1% probability, may reaches up to 130-140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds are from East, North-East and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; south-western is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |8 |90 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |3 |20 |Winter –spring – 6-18 days |
|Fogs |15 |30 |16 days; 40 hours |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |15 |9 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |30 |45 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The main surface water streams are the transboundary Prut River (29 km), and its tributaries: Nirnova (37 km), Obreja (21,6 km), Bratuleanca (11,4 km), Lapusna (12 km), as well as rivers Bic (11,4 km) and Cogilnic (11 km). Almost 36 ponds with 6km2 surface are located in the region. The biggest water basins are situated near Milesti (volume is about 1,28 mln m3) and Bratuleni (volume is about 1,19 mln m3) villages. Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 26,4 mln m3. There are 160 springs, 4152 shallow wells, and 64 borehole wells. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soils: Nisporeni rayon lies in the province of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) forest steppe. Dominated soils are brown and grey forest, calcareous and typical chernozems. There are stratified alluvial soils and weak humid phreatic, salinizated and sodic chernozioms can be found in the river meadows. Eroded soils occupy an area of 17041 ha (27,1% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,0 m up to 15-40 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 14244 ha (22,7%). The greatest oak, beech, ash tree, lime, maple forests are situated near Nisporeni town and Miclesti, Draguseni and Balanesti villages.
Fauna: The wild boar (Sus scrofa), wild stag (Cervus dama), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), common marten (Martes martes) and birds as: partridge (Perdix), wild duck, white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites | | |
| |Pot-hole, Nisporeni town |200 ha |
| |Tectonically fracture, Seliste village |240 ha |
|Botanical: | | |
|Age-old trees: |Beech, Iurceni and Cabac villages |1 unit |
| |English oak, Paruceni village |1 unit |
| |English oak, Nisporeni town |1 unit |
| |Rawan tree, Nisporeni town |1 unit |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Seliste village |315 ha |
| |Cabac village |24,7 ha |
| |Zberoaia-Lunca villages |147,9 ha |
|Herbs |Seliste village |315 ha |
|Landscape reserves: | | |
| |Cazimir-Milesti; between the Milesti, |500 ha |
| |Balanesti, Iurceni villages | |
| |Vila Nisporeni; to the south-east of the |3499 ha |
| |Nisporeni town | |
| |Dolna; to the south of Dolna village |389 ha |
|Monuments of landscape architecture: | | |
| |Park from Milesti village |3 ha |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in Nisporeni town.
Pesticides warehouses
At present in centralised warehouse located near town Nisporeni about 44480 kg of pesticides are stocked, which has been evacuated from 12 warehouses situated in rayon (see table below). At the time being repackaging of obsolete pesticides are carrying on. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not reported by inventory findings. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimated as 22%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Nisporeni |5200 |- |- |Selected as central warehouse |
|Balanesti |590 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Bolduresti |4200 |120 |250 |Evacuated |
|Ciorasti |2600 |1200 |400 |Evacuated |
|Grozesti |2830 |1000 |1000 |Evacuated |
|Iurceni |4300 |1000 |- |Evacuated |
|Marinici |2120 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Mileati |4350 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Seliste |780 |200 |2000 |Evacuated |
|Varzareşti |4950 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Zberoia |3700 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Siacani |1060 |500 |- |Evacuated |
|Total |36680 |4420 |3650 |22% of unknown pesticides |
|Central warehouse Nisporeni |45000 | | |Currently about 45000 kg of obsolete pesticides|
|town | | | |are collected and partly packeged |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Nisporeni town)
General: Warehouse has been built in 1975 for deposition of pesticides and mineral fertilusers. At present, it belongs to the agricultural entity „Tinjelesti” SRL and also under responsibility of the rayonal authorityl. The guard is also remunerated from rayonal budget. Currently all obsolete pesticides from Nisporeni rayon are stored. Solid pesticides are stored on the shelves in polyethylene bags and partially on the floor in piles. The liquid pesticides are kept in old and partly damaged drums. There is enough space and it is possible to pack inside, the transport has the access into the warehouse.
Warehouse: The warehouse dimensions are 45 x 12 m. It is composed of 5 sections, in 3 of them pesticides are stored. Walls had been built from limestone, and nowadays some loopholes are noticed. Roof is covered by slates, which have several damaged areas. Doors are from wood and with padlock. Some windows are covered with metal net, at some windows the glass is missing. Floor is concrete, but not at all surface
Perimeter: Within the perimeter (100 x 50 m), the warehouse building itself and small guard room are placed. Pesticides solution preparation station and evaporation plot are situated outside at the distance of approximately 200 m. The drainage and run-off evacuation systems are missing, The perimeter is fenced with wooden fence. Warning and precaution labels are missing.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope (first terrace of Nirnova river), slightly bent (2-60) with the exposition to the east. The distance to Nirnova river floodplain is 200 m. The area is exposed to erosions. Shallow groundwater is estimated at the depth of about 5 m. Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: Within the radius of 300 m from the warehouse the arable lands and orchard are situated. At the distance of 200 m from the warehouse the meadow, which is used as pasture, lies. Some sectors of floodplain are wetlands.
Access to site: The distance from the warehouse till the main road (Balanesti-Nisporeni) is 150 m, which is in a good condition. The main road passes along the river meadow.
Findings:
• Warehouse technical status is acceptable, but reparation of roof and windows is needed.
• Stored pesticides are not kept in safe mode. They are not repackaged as required.
• The air dispersion of potentially contaminated particles may affect arable lands, orchard and Nirnova river meadow including pastures and marshy sections.
• Potentially contaminated run-off may affect flood-plain of Nirnova river, draiange and irrigation channels, pasture and small wetlands
• Depth to groundwater is about 5 m, that increse the risk of contamination of phreatic waters.
• The access on the territory is forbidden and protected by fence and guard.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Iurceni village)
General: The warehouse was built in 1981 according to the design (capacity about 200 tonnes), but documentation is missing now. Initially it served as deposit for pesticides and mineral fertilizers for local sovkhoz. The ownership of assets is non-clear, as it has been shared between peasants. At present the warehouse is hardly destroyed (partly demolished and construction materials are taken away). However, inside and outside of demolished building the liquid and solid pesticides (in damaged metal drums and bags) are remaining, as estimated at the volume of around 1 tonne. As village mayor reports a greater part of obsolete pesticides were transported to the central warehouse in Nisporeni town, but they’re about 1,5 tonnes of pesticides have not been evacuated and currently stored outdoors and at destroyed sections, which have no roof. The mayor did not sign a commissioning document as not all pesticides stock has been evacuated.
Warehouse: Warehouse’s walls are made from concrete plates and limestone, but a greater part of the building is destroyed. Roof is missing, with exception for one section, which is covered by concrete plates. All doors and windows are missing. Floor is reinforced with concrete but with a lot of loopholes.
Perimeter: The territory is not fenced and access is free both for peoples and livestock. The proximity territory of the warehouse is occupied by village’s dump for domestic and household wastes. The drainage system and evacuation plot are missing. There is no accumulation basin as well as warning labels.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the middle part of the slope with the exposition to south. Downwards from warehouse a great dimensions ravine is situated. Phreatic waters are at the depth of 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from the warehouse the agricultural lands and vineyards (10 m from the building) are placed. Sitting of village’s dump at the territory of pesticides deposit has increased the risk for villagers to pass and contact contaminated area. The residential village periphery starts at 100 m from the west of warehouse. Iurceni village is located quite closely and have population of about 2200 people, which maintain 154 cattle, 325 sheep livestock. There are more than 101 shallow groundwater wells in village and some of them are located not far from warehouse territory (100-150 m). The local river meadow partially used as arable lands and pastures, are situated at the distance of 1-1,5 km downhill.
Findings:
• Warehouse is hardly demolished and has no owner. Fencing is missing and peasants used this territory as a garbage place.
• However there is still remaining of approximately 1 tonne of pesticides, placed outdoors and in destroyed section without roof.
• Air dispersion of contaminated particles may affect several sensitive end-points including: dwellings, drinking wells, vineyard and arable crops.
• Potentially contaminated run-off may seriously affect arable lands, and local water stream.
24 Rezina rayon
General
There are 41 settlements in Rezina rayon, including 1 town. The distance from Chisinau to Rezina is 92 km. The total area is 621 km2. Agricultural land-use is dominated - 43434 ha (70 %), from which the private lands occupied 86 %. The total population is 48100 people, which includes urban - 10200 (21%) and rural ones - 37900 people (79 %). The road of international importance is – M4 (Chisinau – Soroca – the Ucraine) and the main republican road is R 20 (Rezina - Orhei). The railway is available at the sectoins: Soldanesti – Ciorna (Rezina district) – Ribnita – Slobodca (the Ukraine).
Environment
Relief: The region is within limits of the Prenistru Plateau. The maximum altitude is 275 m. It prevails a hilly relief. It is slightly bent from northwest to south, southeast. The landslides and erosion processes are developed. In the eastern part and along the Nistru River the river terraces are developed.
Climate. The monthly average temperature in January is 4,5(C, in July +21,0(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,2-8,6(C. The average annual precipitation is 475 mm. The maximal torrent rainfall ensured by 1% occurrence may reach up to 140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. The most frequent direction (rosette) of winds are East, North-East and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (V-XI) |2 |5 |30 min; 8 days (1906) |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |35 |45 |127 days (1950,1978) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours (1954) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20 |20 days (1968-69) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |31 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours (1954) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-15 |10 (1968) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |14 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |31 |40 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The principal water streams are: Prut (28 km) and other water courses as Camenca (24,3 km), Glodeanca (5,0 km), Copaceanca (36 km), Recea river (8 km). On the Prut River the biggest in Moldova water reservoir Costesti-Stinca (735 mln. m3) is located. On Camenca river near Sturzeni village water reservoir with capacity of 1,10 mln m3 is located. Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 48,0 mln m3. There are 1 spring, 7385 shallow wells, and 156 borehole wells. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soils: Riscani rayon lies within the province of the Northern Moldavian forest steppe, of the typical and cambic chernozems region with spots of podzolic chernozem and Grey Forest soils of the middle Prut forest steppe. Dominated soils are typical and cambic chernozems. The grey forest soils are also met, which occupy the surfaces on the water divide. Eroded soils occupy an area of 28177,0 ha (36,6% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,5 m up to 15-25 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 5665,7 ha (6,1%). The greatest oak, maple, ash tree, lime forests are situated near Petruseni (828 ha), Saptebani (492 ha), Luparia (485 ha) villages.
Fauna. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), ground squirrel; and birds as: partridge (Perdix), big and small turtle, skylark and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Duruitori ravine; to the east of Duruitori village|40 ha |
| |Varatic ravine; to the east of Varatic village |40 ha |
| |Proscureni reef; to the east of Duruitori village |10 ha |
|Hydrological sites |Aquatic ecosystem „La Moara”; to the west of Recea|42 ha |
| |villafe | |
|Botanical sites | | |
|Secular trees: |English oak „Patru Frati”, Petruseni village |1 unit |
| |English oak of the Petru, Petruseni village |3 units |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Stinca village |55 ha |
| |Pociumbeni village |53 ha |
| |Lucaceni; village |49,6 ha |
| |Saptebani village |17 ha |
|Landscape reserves: | | |
| |„Suta de movile (A hundred of mounds)”; between |1072 ha |
| |Braniste and Cobani villages | |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in Recea village.
