1 - INTRODUCTION



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|(1) Evaluating Internet Resources: Most of what is posted on the Internet has never been subjected to the rigors of peer review |

|common with many traditional publications. Students must learn to evaluate the reliability of information of the websites they |

|visit. |

| |

|Select two websites that provide information about a topic related to your curriculum. Cite the URLs and names of both sites and |

|explain which is more reliable using evaluation criteria. |

1. More reliable website



Read Write Think -International Reading Association

Authority

ReadWriteThink, established in April of 2002, is a partnership between the International Reading Association (IRA), the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), and the Verizon Foundation. So International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English are the institutions responsible for the page and these are reputable publishers. NCTE and IRA are working together to provide educators and students with access to the highest quality practices and resources in reading and language arts instruction through free, Internet-based content. The International Reading Association is a professional membership organization dedicated to promoting high levels of literacy for all by improving the quality of reading instruction, disseminating research and information about reading, and encouraging the lifetime reading habit. The National Council of Teachers of English has been dedicated to building teacher knowledge and improving student achievement in English language arts since its founding in 1911. Both of them are nationally recognized and reliable organizations. The copyright holders are IRA/NCTE. Lessons are reviewed by at least two members of the educational community, as well as by members of the ReadWriteThink team at IRA and NCTE.

Accuracy

The sources for the lesson plans (names of the lesson author and resources) are clearly listed so that they can be verified by the source. The information is free of grammatical, spelling and typographical errors.

Fairness

It is stated on the website that ReadWriteThink provides educators and students access to the highest quality practices and resources in reading and language arts instruction. After reviewing the website, I don’t think there is a bias to the information. There is not a profit motive for a product related to this website. The intended audience is classroom teachers, reading specialists, consultants, administrators, supervisors, university faculty, teacher educators, researchers, psychologists, librarians, media specialists, and parents.

Recency

The lesson plan that I choose about writing a persuasive letter was uploaded to the website on January 12, 2007. The website contains lesson plans from as recently as three days ago. The website is updated everyday.

2. Less reliable website



wikiHow – The How-to Manual That You Can Edit

Authority

WikiMedia Foundation, a nonprofit charitable organization, is responsible for this website. I don’t think this is a reputable publisher. The website doesn’t have any outside links other than the advertisement links. It is dedicated to encouraging the growth, development and distribution of free, multilingual content, and to providing the full content of these wiki-based projects to the public free of charge. I really cannot verify the legitimacy of this website’s sponsor because it doesn’t have any links to well-known reliable sources. Although one link to a source is attached to the website, I couldn’t make it work. The WikiMedia Foundation is the copyright holder. The article has not been subject to peer review but the website has an option of editing the article. So anyone who wants to edit the article can do it without any restrictions(. By clicking on History, you can have an access to the list of people edited the article. This doesn’t sound like a very reliable source.

Accuracy

The sources for factual information are not listed. You can find the usernames of the authors at the bottom of the page. But as I mentioned earlier, anyone can be an author and edit the article by just logging in. I don’t believe this is a good way of writing an article. Overall, the information is free of grammatical, spelling, and typographical errors.

Fairness

It is stated that wikiHow is a collaborative writing project to build the world's largest, highest quality how-to manual and with our edits, they can create a free resource that helps millions of people by offering solutions to the problems of everyday life. I didn’t review the website very carefully, but it is very possible to have bias to the information when you have many people editing same article every day. It is almost impossible to patrol recent changes very often. I don’t think there is a profit motive for a product related to this website. The website is open to any reader.

