Organelle Scavenger Hunt



Organelle Scavenger Hunt

Directions: Use chapter 2.1 of your textbook and the Cell and Organelle Powerpoint (on the website – under “Biochemistry/Homeostasis”) to complete the following. Completion of this will be your entry ticket into the next class.

Visit the website and view the Powerpoint file, “Cells and Organelles”. Print off the overview notes to accompany the Powerpoint. As you go through the Powerpoint with the overview notes, HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE any terms that connect to macromolecules studied earlier. (eg. glucose) Then…

Write the name of the organelle or structure that performs the following functions.

1. Converts sugars into useable energy (ATP) for the cell.

2. Manufactures a variety of proteins needed by the cell

3. Stores accessory pigments in plant cells

4. Directs all cell processes

5. Used by animal cells during cell division.

6. Contains information to make proteins.

7. Controls what enters and leaves the cell

8. Digest food, worn out cell organelles, bacteria and viruses

9. Synthesizes ribosomes

10. Modifies and packages proteins into vesicles

11. Stores the polysaccharide, amylose

12. Produces proteins to be exported to other cells

13. Temporarily stores water, wastes and other materials

14. Microtubule “hairs” that have motility

15. Converts light energy into chemical energy

16. Provides structure and support to plant cells

17. Synthesizes phospholipids & steroids (eg. in gonads)

18. Macromolecule (eg. RNA) exit out of nucleus through these

19. Enzyme-containing sacs with oxidative enzymes

(eg. liver - catalase to get rid of hydrogen peroxide)

20. Membrane-enclosed sac for transport and storage

21. Contains RNA; also site of ribosome synthesis

Questions:

A) All organelles are surrounded by a membrane, but 3 organelles have a “double” membrane. Name the 3 that do?

B) Plants have specialized structures called plastids. What are the 3 types of plastids in plant cells?

C) What two structures make up the “cytoskeleton”?

D) Which structures are made up of 9 pairs of microtubules?

E) Where are ribosomes located in the cell?

F) Which organelles/structures are part of the “endomembrane” system?

G) The endomembrane system provides an overview of how proteins synthesized inside the cell are moved for export to

either the cell membrane or for secretion outside the cell. We have discussed together how the instructions for making proteins are found within the nitrogen base sequence of the DNA. These sequences are organized into “recipes”, commonly called genes. (Some of you have researched how one base can be different from another – that’s all it can take – eg. Normal vs sickled gene). Proteins are made outside the cell at the location of the ribosomes (either freely-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum). This means that the instructions for making proteins have to get out of the nucleus. If one protein needs to made by one particular cell, it would be “impractical” to move the entire DNA double helix out of the nucleus. Therefore, only the genetic instructions revolving around the protein that needs to be made are delivered to the ribosomes. This “transportable copy” comes in the form of RNA (messenger RNA). We will learn the specifics of this later in Molecular Genetics. As you learn about the endomembrane system, keep in mind that the instructions for making the protein are ultimately coming from the nucleus (in the form of RNA). This RNA passes out of the nucleus (via nuclear pore complexes) to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. From what I’ve learned over the years, proteins that stay within the cell (ie. In the cytoplasm) get synthesized on freely-floating ribosomes (in the cytoplasm), while many proteins destined for secretion or to be embedded in the cell membrane get synthesized via the endomembrane system.

Based upon what you have just read make a visual flowchart to summarize this information.

As you examine p. 61 Fig. 2.6, think about how between the nucleus and the endomembrane system that this can be compared to parts of a factory. In other words, a factory that makes some type of product destined for export. Share your analogy with a classmate. Draw a summary visual flowchart in your notes summarizing the transport of proteins from the nucleus to the outside of the cell.

(DO THIS ON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER)

H) The last task is to complete the identification of the organelles on the following page. Once you have identified the

organelles, add label lines and terms to describe structures WITHIN the organelle. For example, if you identify a

structure as a mitochondrion, then add labels as seen on p. 65 of your textbook.

Identification: Name the following structures/organelles.

23. 24.

25. A. 26.

27. 28. A.

B.

Euglena Paramecium

29. 30.

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A

B

A

Nucleus

B

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