Pesticides warehouses
Centralisation and repackaging of obsolete pesticides are not started in Riscani rayon yet. The central warehouse is selected in village Recea. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were not reported during last inventory. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is not estimated because corresponding information is absent. It is foreseen to stock about 23286 kg at the central warehouse.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Recea |2827 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Selected as a central warehouse |
|Mihaileni |300 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Pirjota |1550 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Borosenii Noi |3070 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Costesti |2840 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Racaria |8150 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Sturzeni |2580 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Saptebani |3100 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Hiliuti |200 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Braniste |650 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Vasiliuti |2600 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Corlateni |300 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Total: |28167 |n.d.a. |n.d.a. |Total initial amount of obsolete |
| | | | |pesticides |
|Central warehouse – Recea village | | | |It is foresseen to stock over 28000 kg of |
| | | | |obsolete pesticides |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Recea village)
General: The warehouse was built in 1980. Accordance to the design warehouse capacity is 120 tonnes. Initially it served as the main warehouse for pesticides and mineral fertilizers deposition and has been in use till 2001-2002. Currently, the state agricultural household «Fintina Rece» owns warehouse. Last years a few reparation efforts were performed and an accumulation basin was built. At present, there are liquid (300 kg) and solid (600 kg) pesticides (according to the local agronomist’s statements) are stored in metal drums, bags and piles, which need to be repacking. There were also cases of falling ill of livestock, which grazed around the warehouse.
Warehouse: The warehouse was made from limestone, which currently have some loopholes. There are 4 sections, and two of them are designated for mineral fertilizers. In these sections all doors are missing and roof is slates, which are damaged or partly destroyed. Two pesticides sections with wooden lokked doors and windows walled up with stone bricks are situated closely. The roof is concrete plates and covered by ruberoid. The size of doors allows entring of transport units inside the building. The floor is concrete but have a few loopholes. On the floor the signs of rainwater run off with pesticides residuals are visible. There is enough space for stocking of existing vollume of obsolete pesticides from rayon.
Perimeter: At the warehouse perimeter there are also several constructions are presenting as: solution preparation station, plot for transport washing, two concrete evaporation plots and ground accumulation basin, which are not protected against infiltration. The drainage system is blocked and does not function. There is a building for guard. The perimeter is not fenced. The warehouse is not guarded.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the middle part of the slope, with a moderate inclination to the west. The phreatic waters are assumed at the depth of 2 m. Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from the warehouse the arable lands, pastures, and orchards are located. At the distance of 200 m from the warehouse the meadow of Copaceanca River lies, which is used as pasture. Some sectors of the meadow are marshy.
Access to site: The distance from the warehouse perimeter till the main road (Riscani-Balti) is approximately 3000 m. The road is gravel one and in an acceptable condition.
Findings:
• Warehouse technical status is bad and reparation is needed.
• There is space to pack and store pesticides stock from rayon.
• Access on the territory is free as fence is missing and there is no quards.
• Phreatic shallow water may be affected by infiltration.
• Air dispersion may affect arable lands, pastures and Copaceanca river meadow.
• Potentially contaminated run-off may contribute in pollution of Copaceanca River.
Brief report on field survey (old warehouse, Duruitoarea Noua village)
General: The warehouse was built in 1970 according to the design. The designing documents are missing now. Initially it served as deposit for pesticides and mineral fertilizers at local sovkhoz. At present, warehouse is managed by the mayoralty of Duruitoarea Noua village. At present, warehouse is completely demolished but solid and liquid pesticides are stored at the open space and affected by wing dispersion and run-off. A strong chemical reek is felt. The pesticide bags and damaged drums are spread all over the warehouse territory. According to statements of the chief of the regional ecological inspectorate, the warehouse is in a bad condition, it is demolished, but there are still solid and liquid pesticides kepts at open conditions. It is a very polluted zone and local people, who possess lands near the warehouse, are very indignant because they cannot work at the land due to strong chemical smell. It was mentioned that after couples of working hours at the nearest fields, local peasants become weak, dizzy, they have nausea and pain in the mouth and nose. In 2003 more than 20 sheep died, because they were grazed near warehouse.
Warehouse: The warehouse is strongly demolished. Walls are made from stone bricks, but broken and strongly absorbed with pesticides. The roof is concrete plates, most of them are missing or have tendency to collapse. Windows and doors are demolished, remaining just as holes. The floor is concrete, but have holes and loopholes. Pesticide piles and damaged drums are dispersed everewhere.
Perimeter: There are several other constructions, which are also nardly demolished have been found at the perimeter. The drainage network probably is present but it blocked by a mud and sediments. Ramaining construction materials, absorbed with pesticides are cover evaporation surface. Around warehouse, the pesticide bags and damaged drums are spreaded. It is impossible to stay minutes closely to warehouse because of strong chemical reek. The protection fence is missing and access is free.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the terrace of the Prut river, being slightly bent. From warehouse to the northeast, a non-cultivated area with shrubs and snags of fruitful trees is situated. In the eastern, southern and western sides the orchard and arable lands are located. The Prut river flows at a distance of 1,5-2 km from warehouse. Phreatic waters are estimated at the depth of over 10 m. Soils are sandy.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from warehouse following end-points are registered: arable lands, new and old orchards. At the distance of 2 km Duruitoarea Noua village is located with 1200 people, 200 cattle, 400 sheep, 50 wells. The Prut river and transboundary Costesti-Stinca reservoir is located at the distance of 2-3 km.
Findings:
• Warehouse is hardly demolished but there are still pesticides, drums and packs are dispersed aroung. There is a strong chemical reek.
• There were cases of livestock poisoning.
• Fence is missing and access is not forbidden.
• Warehouse territory presents a high risk for population and environment.
26 Soldanesti rayon
General
There are 33 localities in Soldanesti rayon, including one central town (Soldanesti). The distance from Chisinau to Soldanesti is 118 km. The total area is 598,4 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 42269 ha (70,6%). The private agriculture is developed on 85,6% of productive lands. The total population is 42216 people. The urban population constitutes 6294 (14,9%) and rural - 35922 inhabitants (85,9%). The international roadway is – M4 (Cisinau- Soroca-the Ucraine), the main republican road is – R20 (Orhei-Soldanesti) and R13 (Soldanesti-Floresti). The railway is available connecting Soldanesti – Ciorna (Rezina rayon) – Ribnita and Slobodca (the Ukraine).
Environment
Relief: The region is located in limits of the Prenistru Plateau. The maximum altitude is 338 m (Zahorno Hills). The relief is hilly. Soil erosion and landslides phenomenon are developed.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -4,5(C, in July +21,0(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,2-8,6 (C. The average annual precipitation is 475 mm. The precipitations, as in the whole Republic of Moldova, fall irregular, their maximal rainfalls happen in July and August. Most frequent they fall as torrent rainfalls. The maximal torrent rainfall calculated at 1% probability range is up to 140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds are: East, Northeast and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; south-western is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (V-XI) |2 |5 |30 min; 8 days (1906) |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |35 |45 |127 days (1950,1978) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours (1954) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |20 |20 days (1968-69) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |31 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |45 |65 |Winter – spring (6-18 days); 127 days |
| | | |(in 1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours; 19 days (in 1966) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-30 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 | |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |15 m/s) |3 |20 |115 days (in 1949) |
|Fogs |34 |67 |20 days (in 1950) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |15 |20 |16 days |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |15 |17 |17 days (in 1957) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |45 | |32 days (II-XII) |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The River Nistru is important transboundary watercourse associated with the rayon (120 km) and forms the eastern border of the rayon. There are small rivers of the Black Sea basin are flowing within the respective territory. The most principal water streams are: Sarata (11 km), Copceac (24 km), Babei (30 km), Hadjider (12 km), Caplani (20 km). Important water reservoirs are situated near Talmaz (0,96 mln m3), Volontiri (4,12 mln m3) and Caplani (8,3 mln m3) villages. Local water resources estimated at volume of 13 mln m3.
There are 1 spring, 600 shallow wells, 189 artesian wells, out of the total number of drinking water supply sources, which is 790. The water quality of the shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes and nitrates.
Soils:. The rayon is belonging to the Danubian steppe of the forest xerophyte and calcareous chernozem of the Southern Bassarabian steppe plain. Dominated soil types are typical and calcareous chernozem. For ravines and in river meadows there are stratified alluvial soils can be found. Eroded soils occupy an area of 24960 ha (31,8% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: shallow groundwater table varies in the Prut River and small rivers meadows from 0,5-3,0 m and changes up to 15-20 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is limited and presented by steppe and forest steppe, located on the slopes and in rivers meadows. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 4614,0 ha (6,8%). The greatest oak, maple, lime, elm, willow forests are situated near Talmaz (117 ha), Rascaeti (923 ha) and Olanesti (420 ha) villages.
Fauna: The mammals are mostly represented by fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), wolf, ferret (Mustela nevalis), steppe polecat (Mastela eversmani), and birds by: partridge (Perdix), magpie, forest tuft (Asio otus) and many others.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Stone ravine, Tudora village |2 ha |
| |Ravine , Cioburciu village |2 ha |
| |Ravine Purcari village |5 ha |
|Botanical | | |
|Age-old trees: |oak, Talmaz and Crocmaz villages |3 units |
| |English oak, Talmaz and Crocmaz villages |11 unit |
|Natural reserves: | | |
|Forests |Olanesti |315 ha |
|Mixed |Wetland Togai, Crocmaz village |50 ha |
|Resource reserves: | | |
|Complex of alluvial soils, marshy of the Bassarabian steppe zone |Talmaz village |200 ha |
There are no natural protections territories identified that are located at the potential zones of influence and near the central warehouses in Tudora and Olanesti villages.
Pesticide warehouses
At present, repackaging and evacuation works are finished. There are 19 warehouses were performed for evacuation of obsolete pesticides (see the table below). Currently, at two central warehouses (Tudora and Olanesti) 201547 kg of obsolete pesticides are already stored. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is 81,5%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Stefan Voda |11200 |5400 |5300 |Evacuated |
|Antonesti |4500 |3100 |1400 |Evacuated |
|Crabasani |4500 |1000 |3500 |Evacuated |
|Caplani |10000 |- |10000 |Evacuated |
|Ciobruci |2200 |200 |1600 |Evacuated |
|Copceac |10000 |8000 |2000 |Evacuated |
|Crocmaz |12100 |3500 |7600 |Evacuated |
|Ermoclia |1000 |- |10000 |Evacuated |
|Festilita |4500 |1300 |1000 |Evacuated |
|Palanca |2000 |400 |1600 |Evacuated |
|Popeasca |10000 |- |10000 |Evacuated |
|Purcari |8000 |- |4000 |Evacuated |
|Rascateni |2000 |- |2000 |Evacuated |
|Semenovca |2500 |- |2500 |Evacuated |
|Brezoaia |1000 |500 |500 |Evacuated |
|Slobozia |4000 |1500 |2500 |Evacuated |
|Talmaza |1000 |- |1000 |Evacuated |
|Volintiri |11800 |4400 |1700 |Evacuated |
|Total: |119 200 |31900 |65200 |81,5% unknown |
|Central warehouse Tudora |6000 |200 |400 |Evacuation and repackaging are finished |
|Central warehouse Olanesti |10900 |- |2000 |Evacuation and repackaging are finished |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Tudora)
General: Warehouse was built according to the design of about 20 years ago. Warehouse was used for keeping of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. At present time it is belong to „Iridrea” SRL. The maximum capacity, according to the design is about 300 t. According to local administration data it is about 201 t of liquid and powder pesticides are stored nowadays. Guard is ensured permanently.
Warehouse: Warehouse has been build from stone bricks and concrete plates, which are in good condition. The roof is formed by concrete and currently in relatively satisfactory condition (in some places, mainly at the plate links, the rainfall leakage is observed). There are 6 sections: including boiler building, section with fertilizer wastes, and sections with packed pesticides (closed by sealed doors, with padlock). One pesticide section is completely full and no assessable because the plastic drums placed up to the door. In other sections there is still place for solid pesticide storage. In one section a liquid pesticides are stored.
