Differences Between the North and The Civil War South

The Civil War

Differences Between the North and South

Geography of the North

? Climate ? frozen winters; hot/humid summers

? Natural features: - coastline: bays and harbors ? fishermen, shipbuilding (i.e. Boston) - inland: rocky soil ? farming hard; turned to trade and crafts (timber for shipbuilding)

Geography of the South

? Climate ? mild winters; long, hot, humid summers

? Natural features:

- coastline: swamps and marshes (rice & sugarcane, fishing)

- inland: indigo, tobacco, & corn

- Towns follow rivers inland!

Economy of the North

? MORE Cities & Factories ? Industrial Revolution: Introduction of the Machine

- products were made cheaper and faster - shift from skilled crafts people to less skilled

laborers - Economy BOOST!!!

Economy of the South

? Agriculture: Plantations and Slaves

- White Southerners made living off the land

- Cotton Kingdom ? Eli Whitney ?cotton made slavery more important ?cotton spread west, so slavery increases

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Transportation of the North

? National Road ? better roads; inexpensive way to deliver products

? Ships & Canals ? river travels fast; steamboat (i.e. Erie Canal)

? Railroad ? steam-powered machine (fastest transportation and travels across land)

Transportation of the South

? WATER! Southern rivers made water travel easy and cheap (i.e. Mississippi)

? Southern town sprang up along waterways

Society of the North ? industrial, urban life

? Maine to Iowa

? Black Northerners - free but not equal (i.e. segregation) - worked as laborers & servants

? White Northerners - most lived on farms - children expected to help with harvesting - cities next to factories or RR tracks

Society of the South ? agrarian, rural life

? Maryland to Florida & west to Texas ? Black Southerners

- small minority free (live separate, wear special badges) ? skilled crafts people or servants

- slaves ? cooks, carpenters, blacksmiths, nurse maids/nannies, MOST field hands

? White Southerners - measured wealth in terms of land & slaves

Abolitionist Movement

? Abolitionists ? wanted to end slavery

? both blacks & whites worked in Abolition Movement - William Lloyd Garrison ? "Liberator" (white) - Frederick Douglass ? "North Star" (black)

HOWEVER... Female abolitionists:

? tried to convince lawmakers to make slavery illegal

? raised money for suffrage movement ? spoke out against slave beatings

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The Underground Railroad

? a series of escape routes running from South to North

? traveled by night; hid/rested in stations

? conductors ? people who led runaways to freedom - Harriet Tubman

Women's Suffrage

? Fighting Slavery: Women get involved

? Inspired by Second Great Awakening ? religious reform movement; good works get you to heaven

? Anti ? slavery fight helped pave way for women's suffrage (right to vote)

Seneca Falls: The Declaration of Sentiments

? 1848 ? almost 300 people, including 40 men, arrived for the Convention

? People there: Abolitionists, Quakers, Housewives, etc.

? Dec. of Sent. ? proposal for women's rights ? modeled after Dec. of Ind. - it listed acts of tyranny by men over women

The Legacy of Seneca Falls

? created organization among women

? established awareness of women suffrage

? Sojourner Truth ? "Aint I a woman?" ? awareness of black women

The Legacy of Seneca Falls (cont.)

? Elizabeth Cady Stanton ? organized Seneca Falls Convention, concerned with voting rights

? Susan B. Anthony ? built movement into national organization, concerned with women getting equal treatment in work place.

Women (at this time)

? Could not hold office; only white men

? Could not practice professions (i.e. medicine or law)

? Could not control their own money or property (fathers or husbands controlled it)

? Would be disciplined by males

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Intro to the Civil War: Immediate Causes

? Election of Lincoln as President ? Secession of southern states

SIDES

? NORTH: Union ? SOUTH: Confederacy

Issues Leading to the Civil War

? Southerners threaten secession to get what they want!!!

? Balance of Power in Congress: 1840's Southerners want to extend slavery into new territories

Northwest Ordinance 1787

? All states North of Ohio River = FREE ? All states South of Ohio River = SLAVE

Add a picture here.

Missouri Compromise: attempt to keep equal number of slave & free states

?Southern states threatened to break (secede) from Union if Missouri became a "free" state

?So... Missouri = slave; Maine = free

?36'30 parallel ? North of it free, South of it slave

?kept Union together; but no one happy # of slave and free states EQUAL!

