X Physics EM Title Free - Telangana

[Pages:306]SCERT TELANGANA

SCERT TELANGANA

INSPIRE AWARDS

Inspire is a National level programme to strengthen the roots of our traditional and technological development.

The major aims of Innovations in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) programme are...

? Attract intelligent students towards sciences ? Identifying intelligent students and encourage them to study

science from early age

? Develop complex human resources to promote scientific, technological

development and research Inspire is a competitive examination. It is an innovative programme to make younger generation learn science interestingly. In 11th five year plan nearly Ten Lakhs of students were selected during 12th five year plan (2012-17) Twenty Lakhs of students will be selected under this programme. Two students from each high school (One student from 6 - 8 classes and one from 9 - 10 classes) and one student from each upper primary school are selected for this award. Each selected student is awarded with Rs. 5000/-. One should utilize 50% of amount for making project or model remaining for display at district level Inspire programme. Selected students will be sent to State level as well as National level. Participate in Inspire programme - Develop our country.

SCERT TELANGANA

PHYSICAL SCIENCE

CLASS X

Editors

Prof. Kamal Mahendroo, Vidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,

Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Dr.B. Krishnarajulu Naidu, Retd., Professor of Physics Osmania University, Hyderabad.

Dr. M. Salagram Retd., Professor of Physics Osmania University, Hyderabad.

Dr. C.V. Sarveswara Sharma Retd., Reader in Physics Amalapuram.

Dr.M. Adinarayana, Retd., Professor of Chemistry Osmania University, Hyderabad.

Dr. K. Venkateswara Rao Retd., Reader in Chemistry New Science College, Hyderabad.

Dr. Nannuru Upendar Reddy, Professor & Head C&T Dept.,

SCERT., Hyderabad.

Academic Support

Miss. Preeti Misra, Vidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,

Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Co-ordinators

Sri M. Ramabrahmam, Lecturer, Govt. IASE, Masabtank, Hyderabad.

Dr. TVS Ramesh, Co-ordinator, C&T Dept.,

SCERT, Hyderabad.

Published by the Government of Telangana, Hyderabad.

Respect the Law Get the Rights

Grow by Education Behave Humbly

Free distribution by Govt. of T.S. 2019-20

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? Government of Telangana, Hyderabad.

First Published 2014 New Impressions 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018,2019

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

The copy right holder of this book is the Director of School Education, Hyderabad, Telangana. We have used some photographs which are under creative common licence. They are acknowledged at the end of the book.

This Book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. Maplitho, Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card

Free Distribution by Government of Telangana 2019-20

Printed in India at the Telangana Govt. Text Book Press,

Mint Compound, Hyderabad, Telangana.

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Text Book Development Committee

Sri G. Gopal Reddy, Director, S.C.E.R.T. , Hyderabad.

Sri B. Sudhakar, Director, Govt. Textbook printing press,

Hyderabad.

Dr. Nannuru Upendar Reddy, Professor & Head C&T Dept.,

S.C.E.R.T., Hyderabad.

Writers

Sri M. Ramabrahmam, Lecturer,

Govt. IASE, Masabtank, Hyderabad.

Sri S.U. Siva Ram Prasad, SA,

Sri R. Ananda Kumar, SA,

GBHS Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad.

ZPHS Gavaravaram, Visakhapatnam.

Sri K.V.K. Srikanth, SA, GTWAHS S.L.Puram, Srikakulam.

Sri M. Eswara Rao, SA, GHS Sompeta, Srikakulam

Sri K. Gagan Kumar, SA, ZPHS Mirzapur, Nizamabad.

Dr.K. Suresh, SA, ZPHS Pasaragonda, Warangal.

Sri Madhusudhana Reddy Dandala, SA, ZPHS Munagala, Nalgonda.

Sri S. Naushad Ali, SA, ZPHS G.D. Nellore, Chittoor.

Sri S. Brahmananda Reddy, SA, ZPHS Immadicheruvu, Prakasam.

Sri V. Yekambareswararao, SA, ZPHS Lingaraopalem, Guntur.

Sri Y. Venkat Reddy, SA, ZPHS Chivemla, Nalgonda. Sri Tirumala Srinivasa Chary, SA, ZPHS Kapra, Medchal Dist.

Cover page, Graphics & Designing

Sri K. Sudhakara Chary, SGT, UPS Neelikurthy, Warangal.

Sri Kishan Thatoju, Graphic Designer, C&T Dept.,SCERT, Hyderabad.

Sri Kurra Suresh Babu, B.Tech, MA., MPhill. Mana Media Graphics, Hyderabad.

Sri Md. Ayyub Ahmed, S.A., Z.P. H.S U/M, Atmakur, Mahbubnagar.

Free distribution by Govt. of T.S. 2019-20

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Intro ...

We believe that class-10 education is a key aspect of school education and a turning point in student's life. The present tenth class Science textbook in your hands is developed in accordance with the National and State Curriculum Framework and the Right to Education Act. This book helps the student to review various concepts that were learned through the learning experiences provided in the school and to get comprehensive knowledge about these conecepts. The lessons in the textbooks are presented in such way that they help in preparing the student for competitive examinations and also to prepare him/her for intermediate education.

The new science textbooks are specially designed with suitable pedagogy in tune with Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) which we are right now implementing in school education. These textbooks help the teacher to assess students learning during teaching learning processes. They facilitate effective learning of various concepts of science in scientific method apart from getting knowledge about concepts. It is essential to complete the syllabus in the stipulated time as students have to write the Board Examination in class-10. But don't forget that completion of syllabus means making the students understand the concepts and trying to achieve the learning competencies. It is mandatory on the part of teacher to implement teaching strategies like, making the student to read the content of the textbook, discussion, analysis, lab activity, field trips, preparing reports, etc. Teacher must take special care to avoid the practice of rote memorisation of scientific information from guides and question banks.