Perimeter: Outside the perimeter a concrete plot with the size of approximately 50 x 60 m (probably for polluted water evaporation) is located. A part of fence, that rounds warehouse, is destroyed. From the northern and western parts a gully for rainwater accumulation is situated (in the northern part it is located between warehouse perimeter and evaporation plot). From the southern part, where warehouses’ gates are placed, the run-off catching gullies were not observed. There are 9 accumulation wells are available at the territory, as well as boiler building, big storage building for fertilizers, weighing machine, water reservoir, shower place and guard cottage. The internal territory is covered by asphalt. Warning labels are missing.
Surroundings: Warehouse is located at the Nistru river top terrace with bent slope to the east. From the northern, southern and western sides warehouse is not protected against wind affection. From the eastern side a slope ravines and forest are located. The ravine is directed to the Nistru river flood plain. Through the ravine a small rill is flowing as it is originated from the spring, which is situated at 300 m from warehouse perimeter. The direction of the leakage and run-off is to the forest, ravine and rill. According to rough estimate the depth to phreatic waters is exceeding 5 m.
Sensitive end-points: Warehouse is located outside Tudora and Crocmaz villages (3-3,5 km and 2,5-3 km respectively). Warehouse is rounded by arable lands, which situated at 30-40 m from perimeter. At the southern part (30 m) a ravine with forest and rivulet is situated. Air dispersion of contaminated particles may affect arable crops, forest and spring, which is used as a drinking source for warehouse personnel and for field workers. Contaminated run-off may penetrate to rivulet, later discharging to the Nistru River.
Access to site: Access to the site for a heavy track is accessible.
Findings:
• Warehouse status is satisfactory.
• Security is completely ensured and territory is guarded, but fence is partly damaged.
• Non-authorized access is limited.
• Placed drums block easy access inside one pesticide warehouse section.
• Warehouse is placed in the field and far away from residential areas, but may affect agriculture crops, forest and surface water resources by additional contamination.
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Olanesti)
General: Warehouse was built of about 20-30 years ago. Currently warehouse is property of „Nistru Olanesti SRL” agricultural association, from which no information was obtained even way direction to warehouse, has not been indicated. The only some information were undertaken from secretary of village mayor and from cadastral engineer. Warehouse was used for storage both pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Visual inspection of building space has been carried out through windows and holes.
Warehouse: Construction is made from stone bricks and is in good condition. Dimensions of the building are 32 x 12 m. The roof is wooden and covered with slates. There are few roof holes were observed. Warehouse is not fenced and guarded. Bars equip windows. Floor is reinforced by concrete. At posterior side of warehouse a separation wall is built. Separating walls against incendiary do not exist. Pesticides are stored in drums. Although warehouse is locked, the guard was not seen.
Perimeter: Warning labels are missing, as well as a fence. Other constructions on the territory are missing. The drainage, run-off collection and water evacuation systems are missing. At the lateral of warehouse, on the direction of northeast asphalt ground is situated (probably it did not belong to warehouse infrastructure).
Surroundings: Warehouse is situated on a slight bent slope. Behind warehouse, to the south (15 m) a slope with an inclination of 50 – 70 with falls is observed. Location on a bent plot and presence of slope from uphill of warehouse can contribute to water penetration inside the building. That action is conditioned also by absence of any rainfall collection/evacuation system. Behind the slope, at the distance of 20 m, a steep slope is situated (the depth is 1,5-2,0 m; the direction is south, south-east). Prevailing clayey soil hinders absorption water into the soil. In the northern side of warehouse, at 10-15 m distance, a country road lies. The protection against wind is not ensured. According to rough estimate the depth from the surface to first aquifer exceeds 15 m.
Sensitive end-points: Warehouse is situated upwards the village, at a distance of 100-150 m, being separated by two deposits, whose owners and use were not able to establish. To the southeast of warehouse at 100 m an arable land is located. Towards village direction, at approximate 100-150 m an artesian borehole well is located (according to the visual investigation it is in a functional condition). To the south, south-west (200 m) the small electrical unit is situated. There were observed human footprints and animal spoors around warehouse.
Access to site: Towards warehouse two country roads leads: the first one from village and the second from the farm, which is situated at 400-500 m at the north and northwest. Both roads are country ones and seriously damaged
Findings:
• Technical condition of walls and roof is good. Fencing warning labels and guarding persons are missing. Access inside the building is prohibited.
Warehouse is situated in close vicinity from village and several village deposits at the upper slope gradient.
• Drainage and run-off accumulation systems are missing generating the high risk to village population and artesian well.
• Access of people and livestock on warehouse territory is free.
• Selection of current warehouse for central storing is considered unsuitable with high risk to environment and human being.
• Rehabilitation of access roads would be necessary but traffic may be very hardly implementable during wet conditions.
29 Straseni rayon
General
There are 38 localities in Straseni rayon, including 2 towns (Straseni and Bucovati). The distance from Chisinau to Straseni is 23 km. The total area is 729 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 35347 ha (48,5%). The private agriculture is developed in 86,0% of productive lands. The total population is 88937 people. The urban population constitutes 19648 (22,1%) and rural – 69289 inhabitants (77,9%). The international road is M-14 (Chisinau-Balti-Briceni-the Ucraine), the main republican road is – R1 (Chisinau-Straseni-Calaras-Ungheni). The railway passes through Straseni town.
Environment
Relief: The rayon is situated in limits of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) with maximum altitude up to 400 m, and presents a hilly plain, bent from the north to the south. Soil erosion and landslides phenomenon are highly developed.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -4,0(C, in July +21,0(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 7,8-8,9 (C. The average annual precipitation is 510 mm. The maximum torrent rainfall, calculated at the rate of 1% probability, may reaches up to 130-140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2,1 m/s. Dominated winds directions are from East, North-East and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; south-western is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |7 |32 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |40 |50 |88 days (1952) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |40 hours (1947;1961) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |40 |37 days (1961) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5 |27 |10 days (1966-67) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |35 |40 |22 days (1963) |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The main surface water streams are: Nistru river, Bic river (12,5 km) with its tributaries – Bucovet (10,0 km) and Ichel (28,5 km). Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 22,8 mln m3. There are 32 springs, 4179 shallow wells, and 151 borehole wells. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates.
Soils: Straseni rayon lies in the province of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) forest steppe. Dominated soils are brown and grey forest, and cambic chernozems. Eroded soils occupy an area of 16016 ha (45,3% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,5 m up to 15-30 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 2587,61 ha (35,0%). The greatest oak, beech, ash tree, lime, maple forests are situated near Capriana (5122 ha), Scoreni (4138 ha) villages and Straseni town (3282 ha).
Fauna: The wild boar (Sus scrofa), wild stag (Cervus dama), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), common marten (Martes martes) and birds as: partridge (Perdix), wild duck, white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Scientific reserves | | |
| |«Codru»; Lozova village |5177 ha |
|Nature monuments | | |
|Botanical sites: | | |
|Age-old trees: |Oak Capriana village |5 units |
| |Beech; FD Capriana |1 unit |
| |English oak |18 units |
| |Pear tree arboretum; Straseni |1 unit |
| |English oak „Ştefan Cel Mare”; Capriana |1 unit |
| |White poplar; Straseni railway station |1 unit |
|Natural reserves | | |
|Forests |Standard sector of the grove; between the |110 ha |
| |Malcoci, Condrita and Scoreni villages | |
| |Condrita; FD Condrita |61 ha |
|Landscape reserves | | |
| |Capriana-Scoreni; between Lozoiva, Vorniceni, |1762,4 ha |
| |Panasesti, Truseni, Cojusna villages | |
|Areas of multifunctional management | | |
|Typical areas of meadow vegetation |The meadow in Buda river valley, Capriana |20 ha |
| |The meadow; the protection zone of the |15 ha |
| |scientific reserve „Codru” | |
|Monuments of landscape architecture | | |
| |The alley of larice and lime, pear tree, |2 ha |
| |conifer groups; Rassvet village | |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to candidates to be a central warehouse in Straseni town and Vorniceni village.
Pesticides warehouses
At the time being centralisation and repackaging of obsolete pesticides are not begun. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not reported by the last inventory. The centrali warehouse is selected in town Straseni, but ecological inspectorate does not agreed with rayon’s administration decision and proposes an alternative deposit in village Vorniceni. It is foreseen to stock about 32872 kg of obsolete pesticides. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimated as 35%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Straseni |2790 |- |- |Selected as central warehouse |
|Zubresti |6987 |700 |- |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Cojusna |1161 |- |- |-//- |
|Voinova |1460 |- |630 |-//- |
|Chelauza |5273 |- |322 |-//- |
|Lozova |472 |- |- |-//- |
|Vorniceni |3985 |2000 |1000 |Proposed by Ecological Inspectorate to be a |
| | | | |central warehouse |
|Panasesti |1000 |- |1000 |Initial amount of pesticides |
|Bucovati |4470 |- |- |-//- |
|Siret |4550 |650 |350 |-// |
|Radeni |2984 |- |- |-// |
|Micleuseni |300 |- |300 |-// |
|Total |35432 |4423 |7802 |35% of unknown pesticides |
|Central warehouse – | | | | |
|straseni town | | | | |
Brief report on field survey (nominated central warehouse, Straseni town)
General: The warehouse is belong to “Fertilitate – Straseni” SRL and located in Straseni town. Rayonal administration designated this warehouse for storage of all obsolete pesticides existing in rayon, but rayonal ecological inspection was against these decision. Their argumets are: warehouse is located closely to the town and not far from residential zone and it is situated in river flood plain area with potential to be flooded. Warehouse is 25 year old and in funcion now.
Warehouse: The warehouse is built from reinforced concrete blocks and covered with concrete plates, and is in a relatively good condition. Windows are available and metal doors are locked. The territory is fenced by concrete plates and in a good condition. The access is performed only through the central gate.
Perimeter: The warehouse perimeter is 5,2 ha and is located near railway, even having a railway line directly into warehouse. On the territory there are two more warehouses, which are empty now, one room for guard and administration. The territory is asphalted, in acceptable condition and allows manoeuvring of big tonnage transport units. The drainage and run-off capitation systems are functioning. There is no reek.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located in Bic river meadow on the slope foundation, which is slightly bent to the river floodplain. Phreatic waters are at approximately 2 m depth. The entire meadow of Bic River represents a permanently humid zone, which is covered by reed. The flooding is possible after abundant rainfalls. Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: At immediate vicinity of warehouse the Bic river meadow is situated, represented by marshes, springs and permanently humid zones covered with reed and other wetland vegetation. A small band with grass is situated nearby warehouse perimeter, which is occasionally used as pasture. At 50 m downwards a deposit for construction materials is places, and at 300 m upwards, on the slope, the households of Straseni town are located. On the same direction and at about 100 m distance, a dinking well is situated. Bic River itself is located at 400 m from the warehouse.
Access to site: The main road Chisinau – Straseni – Calarasi is asphalted. The railway line is available even within warehouse building.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in good technical status and operational
• Warehouse perimeter is equipped by all necessary protection constructions
• Guards are available as well as fence which limits non-authorized access
• Repackaging and loading may be implemented inside the building, both for authomobile and railway transport units.
• Air dispersion may be limited but can affect populated periphery of Straseni town and working places of neighbour industrial zone.
• Run-off may contribute to pollution of river Bic environment and groundwater.