Recency

The article was posted on May 2006 and last edited two weeks ago.

|(2) Research with Electronic References: Since we live in the Information Age, it is particularly important that teachers are able |

|to access and evaluate information to prepare accurate, up-to-date lessons, and to teach their students the principles of |

|electronic research. In this activity you will examine a variety of electronic references in your quest to acquire information for |

|lessons or other professional activities. |

| |

|Identify two topics to research using electronic references (broadcast news, almanacs, quotations, etc.). Research the first topic |

|using at least one resource from each of five categories of electronic resources. Repeat the process with the second topic, using |

|references from five additional categories. Include the URL, name of the resource, key information acquired, and a screen capture |

|from each resource. (See examples of research ideas). |

|Identify the special features (e.g. hypertext linking of terms, Boolean search capabilities, archival search, knowledge tree, |

|downloadable movies, online audio transcripts, animations, translations, reference lists, printer-friendly output, multimedia |

|links, PDA or bookreader download, visible directory structure, etc.) of each of the reference tools you have used. |

|List criteria for determining the authenticity of information on a website. |

|Compare and contrast electronic references with their traditional paper counterparts. Discuss at least ten tasks or features that |

|are possible with electronic resources that are not possible with traditional paper resources. |

|Develop a lesson plan that incorporates electronic references. Your lesson plan should require students to use two or more |

|electronic references to address a specific curricular objective. |

1) Math: Math Education Reform

Broadcast News



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Michele Norris talks with Jim Kadamus about the decision to throw out 2003’s math test for graduating seniors.

Local News



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The Student Empowerment Academy, which is housed on Jefferson's campus, has produced big academic gains in the district.

News Magazines



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Parents and policymakers have been searching for a culprit for American kids foundering on state math exams They've found it in the math equivalent of whole language, reform math which was introduced by the National council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1989.

Encyclopedias-Wikipedia



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Near the end of the 20th century diverse and changing ideas about the purpose of mathematical education would lead to wide adoption of reform-based standards and curricula funded by the US federal government, and also adopted by other national curriculum standards. This movement in turn was met with opposition which called for a return to traditional direction instruction of time-tested arithmetic methods by the start of the 21st century as some schools and districts supplemented or replaced standards-based curricula.

Dictionaries: Merriam-Webster ( definitions of math curriculum terminology)



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2) Science: Air Pollution

National and International Newspapers- The New York Times

Article on international disputes rising from cross-border air pollution



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World or Interactive Maps- CA air quality map (Los Angeles Region)



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Research Databases- article on the history of air pollution



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Book from a library on air pollution



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Quotations



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Special features of the reference tools:

Almost all of the references have knowledge trees and they included hyperlinks to either resources within the site or outside websites. NPR has online audio feature.

Criteria for determining the authenticity of information on a website:

Does the publisher have credible reputation?

Can you verify the legitimacy of the page's sponsor or author?

Has this been subject to peer review?

Are the sources for factual information clearly listed so they can be verified elsewhere?

When was the website last updated?

Lesson Plan

Students will work in pairs to write a report on the history of air pollution. They will do online research by using electronic references such as wikipedia, google, encyclopedias, national and international newspapers. Students will make references to at least three references on their reports. They also need to include world or interactive maps showing the changes in air quality over the years.

|(3) Educational Research: Teachers should be familiar with research related to the teaching of their discipline. The Educational |

|Research Database (ERIC) provides access to abstracts from numerous educational publications, and is the best place to start when |

|conducting educational research. |

| |

|Find two or more abstracts of recent, relevant articles related to the use of technology in the teaching of your subject. Summarize|

|implications for the teaching of your subject. Cite the articles using APA format, and include the text of the abstracts. |

Article I:

Wood, Ruth, and Jean Ashfield. 2008. The use of the interactive whiteboard for creative teaching and learning in literacy and mathematics: a case study. British Journal of Educational Technology 39 (1): 84-96.

Abstract:

This paper considers the ways in which the interactive whiteboard may support and enhance pedagogic practice through whole-class teaching within literacy and numeracy. Data collected from observations of whole-class lessons, alongside individual interviews and focus group discussions with class teachers and Initial Teacher Education students, has provided opportunities to consider the potential of such technology to facilitate a more creative approach to whole-class teaching. The data suggests that, in the first instance, the special features of information and communications technology such as interactivity, "provisionality," speed, capacity and range enhance the delivery and pace of the session. This research seems to indicate that it is the skill and the professional knowledge of the teacher who mediates the interaction, and facilitates the development of pupils' creative responses at the interface of technology, which is critical to the enhancement of the whole-class teaching and learning processes.

