AP EUROPEAN HISTORY – EASTVIEW HIGH SCHOOL



AP EUROPEAN HISTORY

CHAPTER 16 STUDY GUIDE – 20 pts.

“Toward a New World View – Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment”

ce. 1540 - 1790

SECTION 1 –The Scientific Revolution

1- Contrast the old Aristotelian-medieval world-view with that of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. What were the contributions of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton? What is meant by Newton’s “synthesis”?

2. How did the new scientific theory and discoveries alter the concept of God and religion? Did science, in fact, come to dictate humanity’s concept of God?

3. What were the scientific and religious implications of Copernicus’s theory?

4. Discuss the origins and the momentum of the scientific revolution in terms of (a) its own “internal logic” and (b) external and nonscientific causes.

Important terms

Natural philosophy

Aristotelian world-view

Copernican hypothesis

Experimental method

Law of inertia

Law of Universal Gravitation

SECTION 2 –The Scientific Revolution

1. How did Bacon and Descartes contribute to the development of the modern scientific method?

2. Did the Catholic and Protestant churches retard or foster scientific investigation? Explain.

3. What were the consequences of the rise of modern science?

Important terms

Empiricism

Cartesian dualism

SECTION 3 – The Enlightenment

1- What were the central concepts of the Enlightenment?

2- Who were the philosophes and what did they believe?

3- Describe the interests and actions of Madame du Chatelet and Madame Geoffrin.

Important terms

Enlightenment

Rationalism

Tabula rasa

Philosophes

Skepticism

Salon

Rococo

SECTION 4 – Enlightened Absolutism

1- In what ways were Frederick of Prussia and Catherine of Russia enlightened monarchs?

2- Describe the goals and accomplishments of Frederick the Great.

3- What was the effect of Catherine’s reign on (a) the Russian nobility, (b) the Russian serfs, and (c) the position of Russia in the European balance of power?

Important terms

Parlement of Paris

Enlightened absolutism

INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY – Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish Enlightenment

1- How did Mendelssohn seek to influence Jewish religious thought in his time?

2- How do Mendelssohn’s ideas compare with those of the French Enlightenment?

LISTENING TO THE PAST – Coffeehouse Culture

1- What do the images shown here suggest about the customers of eighteenth-century coffeehouses? Who frequented these establishments? Who were excluded?

2- What limitations on the exchange of information existed in early modern Europe? Why were coffeehouses so useful as sites for exchanging information?

3- What social role do coffeehouses play where you live? Do you see any continuities with the eighteenth-century coffeehouses?

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CHAPTER TIMELINE

--1540

--1650

--1700

--1750

--1800

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