Brief report on field survey (proposed alternative candidate to be a central warehouse, Vorniceni village)
General: According to the statement of the chief of Ecological Inspectorate in Straseni rayon most of warehouses are demolished, but at the same time of about 45 tonnes of unused pesticides are stocked. Central deposit is not selected yet. In Zubresti, Siret, Chirianca and Panasesti villages obsolete pesticides were stored temporarily in concreted vessel of solution preparation stations and covered with poilyethilene sheets. Warehouse in Vorniceni village was built nearly 25 years ago. Till 2001 the owner was „Vorniceni” SA, but now warehouse belongs to agricultural cooperative “Vorniceni Agro Vin”. The warehouse has got authorization, and the log-book of the pesticide evidence is at „Vorniceni AgroVin”. The guard is present on the warehouse territory. It has electricity. The capacity of warehouse is 140 tonnes of fertilizers and 5 tonnes of pesticides. At present time there are approximately 1 tone of unused solid pesticides and 300 kg of liquid ones are stored.
Warehouse: The warehouse (10 × 25 m) has 6 sections. Walls are built from concrete plates and stone blocks. The roof (ceiling) is arranged with concrete plates and covered with slates. The metal doors are locked. The big tonnage transport units can enter warehouse perimeter, but manoeuvre can be performed with difficulty.
Perimeter: The warehouse perimeter is about 0,5 ha. Within the perimeter the following units are present: solution preparation station, guard’s dwelling house, the pumping and water storage station for technical water, plots for mechanized transport and helicopter landing place. The drainage systems are functional, but in some places it is covered with soil. The wired fence round warehouse and has a gate (3 m wight).
Surroundings: The warehouse is located at 2,3 km, to the north, northeast regarding Vorniceni village, on the middle part of the slope. Downwards, of the valley (approximately 20-30 m) a small pasture is located. Vineyards round the perimeter. The phreatic waters are at depth of over 5 m. The area is open, exposed to meteorological factors influence.
Sensitive end-points: The warehouse borders with vineyards and a pasture band. Downwards, of the valley, at a distance of about 500 m, the accumulation basin of the water (20×30m) is located, which serves as technical water for solution preparation, potential it is exposed to pollution risk with rain water run off.
Access to site: The road from Vorniceni to the warehouse (2,3 km) is a country one (soil) and goes on the slope, and that is why it is difficult for transport. It passes through Vorniceni village.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in a relatively good condition and it is guarded;
• Some of the repacking, loading and unloading activities of the pesticides can be performed inside the building;
• In case of meteorological unfavourable conditions the access of the transport units to Vorniceni village and warehouse is limited;
• Wind dispersion may affect arable and vuneyard plantations.
Brief report on field survey (old warehouse, Straseni town)
General: Warehouse has over 30 years and was allotted as land share of local population. As a result it was demolished, there was left just remainders of walls and roof.
Warehouse and Perimeter: The area is not fenced, without guard and is located in the upper part of the considerably bent slope, upwards a gravel road lies. Beside the 100 x 300 m sided warehouse there is an open basin, couple of circular basins. All these constructions are partially or completely demolished. All five-warehouse sections are partly demolished. In one of section a pile with broken bags with chemical materials and metal drums with signs of leakage, remainders of different chemicals are situated. Around a specific smell (reek) is felt. The area around is covered with grass and probably local people as pasture for their animals use it.
Surroundings and Sensitive end-points: The warehouse is located in the upper part of the considerably slope bent to the west. Upwards and downwards the warehouse the steep slope and soil erosions are present. Behind the warehouse downwards on the slope the forest starts, which continues to the south, and lateral upward. Around the warehouse the shrub bands are located. To the lateral, upwards, at 10 m from the territory the vineyard plantation lie and over the road, upwards, at 50 m distance the vineyard lies too. Along the road, about 500 m, downwards, the tractor brigade is placed. The Straseni town has its start at 800 m over the road but the Fagureni village over 1 km downwards on the slope, behind the forest. Upwards, to the lateral, at approximately 150 m an artesian well is located. The depth of the phreatic waters is unknown. No rivers and lakes were noticed. On the territory and upwards, on the grass area a numerous garbage piles are located.
Findings:
• Warehouse is seriously dammaged and partially demolished.
• There is stock of obsolete pesticides remaining at open conditions.
• Access is free.
• Slope is considerably bent and favours the leakage to long distances of the contaminated run-off.
30 Taraclia rayon
General
There are 10 settlements in Taraclia rayon, with one central 1 town Taraclia. The distance from Chisinau to Taraclia is 153 km. At the east it borders the Ukraine (Odessa region). The total area of rayon is 6734 km2, including dominated agricultural land placed at the area of 55623,1 ha (82,7%). The total population is 43151 people, includes 13758 (31,9%) urban and 6659 (68,1%) rural inhabitants. The road of international traffic is M3 (Chisinau – Izmail-the Ukraine town). Railway lines are available and connect Basarabeasca – Taraclia – Bolgrad towns (the last is situated in the Ukraine).
Environment
Relief: Rayon is located within limits of the Southern Moldavian Plain and it is divided in two parts by Ialpug river valley. The western side is a little bit more elevated and dismembered by river ravines. The eastern side is gentler. The erosion and sliding processes are highly developed.
Climate. The monthly average temperature in January is –3,2(C, in July +21, 7(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 7,8-8,4 (C. The average annual precipitation is 400 mm. The maximum of torrent rainfall may reache up to 100-120 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2,1 m/s. The most frequent direction (rosette) of wind are East, North-East and South-East.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (month of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |38 |49 |115 days (1949) |
|Fogs |46 |77 |197 hours (1966) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 |21 days (1953-54) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |10-17 |15 days (1957-58) |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |33 |45 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources. The principal water streams are: Salcia Mare (15 km), Salcia (39 km), Taracliica (11,5 km). Important artificial water basin is located near Taraclia town. Its total water volume is 62 mln m3. The local water resources constitutes as 9,5 mln m3. There are: 15 springs, 1294 mine wells, 83 artesian wells.. The water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates, sulphates and chlorines..
Soil: According to the geographical-pedological classification, Taraclia rayon is belong to the Danubian steppe province of the typical, calcareous and cambic chernozem region of the South-Bassarabian steppe plain. 80% of the soils are calcareous and typical chernozem. Eroded soils occupy an area of 16179 ha (29,1 % from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters. Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,5 m up to 15-20 m on water divide.
Flora. The remaining natural vegetation is steppe and forest steppe. Forests and forest plantations occupy an area of 4614 ha (6,8%). The greatest oak, maple, acacia, walnut tree, mazzard lime, forests are situated near Tvardita (390 ha), Budai and Dermenji villages.
Fauna: Fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), ground squirrel, steppe polecat, and birds species as partridge (Perdix perdix), skylark, starrow and many others can be found.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites |Steep slope, Biudai village |5 ha |
| |Steep slope, Musait village |5 ha |
| |Rockiness, Taraclia town |4,1 ha |
|Areas of myltifunctional use | | |
|Bugeac steppe sector |Vinogradovca village |50 ha |
|Protection forestry systems |Tvardita village |80,3 ha |
There are no natural protections territories identified that are located at the potential zones of influence and near the central warehouses in Taraclia town and Albota de Sus village.
Pesticides warehouses
There are two central warehouses have been seleceted (Taraclia town and Albota de Sus village). Currently there are no repackaging and centralisation starts. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are registered at village Albota de Jos (toxaphen – 400 kg). The quota of the unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimeted as 70%. It is expected that total obsolete pesticides stock in Taraclia rayon will reach up to 110 tones.
|Pesticide warehouse |Total quantity, kg |Including unknown |Notes |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Taraclia |4320 |3200 |350 |Seleceted as central warehouse |
|Albota de Sus |33500 |3500 |3000 |Seleceted as central warehouse |
|Valea Perjei |3584 |200 |200 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Balabani |14826 |- |- |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Cairaiclia |5590 |2250 |2000 |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Tvardita |4230 |- |- |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Albota de Jos |2360 |- |- |400 kg toxaphen-POPs |
|Novoselovca |1440 |- |- |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Musait |1000 |- |- |Initial amout of pesticides |
|Total |109580 |9150 |67200 |70% unknown |
|Central warehouses – Taraclia | | | |It is foreseen ti stock about 110 tonnes |
|town and Albota de Sus villages| | | |of obsolete pesticides |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Taraclia town)
General: The warehouse is situated far away from Taraclia town at the distance of 8 km. At present time the warehouse belongs to „Rodina Nova” collective farm. The age of the warehouse is over 30 years. The warehouse was used for pesticide and mineral fertilizers storaging. The warehouse construction was performed in accordance with design and by authorization from the ministry (the respective documentation is missing now). The maximal volume of the warehouse surpasses 1000 tonnes. Telephone and electricity lines are missing. Guarding is performed, but guarding personell is sitting at a tractor brigade near by.
Warehouse: The dimensions of warehouse building for storing of pesticides are 10 x 100 m, the sise of second building for mineral fertilizers deposition is 10 x 80 m. The distance between them is 5–7 m. The pesticide warehouse condition is good. Walls are formed from limestone, without fissures or holes. Roof is slate and in a good condition. Floor is concrete. The warehouse is divided into five sections, some of f them are empty now. Current stocks of obsolete pesticides are stored in two sections (polyethilene bags and 200 littres methal drums). The access inside the building is blocked by wooden doors, which are locked with padlocks.
Perimeter: The second building, probably designated for mineral fertilisers deposition are loceted closely to the pesticide warehouse. The second deposit is partly demolished. Behind warehouses an asphalted plot is situated as well as an accumulation well and concrete plot. Between two buildings a water methal cistern buried in the ground. The perimeter is fenced with net, at some places destroyed, or with missing portions. The gate is present. The drainage and water run-off collection systems are missing. Any warning labels are missing. The warehouse territory is covered with a thick layer of grass.
Surroundings: The warehouse is situated far avay from any locality. The plot is slightly bent to the northeast and southeast. On the direction of northeast at 50 m distance a garbage dump is located. The predominant soil is clayey chernozem. The ground waters are probably placed very deep.
Sensitive end-points: Within 300-m radius only arable fields and tractor brigade (200 m to the south) are found.
Access to site: From Taraclia town a cobbled country road (8 km distance) is available. Its conditions are acceptable.
Findings:
• Warehouse is located far away from residential areas
• Technical condition of the building is good, Warehouse is fenced and guarded
• Transportation access is acceptable
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Albota de Sus village)
General: The warehouse is situated on the lands of Albota de Sus village. At present, warehouse is belonging to „SPK Albota”association. The age of the warehouse is over 30 years. The warehouse construction was performed in accordance with the design, but documentation is missing now. The warehouse was designed for pesticide and mineral fertilizers storage. Currently a greater part of the capacity is used for seed processing and mineral fertilizers deposition. The total capacity is approximately 500 tones. Telephone line is missing, but electricity is available as well as a guard.
Warehouse: The warehouse dimensions are 15 x 50 m. The building is in a good condition. Walls have been made from stone bricks, and actually are without any loopholes or breaking down. The roof is of slate and has some holes and fissures. Floor is concrete and in a good condition. Windows are at place. Wooden doors are locked with padlocks. The warehouse is divided into three sections. One section is empty now. The second is used for fertilisers and the third one – for obsolete pesticides storage.
Perimeter: On the warehouse territory there are station for solution preparation, transportation plot, hole to slake lime, and dryer (open shed) are located. The perimeter is fenced with net, which is damaged at several segments. Warning labels, with exception of red triangle at warehouse doors, are missing.
Surroundings: The warehouse is placed at the periphery of village Albota de Sus, on a slope with a inclination of 3-4 degrees to the north-east. Warehouse is located at the first terrace of a small local river. The slope inclination, clay soil and pasture vegetation layer contribute to possible pesticide run-off to the direction of local rivulet (witch further flow into Salcia Mare river – Ialpug river – Ialpug lake).
