HyperText Markup Language (HTML) - Stanford University
HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
Mendel Rosenblum
CS142 Lecture Notes - HTML
1
Web Application Architecture
Web Server /
Application server
Web Browser
Storage System
LAN
Internet
HTTP
CS142 Lecture Notes - HTML
2
Browser environment is different
Traditional app: GUIs based on pixels
Since 1970s: software accessed mapped framebuffers (R/G/B)
Toolkits build higher level GUI widgets (buttons, tables, etc.)
Web browsers display Documents described in HTML
Until HTML5¡¯s canvas region, you couldn¡¯t write pixels
Make applications out of documents
Early web apps: Multiple documents (pages) with ¡®form¡¯ tag for input
Current: Use JavaScript to dynamically generate and update documents
CS142 Lecture Notes - HTML
3
HTML: HyperText Markup Language
Concept: Markup Language - Include directives with content
Directives can dictate presentation or describe content
Idea from the 1960s: RUNOFF
Examples: italics word, Title words
Example of a declarative language
Approach
1. Start with content to be displayed
2. Annotate it with tags
HTML uses < > to denote tags
CS142 Lecture Notes - HTML
4
HTML tags
Tags can provide:
Meaning of text:
¡ñ
¡ñ
¡ñ
means top-level heading
means paragraph
for unordered (bulleted) list
Formatting information ( for italic)
Additional information to display (e.g., )
Tags can have tags inside (nesting supported) - Document forms a tree
CS142 Lecture Notes - HTML
5
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