Compromise of 1850

? California = free state; New Mexico & Utah = slave state ? Passed a stricter Fugitive Slave Law ? returning slaves to

their owners when they would run away ? Southerners threaten secession if Fugitive Slave Law not

enforced - wasn't enforced

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

? Uncle Tom's Cabin ? book that turned many

Northerners against slavery ? author scorned by South

Kansas-Nebraska ACT

? cancelled Missouri Compromise

? allow settlers to decide issue of slavery - popular sovereignty ? rule by the people - North = upset, South = happy

? struggle over slavery turned violent - "Bleeding Kansas" ? violence between pro and anti slavery forces

Dred Scott Case

? slave from Missouri who was taken to Wisconsin (a free state)

? sued to gain freedom when returning to Missouri ? said he was made free in Wisconsin ? Decision of case:

- 1. Slaves are PROPERTY not citizens! (no right to sue..)

- 2. Fugitive Slave law must be enforced - 3. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

5th Amendment

? slaves are property ? Scott was a slave ? Property cannot be taken away without due process ? South = happy; North = mad

Republican Party

? new party formed ? believed no man can own

another ? nominated Abraham Lincoln

for Illinois Senator he lost

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Abraham Lincoln

? did not want Union divided over slavery

? slavery is a moral issue, not a legal one

? not an abolitionist but wanted to stop slavery from spreading into new territories

John Brown

? Abolitionist (Radical) ? Raided Harpers Ferry in Virginia, plan to seize guns ? wanted weapons to arm slaves for rebellion ? all men caught, tried, hanged ? Northerners outraged

? Southerners alarmed

? increase tension between North & South

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858 Senate Campaign)

? Lincoln's views on slavery: It should not be allowed to spread!

? Stephen Douglas: believed each state should decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery

Presidential Election of 1860

? Lincoln won ? Election results made it clear: the nation no longer wanted

compromise ? Now 18 free states, 15 slave states ? South is upset!

Secession

? South saw Lincoln as an abolitionist ? South Carolina ? first state to break away from Union

Fort Sumter

? 1861 ? Southerners captured federal fort for weapons ? no one killed, but surrendered to South

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Confederacy Established...

? 1861 ? seceding states formed a new nation, the Confederate

States of America, with its president = Jefferson Davis

Intro to the Civil War: Long Term Causes

? Conflict over slavery in territories

? Compromise failure in Congress (i.e. Missouri Compromise)

? Economic differences - South ? needed slaves - North ? want to end slavery

Emancipation Proclamation

? During the Civil War, Lincoln freed all the slaves in states that were rebelling

? exception: slaves in South Carolina remained slaves

- political move

Effects of the Civil War

? Abolition of slavery ? Devastation to the South ? Reconstruction of the South ? Nation reunited ? Boom of Industry ? Federal Authority dominant

Amendments from the Civil War

? 13th ? outlawed slavery ? 14th ? made slaves (freedmen) citizens ? 15th ? gave all citizens (freedmen) the right to vote

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CIVIL WAR: the bloodiest war in American History

? NORTH: UNION

? President ? Abraham Lincoln

? Soldiers ? "Yankees"

? Commanding General ? Ulysses S. Grant

NORTH

? STRENGTHS

? More people than South

? 90% of nation's manufacturing in North

? more RR tracks (will become nation's biggest business post-civil war)

? WEAKNESSES

? Military Leaders - 1/3 of nation's military officers returned to the South - Many remaining officers too old for combat

? Must invade South

South: Confederacy

? President ? Jefferson Davis ? Soldiers ? Rebels ? Commanding General ?Robert E. Lee

SOUTH

? STRENGTHS

? Fighting a defensive battle ? Great Military Leaders

? WEAKNESSES

? Economy: - wealth in land & slaves - Few factories to produce guns and military supplies

? Transportation Problem = - lacked RR network & transportation

Anaconda Plan

? Capture Richmond, VA - capital of Confederacy; destroy rebel government

? Gain control of Mississippi River = separates the Confederacy (can't travel or trade)

? Union blockade of Southern coastal ports - Northern strategy that prevented cotton & other products from being exported to Britain and France - Weakened Southern economy

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