Sensitive end-points: At the radius of 300 m from warehouse following sensitive end-points are located: village Albota de Sus (150 m to the first dwelling houses and drinking wells), pastures (10-20 m), tractor brigade (300 m), vineyard (50 m) and river flood plain (100 m). Downhill fron warehouses the river stream are situated with the flow direction towards the residential area of village and several segments of wetlands nearby. Local water stream is videly used by local population for watering of livestock and domestik birds.
Access to site: The good conditioned asphalted road passes at 25-30 m from the warehouse (Albota de Sus – Sofiievca). The road is passed along the river valley, meadow and flood plain.
Findings:
• Warehouse is in functin now and its technical condition is relatively good.
• Fence is available and guarding is ensured.
• Transportation access is available.
• The air dispersion of potentially contaminated particles may affect several important end-points: residential areas, drinking wells, pastures, vyneyard, working places at tractor brigade, natural local water stream and wetland vegetation.
• Potentially contaminated run-off may affect wetland areas, clocely located dwellings and river quality, which is important for local livelyhood as a source for livestock watering.
31 Telenesti rayon
General
There are 55 localities in Telenesti rayon, including 1 town (Telenesti). The distance from Chisinau to Telenesti is 94 km. The total area is 849 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 63395 ha (74,7%). The private agriculture is developed in 78,1% of productive lands. The total population is 70022 people. The urban population constitutes 6765 (9,7%) and rural – 63257 inhabitants (90,3%). The international road is – M2 (Chisinau-Soroca-the Ukraine) and the main republican road is R14 (Telenesti-Balti).
Environment
Relief: The southeastern part of rayon is situated in limits of the Codru Hills. The relief is powerfully dismembered. Soil erosion and landslides phenomenon are highly developed. The other part presents a ravine, more elevated at the north (Ciuluc Plateau) and at the east Prenistru Hills.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -4,0(C, in July +20,5(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 8,2-8,6 (C. The average annual precipitation is 475 mm. The precipitations, as in the whole Republic of Moldova, fall irregular, their maximal rainfalls happen in July and August. Most frequent they fall as torrent rainfalls. The maximum torrent rainfall, calculated at the rate of 1% probability, may reaches up to 140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds are from East, North-East and South-East. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; south-western is 11-12 m/s and north-western is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomena:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |5 |30 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |45 |60 |127 days (1950) |
|Fogs |41 |63 |67 hours (1954) |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |10-15 |10 days (1968) |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |10 |27 |14 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |31 |40 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The main surface water streams are the Raut (35 km) with its tributaries Cilucul Mic (30 km), Ciulucul de Mijloc (10 km), Ciulucul Mare (15 km) rivers. Big water basins are situated on the river Ciulucul Mic near Ghiliceni (capacity 1,3 mln m3), Mindresti (water volume 1,21 mln m3) villages; and on the river Ciulucul Mare near Verejeni village with total water volume 1,7mln m3. Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 33,0 mln m3. There are 6 springs, 2711 shallow wells, and 178 borehole wells. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates, and sulphates.
Soils: The majority of the Telenesti rayon belongs to the Grey Forest soil and cambic chernozems region of the hilly Codru. Dominated soils are typical and cambic chernozems. The grey forest soils are also met. Eroded soils occupy an area of 24874,0 ha (39,2% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,5 m up to 15-25 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 20240 ha (18,7%). The greatest oak, lime, acacia, mazzard, walnut tree, maple forests are situated near Telenesti town and Ghiliceni, Mihalasa and Inesti villages.
Fauna: Wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), ground squirrel; and birds as: partridge (Perdix), big and small turtle (Streptopelia orientalis, senegalensis), skylark (Calandrella) and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Nature monuments | | |
|Botanical sites: | | |
|Secular trees: |English oak,Telenesti |2 units |
| | | |
|Natural reserves | | |
|Forests |Ghiliceni; to the south-west of Ghiliceni village |38 ha |
| |Telenesti; to the north of Crasnaseni |111 ha |
|Areas of multifunctional management | | |
|Typical areas of meadow vegetation |Meadow; tributary of the Raut river, Chitcanii |20 ha |
| |Vechi village | |
| |Meadow with typical vegetation; the flooded meadow|30 ha |
| |of the Ciulucul Mare river, Verejeni village | |
| |Meadow; the flooded meadow of the Ciulucul |10 ha |
| |Mijlociu river, Verejeni village | |
| |Meadow with vegetation the flooded meadow of the |20 ha |
| |Ciulucul Mare river, Banesti village | |
| |Meadow with grass; the flooded meadow of the |20 ha |
| |Ciulucul Mijlociu river, Zgardesti | |
| |Meadow with grass of the gigantică field; |8 ha |
| |tributary of the Ciulucul Mijlociu river, | |
| |Mindresti village | |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse in Ratus village.
Pesticides warehouses
At present moment at central warehouse in Ratus village 305 532 kg of pesticides are stocked. Repackaging and centralisation of obsolete pesticides in rayon are finished. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have not been identified during the last inventory. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimated as 42%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Ratus |47120 |15000 |32120 |Central warehouse |
|Brinzenii Vechi |8482 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Tintareni |2602 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Negureni |4750 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Hiriseni |9254 |- |500 |Evacuated |
|Chitcanii Vechi |24640 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Leuseni |9099 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Tirsitei |9039 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Mindresti |8402 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Pistrueni |200 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Scorteni |13100 |4000 |8000 |Evacuated |
|Coropceni |3145 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Nucapreni |2600 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Budei |218 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Banestii Vechi |760 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Ordasei |2500 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Cazanesti |1230 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Mihalasa |110 |- |- |Evacuated |
|TOTAL: |143589 |19000 |40620 |42% of unknown pesticides |
|Central warehouse – Ratus | | | |At present 305,5 tones are stored |
Brief report on field survey (central warehouse, Ratus village)
General: The warehouse was built 25 years ago, as interregional warehouse for storage and distribution of the pesticides in Telenesti rayon. For the past 10 years it was not used. At present moment, the warehouse is at the balance of „Fertilitatea”SA. Couple years ago one of sections was repaired (roof, redecoration of walls) for storage of obsolete and forbidden pesticides from the rayon. The warehouse was built in accordance with design. Currently, in one section, about 300 tonnes of pesticide remainders are stored, partly in drums on edge and partly of solid (powder). As local mayor reporting last summer, in 2004, a fire took place at warehouse section with pesticides and part of the drums has burnt. Formally warehouse is guarded, but the keeper does not stay there permanently.
Warehouse: The warehouse’s walls are good and without fissures. The roofs are with slates over the section, where the stocked pesticides are stored. The rest section are empty and without roof and doors. On the perimeter a slight reek is felt. The floor is concreted. The door is locked with padlock. The size of the doors allow the entrance of the of the transport unit inside the warehouse. As the result of the visual analysis, it was noticed that a part of the drums are stored on the edge, in piles in the corners. The free space is limited on the floor.
Perimeter: Within warehouse perimeter, besides the warehouse (with the repaired section and two sections without roofs there are two skeletons of former mineral fertilizers warehouse (one of them was used as pesticide warehouse). The warehouse is fenced with dam and wave, but fence itself is missing. The warning signs are missing. During the survey a couple of villagers walked through the warehouse territory. Inside the perimeter the spoors and faeces of the sheep and goats are noticed. Area is asphalted, but with numerous loopholes.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope on the first terrace of the Ciulucul Mare River, near its discharge point into Raut River. The relief is flat with a slight inclination to the meadow. The landscape is open for the winds. The phreatic waters are at 5 m depth. The marshy lots are located in the meadow. Flooding cases were not registered, but there were cases when surface water reached warehouse perimeter. Soils are presented through loam and clay. The territory downwards the perimeter is with grass.
Sensitive end-points: Upwards the warehouse the arable lands lie, and to the lateral to the Mindra village a vineyard lot is located. A part of the meadow, which is downwards the warehouse, is used as pasture, the other part presents a slight marshy plot. There are drainage canals in the meadow, where the poultry (geese, ducks) from the Mindra village goes. At 300 m from the warehouse to the southeast the Mindra village is placed (with 300 people, 100 cattle, 70 sheep and goats, 20 wells). At 100 m to the southwest the poultry farm is located. On the same direction the local agro-industrial enterprises and the administrative buildings (mayoralty) of Ratus village are located.
Access to site: The distance from the warehouse till the Chisinau – Balti road is 1300 m. the road is with gravel. The road condition is acceptable. The road passes on the periphery of the Ratus village.
Findings:
• Repaired section of warehouse is in relatively good conditions, but overloaded by pesticides drums.
• Unauthorized access for humans and livestock is noticed.
• Warehouse is situated near flood plain and potentially may be flooded.
• Through the wind in the range of 300 m the pollution risk of the arable lands, vineyard, pastures, water from drainage canals, where a lot of poultry are, and dwellings of Mindra village exists.
• Through the run-off the drainage canals, meadow and rivers Ciulucul Mare and Raut rivers persists.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Budai village)
General: The warehouse was built more than 30 years ago. Initially it served as the main warehouse of pesticides and mineral fertilizers for local sovkhoz. At present moment, the warehouse is at the balance of the agricultural association Agro Budaianca SRL. The warehouse is partially demolished now. From this warehouse 15 600 kg of pesticides were transported to the central warehouse in Ratus village. Warehouse is located at the periphery of village at 20 m from oil mill, and tractor brigade. There were cases of livestock poisoning (1999-2000). Water from the shallow well, which is 10 m aside from warehouse perimeter, has a smell of pesticides and it is not used. Downwards on the slope land sliding phenomenon is development, where livestock is grazing. There are no pesticides now in warehouse, with the exception of a couple empty metal drums, but pesticides, absorbed on drum’s walls spread a strong reek around. Local population, as well as some limestone bricks took off doors and windows from walls. This "memorial" is located at village periphery and local public administration is waiting for some guideline about how to demolish warehouse and what to do with construction materials, which is absorbed with pesticides.
Warehouse: The warehouse’s walls are of stone bricks, a part of them are demolished, some walls are destroyed completely. The roof is concrete plates with number of big holes and significantly damaged in some places. Windows and doors are demolished. The floor is concrete, but with holes and loopholes.
Perimeter: The warehouse is located at Budai village periphery on the middle part of the slope, on an area slightly bent to the south (inclination angle 2-40). Around the warehouse the fence is missing. Within the perimeter limits a hole to slake lime and paved plot for transport, which is partially destroyed, are situated. In the vicinity there are few cisterns that are not used. Within the perimeter the signs of contaminated run-off has been identified
Surroundings: The warehouse is located at the village periphery on the middle part of the slope, bent to the south. At 30 m downwards on the slope the landsliding area has been found. Some of depressions have ground waters stand out on the surface. Affection of warehouse by the landsliding phenomenon is possible in future. The phreatic waters are at the depth of 10-15 m. At 15 m from the warehouse perimeter a well is located. It was used as drinking but now it has a pesticide smell. Soils are sandy-clayey.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from warehouse following end-points are found: arable lands vineyard, village (20 m from warehouse) where 2227 people are living and possesses 250 cattle, and over 1000 sheep and pigs. There are 300 shallow drinking wells in village.
Findings:
• Warehouse is old, partially demolished, walls are absorbed by pesticides and highly deformed that clearly shows tendency to be collapsed. Access on warehouse territory is free.
• Within the perimeter the residual pesticide leakages, caused by run-off are noticed.
• Landslide processes affect warehouse.
• Through the wind dispersion the arable lands, vineyard, pastures, where a lot of poultry and domestic livestock are grasing may be affceted as well as dwelling and agro-industrial zone of village.