The classroom teaching of science must be in such a way that it encourages children to think and work scientifically. Also, it must enhance love towards nature. Even it should enable to comprehend and appreciate the laws governing the nature in constructing so much diversity all around. Scientific learning is not just disclosing new things. It is also necessary to step forward without interrupting the interrelationship and interdependency along with understanding of the nature's intrinsic principles.High School children possess cognitive capacity of comprehending the nature and characteristics of the transforming world surrounding them. And they are able to analyze abstract concepts.

At this level, we cannot quench their sharp thinking capability with the dryteaching of mere equations and theoretic principles. For that, we should create a learning environment in the classroom which provides an opportunity for them to apply the scientific knowledge, explore multiple alternatives in solving problems and establish new relations.

Scientific learning is not just confined to the four walls of classroom. It has a definite connection to lab and field as well. Therefore, there is a lot of importance to field experience/ experiments in science teaching.

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There is a great need for compulsory implementation of instructions of the National Curriculum Framework- 2005 which emphasizes linking of the science teaching with local environment. The Right to Education Act- 2009 also suggested that priority should be given to the achievement of learning competencies among children. Likewise, science teaching should be in such a way that it would help cultivate a new generation with scientific thinking.

The key aspect of science teaching is to make the children understand the thinking process of scientists and their efforts behind each discovery. The State Curriculum Framework- 2011 stated thatchildren should be able to express their own ideas and opinions on various aspects. These Science Text Books are prepared to meet the set standards of the SCF and thus assist children in becoming selfreliant researchers capable of thinking intensely in scientific terms.

The new textbooks are developed to achieve desired academic standards. So teachers should develop various teaching learning strategies to make their students to achieve class specific academic standards. We should avoid rote learning methods for the successful implementation of Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE). It is very impart to know more about different methods to assess students' progress by summative and formative evaluation. The new textbooks reflect Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation and teaching method with respect to discussed concepts. This is very useful to teachers and students.

In the new textbooks, the design of concepts and activities help in achieving the specified academic standards. Teachers need to plan appropriate teaching strategies to improve the academic standards among the students by the end of teaching the lesson. For effective implementation of continuous comprehensive evaluation the teaching must move away from the methods of rote memorisation of concepts. There is a need for teachers to have a good understanding of the methods of evaluation which help them in assessing the progress of children in a constructive and comprehensive way. The new textbooks are not confined to simply provide necessary informations about concepts. Instead they focus on the new teaching strategies and evaluation techniques which are very important for both teachers and students.

We thank the VidyaBhavan Society, Rajasthan for their cooperation in designing these new text books,the writers for preparing the lessons, the editors for checking the textual matters and the DTP group for cutely composing the textbook. We invite suggestions from educationists, teachers, parents, students and others to make this book more meaningful.

Teachers play a pivotal role in children's comprehensive use of the text book. We hope, teachers will make their best efforts for proper utilization of the text book so as to inculcate scientific thinking among children and inspire them to be great scientists.

Director,

SCERT, Hyderabad

Free distribution by Govt. of T.S. 2019-20

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Dear teachers...

New Science Text Books are prepared in such a way that they develop children's observation power and research enthusiasm. The official documents of National and State Curriculum Frame Works and the Right to Education Act are aspairing to bring grossroute changes in science teaching. These textbooks are adopted in accordance with such an aspiration. Hence, science teachers need to adapt to the new approach in their teaching.

In view of this, let us observe certain Dos and Don'ts:

? There is an immediate need to discard the practices adopted in the schools on a false belief

that teaching of 10th class means preparing the children for public examination. In 10th class the teaching learning process should focus on achieving the academic standards rather winning race of scoring marks.

? Avoid practices like using guides and question banks, asking the children to read only

important questions, focussing on lessons which help in scoring more marks.

? Read the lesson thoroughly before you start teaching and ask the children to read the text.

Then initiate a discussion to make the children understand the concepts in the lessons.

? Encourage children to express their own views and ideas while writing the answers. Give

weightage to such type of writing in examination.

? Some instructions are given in the textbook regarding the collection of certain information

by the teacher. Collect such information and make it available to students.

? In public examination, the weightage will be given to all aspects of the syllabus. Except

foreword of the textbook everything else must be treated as a part of the curriculum.

? Textual concepts are presented in two ways: one as the classroom teaching and the other

as the laboratory performance.

? Lab activities are part and parcel of a lesson. So, teachers must make the children conduct

all such activities during the lesson itself, but not separately.

? Teachers are advised to follow the following teaching steps while transacting lessons-mind

mapping, reading lesson and identifyng new words by children, performing activities, demonstration and discussion, conclusion and evaluation.

? In the text, some special activities are presented as box items: `think and discuss, let us do,

conduct interview, prepare report, display in wall magazine, participate in Theatre Day, do field observation, organize special days'. To perform all of them is compulsory.

? The abbreviation (A.S.) given at the end of each question in the section "Improve your

learning" indicates academic standard.

? Collect information of relevant website addresses and pass on to students so that they can

utilize internet services for learning science on their own.

? Plan and execute activities like science club, elocution, drawing, writing poetry on science,

making models etc.to develop positive attitude among children about environment, biodiversity, ecological balance etc.

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