Article 2:

Taylor, Julie Anne, and Mesut Duran. 2006. Teaching social studies with technology: new research on collaborative approaches. History Teacher 40(1): 9-25.

Abstract

Meeting the demands of teaching in the digital age requires the identification of effective types of educational technology and ways of encouraging its use, and that was the aim of a "Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers to use Technology (PT3)" grant to the University of Michigan-Dearborn, from the United States Department of Education. This grant funded a four-year program involving not only public school teachers in the Detroit area, but also the faculty in the education and social sciences departments of the university. Dubbed "The MITTEN Program," it explored how the planned integration of new forms of technology affects instruction in social studies in elementary, middle, and high schools. This article presents a report on the outcomes of the project. During each year of the MITTEN program, the University of Michigan-Dearborn had the highest number of recipients of awards from the Consortium for Outstanding Achievement in Teaching with Technology (COATT) in the state of Michigan. Eight awards were given to student teachers in the field of social studies. Fundamental to MITTEN's success as a program were its provision for training in emerging technologies for educators and its facilitation of collaboration between people in different fields. The program provided educators with the opportunity to share resources and learn together. The planned integration of technology positively affected student learning in K-12 classrooms by increasing the level of student interest. The use of electronic resources also improved the quality of the research conducted by both students and teachers. After completing the program, educators reported that they felt better able to use technology to enhance teaching and research. The findings of research on the MITTEN project show that collaborative approaches to teaching social studies with technology can produce optimal results. The following are appended: (1) Lesson Materials; and (2) Mitten Technology Survey. (Contains 23 notes.)

|(4) Online Academic Journals: A growing number of academic journals are available online, some of which are free, and others of |

|which require a subscription. |

| |

|Find an electronic journal related to your subject and include a screen capture of a relevant article. Briefly summarize the |

|article. |

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This article is from the journal Learning Disability Quarterly.

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Mastropieri, Scruggs and Graetz (2003) reviewed the reviews of the reading comprehension instruction research and provided some specific details from the most promising practices. These practices include peer tutoring that incorporates comprehension strategy instruction and elaborative strategies in history and science classes. Some strategies described in the article are peer-assisted learning strategies that are composed of Partner Reading, Paragraph Shrinking and Prediction Relay, summarization strategy, comprehension monitoring strategy. It is proved that specific interventions help facilitate reading comprehension for secondary-aged students with disabilities. Specific instructional features of these interventions include components of cognitive strategy and direct instruction using guided and independent practice (Mastropieri, Scruggs and Graetz, 2003). A research that used Inspiration software to generate spatially organized graphic organizers to facilitate comprehension of content-area instruction is also presented.

• Administrators should be familiar with the legal code as it pertains to education. Research a legal case relevant to education in secondary schools and include a screen capture from this case. Briefly summarize the case. *PTP-tip The PTP requires that "Candidates for a Teaching Credential understand and honor legal and professional obligations to protect the privacy, health, and safety of students, families, and other school professionals. They are aware of and act in accordance with ethical considerations and they model ethical behaviors for students. Candidates understand and honor all laws relating to professional misconduct and moral fitness." You may wish to cite relevant laws or cases as an aspect of an artifact for TPE 12.

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Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia was a case against the District of Columbia that declared that students with disabilities must be given a public education, and that financial limits were a moot point in providing education to these students. It set a precedent that educational services must be made based on children's needs, not on the schools’ fiscal capabilities to provide such services.

|(5) Locating multimedia teaching resources: At many libraries, teachers can obtain cards which give them special privileges as |

|educators, including the ability to check our more resources and keep them longer. Teachers can check out books, CDs, DVDs and |

|videos. |

| |

|Find a video related to the teaching of your course in the Los Angeles Public Library System (or other public library system), CSUN|

|main library, or the CSUN Teacher Curriculum Center. Describe the video resource and its call number, and if possible, find a |

|teacher study guide for the video by performing an Internet search. |

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I found the video of To Kill a Mockingbird in Woodland Hills Branch Library. Its call

number is VID Ed.b 1998, its title is To Kill a Mockingbird (videorecording).

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Teacher study guide for the video is accessible on the following website:



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