32 Ungheni rayon
General
There are 63 localities in Ungheni rayon, including one central town (Ungheni). The distance from Chisinau to Ungheni is 107 km. The rayon is bordering the Prut River, which is a state border with Romania. The total area is 1083 km2, including agricultural lands, which covered 74238 ha (68,6%). The private agriculture is developed in 73,2% of productive lands. The total population is 110750 people. The urban population constitutes 35157 (31,74%) and rural – 75593 inhabitants (68,26%). The main republican road is – R1 (Chisinau-Ungheni). The railway passes through Ungheni to Iasi (Romania).
Environment
Relief: The north eastern part of rayon is elevated and it is situated in limits of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) with maximum altitude up to 400 m, and presents a hilly plain. Soil erosion and landslides phenomenon are highly developed. The deep dales and ravines powerfully dismember it.
Climate: The monthly average temperature in January is -4,0(C, in July +21,0(C. The multi-annual average temperature is 7,8-8,9 (C. The average annual precipitation is 525 mm. The maximum torrent rainfall, calculated at the rate of 1% probability, may reaches up to 130-140 mm. The average annual of wind speed is 2-3 m/s. Dominated winds are from East, Northeast and Southeast. The maximum average annual of western wind speed is 12-13 m/s; southwestern is 11-12 m/s and northwestern is 10-12 m/s.
Registered natural unfavourable phenomenon:
|Phenomenon (months of occurrence) |Average days per year |Maximum days per year |Maximum duration |
|Hail (IV-XI) |2 |8 |90 min. |
|Strong wind (>15 m/s) |3 |20 |Winter –spring – 6-18 days |
|Fogs |15 |30 |16 days; 40 hours |
|Slipperiness (XI-IV) |10 |15 | |
|Snow storms (X-IV) |5-10 |15 |9 days |
|Storms (IV-VIII) |30 |45 | |
Hydrology and Water Resources: The main surface water streams are the transboundary Prut river (29km), and small rivers: Varsava (21,9 km), Delia (26,7 km), Vladnic (31,8 km), Soltoia (32,0 km), Cula (17 km). Almost 30 ponds with 1134 ha total area are located in the region. Important water reservoirs are situated near Cioropcani (with volume of 1,63 mln m3), Zagorancea (capacity 1,10 mln m3) villages and Ungheni town (water volume 1,79 mln m3). Local water resources, which are ensured for normal precipitation year, constitute 45,3 mln m3. There are 7 springs, 3771 shallow wells, 107 borehole wells, out of total number of drinking water supply sources, which is 3885. The springs with mineral water are located near Cornesti and Hirjauca villages. Water quality from shallow wells is insufficient according to the dry residue indexes, nitrates, and fluorine.
Soils: Ungheni rayon lies in the province of the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codru) forest steppe. Dominated soils are brown and grey forest, cambic chernozem. Eroded soils occupy an area of 32184 ha (37,2% from the agricultural land).
Phreatic waters: Shallow groundwater level varies in the river meadows from 0,5-2,5 m up to 15-50 m on water divide.
Flora: The natural vegetation is a forest steppe. The forests (and forest plantations) occupy an area of 20240 ha (18,7%). The greatest oak, beech, ash tree, lime, maple forests are situated near Radenii Vechi (5525 ha), Pojarna (933 ha), Valea Mare (764 ha), Costuleni (460 ha), Corneşti (287 ha) villages and Rezina town (487 ha).
Fauna: The wild boar (Sus scrofa), wild stag (Cervus dama), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes-vulpes), hare (Lepus europaeus), badger (Meles meles), common marten (Martes martes) and birds as: partridge (Perdix), wild duck, white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and others species can be found in limit of rayon.
Natural protected areas
|Category |Name, location |Area or quantity |
|Scientific reserves | | |
| |„Plaiul Fagului”; Radenii Vechi village |5642 ha |
|Nature monuments: | | |
|Geological and paleontological sites: |Levantin terrace from Codri zone, at 1,5 km to |5 ha |
| |the south-east of Buciumeni village on the left| |
| |slope of the Girla Mare river ravine, at the | |
| |water divide | |
| |The steep coast near Sinesti village; at 2 km |1 ha |
| |to south-west, on the left slope | |
|Botanical sites: | | |
|Secular trees: |English oak, Radeni Villa |4 units |
| |English oak, Radeni Villa |2 units |
| |English oak, Radeni Villa |1 unit |
|Landscape reserves | | |
| |Valea Mare; to the south of the Ungheni town, |373 ha |
| |forest detour Ungheni; Valea Mare | |
|Areas of multifunctional management | | |
|Typical areas of meadow vegetation |Meadow tributary of the Cula river, Cornova |4 ha |
| |village | |
| |Meadow; flooded meadow of the Cula river, |57 ha |
| |Condratesti village | |
| |Meadow with typical vegetation; flooded meadow |59,5 ha |
| |of the Cula river, Hircesti village | |
| |Meadow with typical vegetation |21,4 ha |
| |Meadow with typical vegetation |12,8 ha |
All registered protected natural areas are not situated closely to central warehouse located at shooting range Ungheni.
Pesticides warehouses
At present moment at the centralal deposit, located within the shoooting range near town Ungheni 78 tonnes of pesticides are stocked as it has been evacuated from 12 warehouses. At the time being repackaging of obsolete pesticides are carrying on. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not reported by the last inventory. Portion of unknown pesticides (liquid + solid) is estimated as 24%.
|Warehouse |Total amount, kg |Including unknown |Comment |
| | |Liquid |Powder | |
|Boghenii Noi |200 |200 |- |Evacuated |
|Chirileni |1400 |400 |1000 |Evacuated |
|Costuleni |2600 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Hircesti |800 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Macaresti |1000 |- |1000 |Evacuated |
|Negurenii Vechi |2500 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Petresti |400 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Pirlita |15000 |1510 |100 |Evacuated |
|Radenii Vechi |3000 |100 |- |Evacuated |
|Sculeni |3000 |1000 |- |Evacuated |
|Untesti |810 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Valea Mare |470 |- |- |Evacuated |
|Total: |31190 |3400 |4100 |24% of unknown pesticides |
|Cenral deposit – Ungheni | | | |78000 kg of obsolete pesticides are stocked |
|shooting range | | | | |
Brief report on field survey (central deposit, shooting range Ungheni)
General: Deposit, located at the military training field near Ungheni town has been built about 30 years ago. It was foredoomed for deposition of chemical substancies of the army. The documentation and the project have still remained. There is one single section, where the pesticides are kept. Cyurrently about 77 600 kg of pesticides are accumulated from the entire rayon. They have been packed in 2234 bags (solid pesticides) and 87 drums (liquid pesticides). The warehouse dimensions are 22 x 12 m, 5 m height. The warehouse is situated on the territory of a shooting range, where other constructions are placed and are guarded by soldiers. According to statements of the regional ecological inspectorate, the local administration decided to use this warehouse as central one because the rest pesticide deposits in rayon are demolished or partially destroyed. There are performed some reparation before centralisation of obsolete pesticide starts.
Warehouse: The walls are built of limestone, being in a good condition. The roof is of concrete plates with ruberoid. According to the project, the building had no windows, but now holes had been made for ventilation. Wooden doors are with padlock. The floor is concreted, but with some loopholes. There is one single section, where the solid and liquid pesticides are kept in bags and drums respectively. The size of the doors allows entering of transport units.
Perimeter: The shooting range is rounded with barbed wire. Within the perimeter a ground dam has been build. The drainage system, accumulation basin and evaporation plot are missing.
Surroundings: The deposit is located on the upper part of the slope, slightly bent (2-40) with the exposition to the south. The distance till the nearest localities is 4 km. The phreatic waters are at the depth of over 15 m. Soils are clayey.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from the deposit the arable lands and pastures, at some places affected by landslids are located. At the distance of 500 m from the warehouse to the northwest a protection band lies. Delia river meadow is situated at the distance of 1,5 km.
Access to site: The distance from deposit to the main road is 1,5 km, having may big and deep holes. The road is from gravel.
Findings:
• Deposit is in a relatively good condition but has not been specifically designed as pesticides warehouse, that is why some protection engineering systems (drainage, run-off accumulation reservoirs, etc.) are missing
• Access on the territory is forbidden. Deposit is protected with barbed wired fence and guarded by soldiers;
• There are conditions to load and unload pesticides inside the building.
• Acces road is 1,5 km but have lot of deep holes.
• The contamination risk of sensible end-points is low.
Brief report on field survey (evacuated warehouse, Todiresti village)
General: The warehouse was built in 1970. Initially it served as the main warehouse for pesticides and mineral fertilizers deposition of a local sovkhoz. At the presen, Faunus-Vladnici SRL owns the warehouse. The warehouse is partially demolished now. Nearest area around warehouse is strongly polluted (yellow patch on the soil and vegetation). The regional ecological inspectorate considered that at Todiresti village was and remains the most dangerous warehouse, because it was demolishing while over 10 tonnes of pesticides were stored. There was no guard. The roof was demolished Workers who were involved in activities with pesticides suffer from different kind of skin diseases, nervous and sanguine systems. According to the mayor’s statements the local people know about the danger that this warehouse can cause but they still continue to demolish it. Local administration does not know what to do with demolished construction materials as it is hardly absorbed by pesticides.
Warehouse: Warehouse has been built from limestone, being hardly polluted by pesticides, and some of them are demolished. The roof is of slates, but a greater part of them are completely missing. Windows and doors are demolished remaining just as big holes. The floor is concrete, but with holes and loopholes.
Perimeter: The warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope and occupies a part of the meadow, having a slightly inclination to the west. There is no drainage network on the territory. The accumulation basin is present but it is muddy by construction residuals from demolished walls. Within the perimeter a station for solution preparation is placed. The fence is missing and access is free. The signs of solid and liquid pesticides, caused by surface run-off are noticed within the perimeter. Near warehouse a village dump is placed.
Surroundings: The warehouse is located on the lower part of the slope, and occupies a part of the meadow of a local watercourse, tributary of Vladnic River. The slope has exposition to the south-west, being affected by old landslides. To the north at 100 m from warehouse a few marshy zones are situated, where phreatic waters come out on the surface. The phreatic waters are at the depth of approximately 2-5 m. Soils are sandy.
Sensitive end-points: In the range of 300 m from warehouse following sensitive end-points may be mentioned: arable land, pastures (10-20m from warehouse). Todiresti village is situated at the distance of 500 m. At 20 m from warehouse a small tributary of Vladnic river is flowing, which may received all contaminated run-offs originated after warehouse zone. Near the road and at 25 m from warehouse a damaged shallow well, which is not used now, is situated.
Findings:
• Warehouse is partially demolished and access is free.
• Signs pesticides pollution, caused by run-off is found within the perimeter.
• Location of warehouse near the meadow allows flooding and groundwater pollution.
• Contamination by air movement may affect arable crops and pastures where a lot of livestock are grazing.
• Contaminated run-off may contribute to poor water quality of Vladnic river.
Quick reconnaissance survey of electrical substations
Soroca electrical substation, 110 kV
The substation is located at the town outskirts, in its uphill, non-residential part (N-NW). The unit is situated by the road, the access is excellent. The substation is surrounded by the road and an industrial area (at N); by small agriculture plots and the downtown (at S; NOTE: the maternity hospital is situated at 500-600 m); and arable land (at E and W). The substation was built on a plane area, which gets a slight inclination towards S and ends up in a dale. The substation perimeter is rectangular, approximately 100 m x 150 m.
The substation has two batteries of capacitors, located in the NW and NE corners (near the road), on metallic support constructions, approximately 8m x 8m. The number of capacitors is 400, which is less than indicated in Moldelectrica records (528). There are empty spaces on the support constructions looking like some of the capacitors have been taken away. The staff could provide no explanation on this matter. The capacitors are in good condition; there are no leaking signs. The substation dates from 1972 but the capacitors are more recent. The capacitors are not in use. A container for storing leaking capacitors is situated by the batteries, with some capacitors stored inside. One can feel a slight smell of PCBs oil (sovol) coming from the container.
