VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

[Pages:286]Virtual Machine Guide

VMware Server 1.0

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Revision: 20060706 Item: SVR-ENG-Q206-227

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Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

VMware Server Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features of VMware Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Support for 32-bit and 64-bit Guest Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Two-Way Virtual SMP (Experimental Support) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Connect to VMware GSX Virtual Machines and Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Upgrade and Use GSX Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Move Existing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Compatible with VMware Workstation 5.x Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Configure Virtual Hardware Devices to be Automatically Detected . . . . . . . . 3 Take and Revert to Snapshots in the Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Support for VMware Virtual Machine Importer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Support for VirtualCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 APIs Included with VMware Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Host System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Server Host Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Windows Host Operating System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Linux Host Operating System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Remote Client Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Virtual Machine Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Supported Guest Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Hardware Requirements for 64-bit Guest Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Hardware Requirements for 32-bit Guest Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Technical Support Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Self-Service Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Online and Telephone Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Support Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Reporting Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Setting Up a New Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

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What's in a Virtual Machine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Creating a New Virtual Machine with the Virtual Machine Wizard . . . . . . . . 27 Installing a Guest Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Example: Installing Windows Server 2003 as a Guest OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

About VMware Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Installing VMware Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Installing VMware Tools in a Windows Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Installing VMware Tools in a Linux Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Executing Scripts When the Virtual Machine's Power State Changes . . . . . . . . . 55 Configuring VMware Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Configuring VMware Tools in a Windows Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Configuring VMware Tools in a Linux, FreeBSD, or Solaris Virtual Machine 60 Configuring VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 About the VMware Tools Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Synchronizing the Time in the Guest OS with the Host OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Executing Commands After You Power Off or Reset a Virtual Machine . . . . 70 Passing a String from the Host OS to the Guest OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Passing Information Between the Guest OS and a VMware API Script . . . . . 73

Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Overview of the VMware Server Console Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Using the Home Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Using Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Configuring a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Using the Virtual Machine Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Displaying Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Checking the Status of VMware Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Creating a Screen Shot of a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Connecting to Virtual Machines and VMware Server Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Connecting to a Virtual Machine from a Windows Host or Client . . . . . . . . . 82 Connecting to a Virtual Machine from a Linux Host or Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Connecting to a Virtual Machine from the VMware Management Interface . 85 Connecting to a Different VMware Server Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Connecting to VMware GSX Server and Older Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . 86

Changing the Power State of a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

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Using Power Options for Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Shutting Down a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Powering Virtual Machines On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Controlling the Virtual Machine Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Using Full Screen Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Using Quick Switch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Taking Advantage of Multiple Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Fitting the VMware Server Console Window to the Virtual Machine . . . . . . . 97 Fitting a Windows Guest OS Display to the Console Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Simplifying the Screen Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Running Virtual Machines from DVDs or CD-ROM Discs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Using PXE with Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Installing Software in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Using Devices in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Adding, Configuring, and Removing Devices in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . 103 Connecting and Disconnecting Removable Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Startup Options on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Startup Options on a Windows Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Using Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Chapter 5 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Setting the Suspended State File Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Taking Snapshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 What Is Captured by a Snapshot? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Ways of Using Snapshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Snapshots and a Virtual Machine's Hard Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Snapshots and Other Activity in the Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Settings for Snapshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Snapshot Actions as Background Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Removing the Snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Snapshots and Legacy Disk Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Snapshots and Legacy Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

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Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Configuring Hard Disk Storage in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Disk Types: Virtual and Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Additional Information about Disk, Redo-Log, Snapshot, and Lock Files . . 122 Defragmenting and Shrinking Virtual Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Configuring Optical and Floppy Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Configuring Virtual DVD/CD-ROM Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Configuring Virtual Floppy Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Adding Drives to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Adding Virtual Disks to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Adding Physical Disks to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Adding DVD/CD-ROM Drives to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Adding Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Running the VMware Virtual Disk Manager Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Shrinking Virtual Disks with VMware Virtual Disk Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Examples Using the VMware Virtual Disk Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Installing an Operating System onto a Physical Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Configuring a Windows Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Configuring a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Disk Performance in Windows NT Guests on Multiprocessor Hosts . . . . . . . . . 150 Improving Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Chapter 7 Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Components of the Virtual Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Common Networking Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Bridged Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Network Address Translation (NAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Host-Only Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Custom Networking Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Changing the Networking Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Adding and Modifying Virtual Network Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host . . . . . . . . . . 164 Enabling, Disabling, Adding, and Removing Host Virtual Adapters . . . . . . 168 Advanced Networking Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration . . . 172 Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine . . . . . . 176

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Controlling Routing for a Host-Only Network on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . 177 Issues with Host-Only Networking on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . 179 Configuring Bridged Networking When Using Teamed Network Interface

Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Routing Between Two Host-Only Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Using Virtual Ethernet Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host . . 189 Understanding NAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Using NAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 The Host Computer and the NAT Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 DHCP on the NAT Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 DNS on the NAT Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 External Access from the NAT Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Advanced NAT Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Considerations for Using NAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Using NAT with NetLogon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Using Samba for File Sharing on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Chapter 8 Configuring Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Using Parallel Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 About Parallel Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Adding a Parallel Port in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Special Notes for the Iomega Zip Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Using Serial Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Using a Serial Port on the Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Using a File on the Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Connecting Two Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Special Configuration Options for Advanced Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Examples: Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Keyboard Mapping for a Remote Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Keyboard Mapping Support for the PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 V-Scan Code Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

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Notes on USB Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Adding a USB Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Connecting USB Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Using USB with a Windows Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Using USB with a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 USB Device Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 USB Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Device Support in Guest Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Adding a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Generic SCSI on a Windows Host Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Generic SCSI on a Linux Host Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Using Two-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing (Experimental) . . . . . . . . 244

Chapter 9 Video and Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Setting Screen Color Depth in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Changing Screen Color Depth in the Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Using Full Screen Mode on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Configuring Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Installing Sound Drivers in a Windows Server 2003 Guest OS . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and NT Guest OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Chapter 10 Performance Tuning for Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . 251

Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Configuring Virtual Machine Memory from a Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Improving Performance for Guest Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Guest OS Performance Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Windows 95 and Windows 98 Guest Operating System Performance Tips . 254 Linux Guest Operating System Performance Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

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VMware, Inc.

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