A dug well for drinking purposes was constructed near the entrance to the substation, some 50-60 m from the capacitor batteries. The well is 12-13 m deep and is well maintained. The person on duty is aware of the risks related to the capacitors. The personnel is eager the capacitors to be removed from there as soon as possible.
Conclusion:
There are no immediate major risks for the population. The removal of capacitors from the station does not raise any specific technical and/or organizational problems. The staff is aware of the problem.
Drochia electrical substation, 110 kV
The substation is located at the eastern outskirts of the town, between the road Pelinia-Drochia-Donduseni (at S) and the rail road (at N). The access is good. The substation neighbours the residential area (at W) and a small forested area (at E). The substation is situated on a relatively plane area which gets a slight inclination to the East (forested area). The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 200m x 200m.
The substation has two capacitor batteries situated on support constructions, 6m x 8m each, located in the NW corner, just near the fence, at just 10 m from houses and private household yards (agriculture land). There are 528 capacitor elements. The capacitors are in good condition, no visible leakage signs exist. Reportedly, the capacitors are 20-25 years old. They are not in use for long time. No containers for leaking capacitors exist at the substation.
The residential area is situated just near the station, very close to the capacitors. Two dug wells are located nearby, both used for drinking purposes: one in the neighbour household, at 15 m from the capacitor batteries, and one near the entrance to the substation, by the road (150 m from the capacitors). Both wells are some 20 m deep.
Conclusion:
There are considerable risks for neighbor population. The removal of capacitors from the station does not raise any specific technical and/or organizational problems.
Donduseni electrical substation
The substation is located at the town outskirts (N-W), not far from the road Donduseni-Corbu, in a semi-industrial area. The access road is pretty good; however, the way on the station’s territory is sinuous and the possibilities for trucks maneuvering are limited. The substation is situated on a relatively plane area which gets a slight inclination to the North-East and opens into a valley with a pond situated in its lowest part (500-600 m from the station). The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 100 m x 100 m.
The substation has one battery of capacitors (5m x 5m), located in the South corner, just near the fence and the station gate, near the road and very close (< 10 m) to the houses and private households. The capacitors, in number of 165, are functional but are not in use. Two locked containers for storing leaking capacitors are situated near capacitor batteries. Reportedly, one of them holds 2 broken capacitors, and another one holds the remains of 10-15 capacitors deposited there some 3 years ago. There are visible signs of leakage from one of the containers.
Reportedly, during the 1970s and 1980s at least 6-7 accidents with explosions of capacitors took place, the last one in 1990. The exact number of exploded capacitors is not known. No information about what happened with the remains of the exploded or damaged capacitors could be acquired at the station; the personnel suggested that they have probably been transported away (IMPORTANT NOTE: un-officially, there were talks about “some capacitors are burried at the station”; the information has not been disclosed in order “not to alert the population”).
The residential area is situated just near the substation, very close to the capacitor batteries. Two dug wells are located nearby, both used for drinking purposes: one at about 50 m from capacitor batteries, and another one at about 150 m. The groundwater layer is very close to the surface, maximum 1m. The personnel is aware of the risks related to the capacitors and there is general hope that they will be removed as soon as possible, given the risks of affecting the staff working at the substation.
Conclusions:
There are considerable health risks for the population living nearby, via air transport and/or contamination of the shallow groundwater. Besides, the migration of PCBs towards the pond located downhill is possible via the subsurface flow. The potential contamination risks are exacerbated by the broken capacitors supposedly burried at/near the substation (to be confirmed). The removal of capacitors from the station does not raise any specific technical and/or organizational problems.
Edinet electrical substation, 110/35 kV
The substation is located at the road entrance to the town, at 100 m from the road Chisinau-Edinet, on the left side. The substation is framed by the main road (N-E), a local road, houses and private households (N-W), and arable land (S-W and S-E). The access is good. There is enough space for trucks maneuvering. The substation is situated on a plane area. The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 100 m x 100 m.
The substation has two capacitor batteries situated on support constructions, 6m x 8m each, located in the N corner, just near the fence, at just 5 m from houses and private household yards. There are 349 capacitor elements. The capacitors, in number of 349, are functional but are not in use. The capacitors are in good condition, no visible leakage signs exist. No containers for leaking/old capacitors exist at the substation.
The residential area is situated just near the substation, very close to the capacitor batteries. A dug well is located at the entrance to the station, built last year for drinking purposes. The well is 10 m deep.
Conclusion:
There are considerable health risks for the population living nearby, due to the very close location of the residential area.
Briceni electrical substation, 110/35/10 kV
The substation is located in the town, east and downhill of a busy road, in a mixed area gathering industrial sites, administrative buildings and private houses. The station is framed by the road (at 50 m W), administrative buildings and private houses (N and S), and a slope fallow land probably used for grazing (E). A house for 2-3 families and leisure and playing ground for children is located just at the N-W (uphill) corner of the station, some 30 m away from the fence. Access is difficult due to sinuous road on station’s territory and the possibilities for trucks maneuvering are limited. The substation is situated on a mild eastern slope; the inclination is accentuated outside the station. The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 70 m x 70 m.
The substation has one battery of capacitors (in number of 251), located in the eastern (downhill) part of the station, near the fence and close to the station gate. 13 capacitor batteries are missing from the battery and the staff knows nothing about this. The capacitors are out of use for more than a decade. There condition is not good, many of them are rusty but no visible signs of pollution exist. The distance between the capacitor battery and the inhabited house is about 100 m but the house is located uphill. No containers for storing leaking capacitors exist at the station.
The residential area is situated quite close to the capacitors. A dug well (10-15 m deep) built near the house is regularly used by the inhabitants for drinking purposes.
Conclusion:
There are health risks for the population living nearby, primarily due to the close location of the residential area.
Lipcani electrical substation, 110/35/10 kV
The substation is located in the S-E part of the town, near the road to Sirauti, on a plane area. The station is framed by the road (at 5 m W), administrative buildings and houses (N), and arable land (S and E). Houses and private households are located at 15-20 m from the station, across the road. Access and possibilities for trucks maneuvering are good. The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 60 m x 60 m. At the N-W corner of the station there is an area (some 25 m x 30 m) planted with fruit bearing trees.
The substation has one battery of capacitors (in number of 177), located in the western part of the station, near the road. 3-4 years ago, the capacitors were taken out of use. There condition is good, no visible signs of pollution exist. No containers for storing leaking capacitors exist at the station.
The residential area and the fruit trees are situated very close to the capacitor battery.
Conclusion:
There are health risks for the population living nearby, primarily due to the close location of the residential area.
Orhei electrical substation
The substation has an almost square perimeter, approximately 150 m x 150 m, and is situated on a height at the town outskirts, in an uninhabited area, except for two houses located just near the station. The access to the station is difficult, due to poor roads and the slope. However, the possibilities for trucks maneuvering at the premises are good. The substation is situated on a plateau and is surrounded by smaller hillocks. A steep slope starts at 30-40 m W from the station, oriented to the town (situated downhill), while vineyards are planted to the S and E. A boarding school is situated at 500-600 m N-E. A house inhabited by two families is practically adjoined to the station fence (at 3 m) and is situated just near the capacitor batteries; a second house is located close to the first one. Adjoined to the station fence, a rest family area, a shelter for sheep and other outbuildings are located.
The substation has two capacitor batteries (approximately 200 + 200 elements), situated in the N-W corner, near the station gate, very close (6-7 m) to the house. The capacitors have not been in use for at least 10 years. Some capacitors show leakage signs. No containers for storing leaking capacitors exist at the station. One staff member reported that in 1994 he saw 6 broken capacitors thrown away near the fence separating the station from the adjoining household. For several years that area remained deprived of any vegetation. At 2-3 m from that place the neighbour family keeps the sheep. Recently a dug well was built near that place, for household purposes (apparently it is not being used for drinking water). Reportedly, in 1996 the leaking capacitors were dismantled and transported to an unknown destination, the rest of the capacitors were painted.
A dug well is located on station’s territory, which is used for non-drinking purposes. Reportedly, the chemical analysis showed the water from the well is not suitable for drinking, apparently due to high salt content. The personnel is aware of the risks posed by the capacitors oil.
Conclusion:
There are major potential health risks for the people living nearby, through air transport and contamination of groundwater. Evacuation of the capacitors can be difficult due to poor access.
Hancesti electrical substation, 110/35/10 kV
The substation is located east from town, at 150-200 m from the road Chisinau-Cimislia, in a plane area, with a gentle slope to south. The station is framed by the above mentioned road (E), another asphalt road (W), an industrial area with utility buildings (e.g. boiler-house, N), and agriculture land (S). The area between the station and the road Chisinau-Cimislia is arable land. The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 100 m x 100 m. The access and possibilities for trucks maneuvering are good.
The substation has two capacitor batteries (in number of 95), located in the north part of the station, near the administrative building and at approximately 15 m from a new dug well built at the station for drinking purposes (9 m deep). The capacitors are out of use since the 1980s. Their condition is good; there are no visible signs of pollution. No containers for storage of leaking capacitors exist at the station.
Conclusion:
There are (minor) occupational health risks related to the potential contamination of the aquifer.
Ciadir-Lunga electrical substation, 110/10 kV
The substation is located outside the town, in an isolated area, at some 500 m N-W from the town industrial area (e.g. pumping station) and at some 400 m N from houses newly built in a town suburb. The substation is situated on a height, surrounded by more or less steep slopes. On milder slopes (at N-W, N-E and S-E) the station is framed by arable land; the S-W (quite steep) slope is planted with acacia trees (partly cut down). The steep slope ends up in a pond (3-4 ha). The distance between the station and the pond (area covered by acacia) is about 150-200 m. The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 100 m x 100 m. The access is poor (devious local roads) but the possibilities for trucks maneuvering at station are good.
The substation has one capacitors battery, with 66 capacitor elements, located in the eastern part of the station. The capacitors are there since the 1980s and are functional; moreover, periodically they are in use (last time, in 2004). The capacitors are tested annually and their condition is good; there are no visible signs of current pollution and no such cases have been reported in the past. There are no containers for storing leaking capacitors at the station.
The first groundwater layer is very deep in the area (17 m), therefore no dug wells exist nearby. The drinking water is supplied by tank and is stored in a 2-3 m3 underground concrete reservoir located far away from the capacitors battery.
Conclusion:
There are (minor) risks, related to the potential contamination of the pond situated at 200 m S-W from station.
Comrat electrical substation
The substation is located in town, in an industrial area, near the central road to Chisinau, on a relatively plane terrain. The substation is framed by the road (N-E, at 30-40 m from the station fence) and utility buildings (e.g. depots). Across the road there are houses and private households. The access and possibilities for trucks maneuvering are good. The substation perimeter is almost square, approximately 120 m x 120 m.
The substation has two capacitor batteries (in number of 247), located in the S-W part of the station, at the opposite side to the road (far from the residential area). The capacitors are functional but are not in use for long time. Their condition is not good; many of them are rusty. No accidents related to the capacitors have been reported. No containers for storing leaking capacitors exist at the station.
Reportedly, the first groundwater layer is very deep in the area and the water is not suitable for drinking purposes, therefore no dug wells exist nearby. The drinking water is supplied by tank and is stored in a 2-3 m3 underground concrete reservoir located near the administrative building.
Conclusion:
The station does not pose notable risks for public health.
Straseni electrical substation, 330/110 kV
The substation is situated out of town (N), in an isolated area, not far from the road Straseni-Recea and the village Negresti. The station is located on slope (N-E exposition), surrounded from three sides by arable land while the valley (N-E) is covered by orchard (just near the station) and pasture (downhill). The station covers an area of 7 hectares. The access and possibilities for trucks maneuvering are good.
The station operates at 40-50% of its capacity. It has six capacitor batteries, 1728 elements in total, situated in the S-E corner. The capacitors are there from the 1980s and are not in use (no need). The condition of some of the capacitors is not good, many are rusty, some present signs of leakage. Reportedly, there were explosions of capacitors 10-20 years back, with small oil leakage. No visible signs of such leakage exist, however. No containers for storing leaking capacitors exist at the station. 52 discarded capacitors are stored outdoor, just in the central part of the station. The staff was not able to provide any explanation as regards this fact. The capacitor batteries are located very close (10 m) to the arable land. Moreover, an arable plot is located just within the station perimeter, adjoined to the capacitors.
A dug well used for drinking purposes (12-15 m deep) exists at the station, at some 200 m N-W from the capacitors, as well as two artesian wells serving as source of water for fire extinction. The water is accumulated in two underground concrete reservoirs (250 and 100 m3), situated very close to the capacitors.
Conclusion:
There are potential occupational health risks, related to the possibility of pollution by accidental spills. Those risks are exacerbated by the large number of the capacitors and the poor condition of some of them.
Vulcanesti electrical substation, 400/110/35 kV
The substation is situated in an isolated area, near the road Comrat-Vulcanesti, at 3 km (by road) from village Burlaceni and at 1 km from the railway station Vulcanesti. The station is located on slope (W exposition, 7-8°), surrounded from 3 sides by arable land and by the road at E. The station covers an area of 22 hectares.
The Vulcanesti substation was put in operation in 1972 as part of a network for export of electricity from the Soviet Union to Bulgaria (920 MW/year), which explains the exceptionally high number of capacitors at station serving for increasing the power transmission capacity. Presently there is no large electricity export anymore (in 2004, some 100 MW have been exported to Romania) and this is not expected to occur in the foreseeable future.
The station hosts 12,800 capacitors, grouped in 18 capacitor batteries, in the S-W part of station. After stopping the massive electricity export they were taken out of use. The condition of most capacitors is poor, they are rusty. Due to voltage surges in two incidents in 1974 and 1978 approximately 1000 capacitors exploded in each incident and the contents were partly dissipated on the ground below the batteries. The remaining parts of the capacitors from each incident were buried in two pits of reportedly 6-10 meters in depth on station’s territory (in the N-W corner and in the W part, downhill of the suspended capacitors platforms). The pits were without any lining. Each pit may contain 15-20 tons of PCBs. On the top of one of the pits PCB-containing capacitor parts are visible on the ground. In the N-W part of the station there are 10 (relatively new) containers for leaking capacitors and 2-3 older emptied containers. The capacitors are located at 30-40 m from the arable land. Within the station perimeter there are several plots planted with vineyards, including one plot just near the capacitors area.
Two artesian boreholes are located on station’s territory (about 100 m deep) serving as source of water, accumulated in two underground concrete reservoirs (250 and 100 m3), situated very close to capacitors. The water is used for domestic purposes and for fire extinction. The Vulcanesti fire department is within 8 minutes reach.
The protection zone around the station is maximum 10 m wide. No archeological sites exist nearby. The station has an open runoff collection system, which discharges outside. The station is situated on the western slope, at some 100 m from the lowest part of a dry gully. No signs of groundwater discharge to the surface exist in the gully.
The personnel of the station consist of 45 people. They are subject to mandatory medical examination every 2 years.
The access is good and there are possibilities for trucks maneuvering at station. There is space available (1 ha) for provisory storage of capacitors. Six sets of individual chemical protection equipment are available at the station.
Dismantling the capacitors could be a difficult task given the need to lower the support metal constructions (minimum 20 tons weight) to the ground level. For comparison, the replacement of 2000 capacitors exploded in the 1970s took about one month.
Conclusion:
There are significant occupational health risks, related to the high pollution of the territory following the 1980s accidents and the sources of permanent pollution represented by the pits with broken capacitors as well as the highly corroded capacitors on support constructions.
Ungheni electrical substation
Reportedly, there are 528 capacitors of a different type, which do not contain PCB-oil.
Laboratory results on environmental contamination with POPs
1 Soil contamination study in Orhey rayon
Content of organochlorine pesticides in soil samples (0-10 cm depth), taken at 50 m down hill from pesticide storage facilities
|Locality |Warehouse status |Pesticide content, ppm |
| | |Σ α, β, γ HCH |Exceedance |Σ DDE, DDD, DDT |Exceedance |
| | | |(times) National standard | |(times) National |
| | | |= 0.1 | |standard = 0,1 |
|Stepi – Soci |Destroyed in 1996 |0.006 |NO |0.026 |NO |
|Gloria |Completely destroyed |0.095 |NO |0.2 |2.0 |
|Chiperceni |Partly damaged |0.15 |1.5 |1.77 |17.7 |
|Biesti |Completely destroyed |0.15 |1.5 |0.90 |9.0 |
|Pohrebeni |Completely destroyed |0.11 |1.1 |0.77 |7.7 |
|Pohrebeni[9] |In function |0.202 |2.0 |0.27 |2.7 |
|Bulaesti |Completely destroyed |0.38 |3.8 |0.11 |1.1 |
|Susleni |Partly damaged |0.071 |NO |0.11 |1.1 |
|Bolohani |Partly damaged |0.027 |NO |0.022 |NO |
|Pelivan |In function |0.0045 |NO |0.023 |NO |
|Zorile |Demolished |0.095 |NO |0.88 |8.8 |
|Cucuruzeni Cucuruzeni de |Damaged |0.11 |1.1 |0.82 |8.2 |
|sus |Completely destroyed |0.17 |1.7 |0.29 |2.9 |
|Malaesti |Damaged |0.022 |NO |0.062 |NO |
|Ciocîlteni |Destroyed in 1993 |0.2 |2.0 |0.04 |NO |
|Pohorniceni |In function |0.043 |NO |0.061 |NO |
|Teleseu |Partly damaged |0.18 |1.8 |0.3 |3.0 |
|Camenca |Partly damaged |0.071 |NO |0.14 |NO |
|Peresecina |Completely destroyed |0.0094 |NO |0.031 |NO |
|Isacova |Partly damaged |0.132 |1.3 |0.077 |NO |
|Breanova |Partly damaged |0.038 |NO |0.42 |4.2 |
|Morozeni |Completely destroyed |0.10 |NO |0.21 |2.1 |
|Putintei |Completely destroyed Completely|0.0083 |NO |0.023 |NO |
|Trebujeni |destroyed |0.015 |NO |0.018 |NO |
2 Environmental media contamination study for Pascani warehouse
Content of organochlorine pesticides in soil, water, bottom sediments and vegetation samples, taken nearby pesticide storage facility in village Pascani, Hincesti rayon
|Sample type |Organochlorine pesticides, ppm |
| |Σ α, β, γ HCH |National standard|Exceedance |Σ DDE, DDD, DDT |National standard|Exceedance |
| | | |(times) | | |(times) |
|SS1(soil, background: distance from |0.011 |0.1 |NO |0.021 |0.1 |NO |
|warehouse 400-500 m uphill , depth | | | | | | |
|20-60 cm) | | | | | | |
|SS2 (soil: distance 20-50 m from |0.12 |0.1 |1.2 |1.66 |0.1 |16.6 |
|warehouse downhill, depth 20-60 cm) | | | | | | |
|SS3 (soil affected, distance from |0.0095 |0.1 |NO |0.016 |0.1 |NO |
|warehouse 200-250 m downhill, | | | | | | |
|flood-plain, depth 20-60 cm) | | | | | | |
|SW – 5 bottom sedim. |0.0625 |0.1 |NO |0.039 |0.1 |NO |
|SW – 4 bottom sedim. |0.032 |0.1 |NO |0.049 |0.1 |NO |
|SW – 6 bottom sedim. |0.08 |0.1 |NO |0.041 |0.1 |NO |
|GW – 7 bottom sedim |0.023 |0.1 |NO |0.06 |0.1 |NO |
|SW4 (surface water, background, |0.00065 |0.02 |NO |0.0023 |0.01 |NO |
|distance from warehouse 400-500 m, | | | | | | |
|small stream) | | | | | | |
|SW5 (surface water, distance from |0.00006 |0.02 |NO |0.00049 |0.01 |NO |
|warehouse 20-50 m, small stream) | | | | | | |
|SW6 (surface water, distance from |0.0014 |0.02 |NO |0.0011 |0.01 |NO |
|warehouse 400 m, small stream) | | | | | | |
|GW7 (groundwater in the flood-plain in|0.00072 |0.02 |NO |0.00087 |0.01 |NO |
|the surface | | | | | | |
|DW8 (drinking water from shallow well,|0.00035 |0.02 |NO |0.00068 |0.01 |NO |
|distance from warehouse 120-300m) | | | | | | |
|SS – 2 vegetation |0.02875 |n.d.a. |- |0.08475 |n.d.a. |- |
|SS - 3 vegetation |0.00457 |n.d.a. |- |0.01426 |n.d.a. |- |
|SW – 5 vegetation |0.01084 |n.d.a. |- |0.03113 |n.d.a. |- |
|SW – 6 vegetation |0.0122 |n.d.a. |- |0.02999 |n.d.a. |- |
3 Results of analyses of PCBs in soil and capacitor oil[10]
|No. of |Sampling |Sampling site |Exact sampling |Landscape |Depth, cm |PCB concentration, ppm |
|sample |date | |location | | | |
| | | | | | |PCB18 |PCB31 |PCB28 |
| | | | | |X | | | |
| | | | | |67-68 | | | |
| | | |X | | | | | |
| | | |69-70 | | | | | |
| | | | |X |X | | | |
| | | | |65-66 |63-64 | | | |
|Y | | | | | | |X | |
|71-72 | | | | | | |61-62 | |
| | | | | |X |X | | |
| | | | | |59-60 |57-58 | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
-----------------------
[1] Field teams have used the list of criteria during discussions with rayonal authorities for identification of most dangerous warehouse in rayon (human and environmnet concerns), as a starting point for field examination of second warehouse (out of central one) in each rayon.
[2] Within the text for all rayons the lenght of river streams is indicated in the bounds of rayon.
[3] Only few selected water quality indicators are mentioned in the text for all rayons.
[4] Last inventory, which has been done by PIU before NIP preparation were un-completed and conrtavertionally. As there are no more recent data available the PIU data has been used for this study, but in some rayons it has been clarified by EIA field tems. Information about pesticides warehouses can be considered as very preliminary one because the MoD is reported an other ammount of obsolete pesticides repackaged and centralised, in comparison that it was preliminary identified by PIU. Status of evacuation for particular warehouse in rayon is not reported by MoD, that is why only field tems findings are incorporated in the tables as “comments”.
[5] Last inventory, implemented by PIU before NIP development has been used for reference in all rayons.
[6] Estimated data, based on last invenoty are presented for each rayon.
[7] n.d.a. Not data available
[8] Country well-known wine and spirits producer.
[9] Station for pesticide solution preparation
[10] Source: Hydrometeorological Service.
-----------------------
E1198
v. 3
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related download
- mathematics grade prototype curriculum guide
- neuroscience for kids drawing contest
- clinic emergency preparedness project
- literacy action plan template mrs ashley reading
- human bingo rrcs
- flight of the butterflies smithsonian institution
- tic tac toe menu
- master request for production of documents
- technical and financial proposals for
Related searches
- career and financial management syllabus
- strategic and financial planning relationship
- account and financial management journal
- budgeting and financial management
- sample proposals for business
- accounting and financial management
- strategic and financial planning healthcare
- examples of written proposals for a project
- manager and financial management functions
- examples of proposals for projects
- examples of project proposals for funding
- difference between financial planner and financial advisor