Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux ...

Common administrative commands

in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, 7, and 8

System basics

Basic configuration

TASK

View

subscription

information

Configure

subscription

RHEL

/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid

6

subscription-manager identity

6

rhnreg_ks

6

rhn_register

5

1, 3

subscription-manager

hwbrowser

View system

profile

5

sosreport

dmidecode

2

TASK

7

6

7

8

6

7

8

5

5

lstopo

lscpu

6

7

6

7

cat/proc/cpuinfo

lshw

View RHEL

version

information

/etc/redhat-release

8

Graphical

configuration

tools

Text-based

configuration

tools

Configure

printer

6

7

system-config-*

6

system-config-printer

5

6

system-config-language

3 RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. rhn_register should

be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer only. For details, see: What subscription

management services are offered by RHSM?, Transition of Red Hat Network

Classic Hosted to Red Hat Subscription Management, and Satellite 5.6 unable

to register RHEL 7 client system due to rhn-setup package not included in

Minimal installation.

5

6

7

Configure

time and date

5

6

7

5

6

timedatectl

5

6

7

8

7

8

8

gnome-control-center

Synchronize

time and date

/etc/ntp.conf

5

6

ntpdate

5

6

timedatectl

/etc/chrony.conf

7

7

date

chronyc

Security and identity

TASK

Configure

keyboard

RHEL

/etc/selinux/config

chcon

restorecon

semanage

setsebool

system-config-selinux

5

6

7

8

Report on

system

security

sealert

5

6

7

8

authconfig

authconfig-tui

authconfig-gtk

5

6

7

8

authselect

Network users

getent

5

6

7

localectl

5

6

7

8

Configure

SSH

/etc/ssh/ssh_config

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

~/.ssh/config

ssh-keygen

8

8

8

8

gnome-control-center

Configure

system

security

LDAP, SSSD,

Kerberos

system-config-keyboard

8

8

gnome-control-center

date

8

8

localectl

system-config-date

2 Subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with SAM and newer,

and Red Hat¡¯s CDN.

8

gnome-control-center

Configure

system

language

8

7

gnome-control-center

8

1 Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager on Red Hat

Enterprise Linux 5: .

7

5

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

8

6

system-config-*-tui

8

Configure

network

5

gnome-control-center

system-config-network

8

5

RHEL

5

6

7

8

Jobs and services (cont.)

Jobs and services

TASK

RHEL

chkconfig --list

ls /etc/init.d/

List all

services

5

TASK

6

systemctl -at service

ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service

ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.

service

Schedule/

batch tasks

List running

services

Start/stop

service

Enable/

disable

service

service --status-all

service name start

service name stop

chkconfig name on

chkconfig name off

chkconfig name --list

Create new

service file

or modify

configuration

chkconfig --add

View logs

View audit

output

who -r

5

6

/etc/inittab

init run_level

5

6

systemctl isolate name.target

systemctl set-default

8

tar

cpio

zip

xz

5

6

7

8

TASK

8

8

8

Graphical user

management

system-config-users

Create user

account

useradd

Delete user

account

userdel

8

7

8

7

8

8

5

8

/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf

/var/log/journal

systemd-journald.service

7

8

journalctl

7

8

8

/var/log

5

6

7

pam_tty_audit kernel module

5

6

7

View/change

user account

details

5

6

6

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

/etc/passwd

vipw

5

6

7

id

Create user

group

groupadd

Delete user

group

groupdel

Change group

details

8

7

7

8

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

groupmod

/etc/group

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

Change user

password

Change user

permissions

passwd

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

usermod

visudo

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

8

5

5

gnome-control-center

7

6

RHEL

usermod

7

aureport

/var/log/faillog

7

6

systemctl get-default

add audit=1 to kernel cmdline

auditctl

/etc/audit/auditd.conf

/etc/audit/audit.rules

authconfig

/etc/pam.d/system-auth

6

User management

tlog

Configure

system audit

5

8

7

/etc/rsyslog.conf

find

6

systemctl daemon-reload

/etc/systemd/system/*.service

/etc/syslog.conf

Find file by

characteristic

7

7

5

8

6

systemctl is-enabled name

runlevel

7

Create archive

7

5

8

6

6

systemctl status name.service

5

8

5

8

7

5

7

locate

7

6

systemctl enable name.service

systemctl disable name.service

Check if

service is

enabled

Configure

logging

5

6

6

systemctl start name.service

systemctl stop name.service

service name status

Change run

level/target

5

5

Find file by

name

6

systemctl -t service

--state=active

View service

status

View run

level/target

8

5

cron

at

batch

systemd-run --on-calendar

7

systemctl list-units -at service

find /etc/systemd/ /usr/lib/

systemd/ /run/systemd/ -name

*.service¡±

RHEL

Change

password

policy

chage

View user

sessions

w

5

6

7

8

gnome-control-center

gnome-control-center

5

6

7

8

Software management

TASK

RHEL

yum groupinstall

Install

software

View software

info

5

6

yum groupinfo

5

6

yum group info

yum update

Upgrade

software

yum upgrade

View software

version

5

5

6

6

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

Single user/

rescue mode

Shut down

system

Power off

system

8

Halt system

RHEL

append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash

to kernel cmdline

subscription-manager repos

/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

rpm -qf filename

yum provides filename-glob

rpm -q packagename

6

yum list installed

8

5

6

7

8

5

6

7

8

5

6

yum list installed packagename

rpm -qa

7

7

shutdown

6

7

5

6

poweroff

5

6

systemctl halt

5

6

Reboot

system

systemctl reboot

reboot

5

6

Configure

default run

level/target

/etc/inittab

5

6

Configure

GRUB

bootloader

/boot/grub/grub.conf

8

8

6

systemctl poweroff

systemctl set-default

View hardware

configured

5

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

6

/etc/default/grub

grub2-mkconfig

grub-set-default

hwbrowser

5

5

append 1 or s or rd.break or

init=/bin/bash to kernel

cmdline

halt

5

rpm -q packagename

View installed

software

TASK

6

yum install

Update

software

Find package

owning file

5

yum group install

yum info

Configure

software

repository

Kernel, boot, and hardware

5

6

lshw (in EPEL)

7

8

lshw

Install a

module

yum module install module_name

8

Configure

kernel module

modprobe

5

6

7

8

View info on a

module

yum module info module_name

8

udev

5

6

7

8

View a

module¡¯s

streams

Configure

hardware

device

yum module info module_name

View kernel

parameters

sysctl -a

cat /proc/cmdline

5

6

7

8

Load kernel

module

modprobe

5

6

7

8

Remove

kernel module

modprobe -r

5

6

7

8

View kernel

version

rpm -q kernel

uname -r

5

6

7

8

8

yum module remove

Change

module

streams

module_name:stream

yum module reset module:stream

8

yum module install

module:new_stream

List available

modules

yum module list

8

File systems, volumes, and disks (cont.)

File systems, volumes, and disks

TASK

Default file

system

Create/

modify disk

partitions

ext3

5

xfs

7

ssm create

7

gdisk

7

5

Mount

storage

6

copy data to new file system

fsck (look for ¡®non-contiguous

inodes¡¯)

8

7

8

7

8

6

7

8

6

7

8

6

7

8

7

8

ssm create

mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs)

mkswap

8

8

ssm_create

5

xfs_fsr

Defragment

disk space

View NFS

share

6

ext4

fdisk

parted

Format disk

partition

TASK

RHEL

5

ssm mount

Configure

NFS share

RHEL

showmount -e

mount

5

6

service nfs reload

5

6

systemctl reload nfs.service

/etc/exports

5

6

7

8

7

8

7

8

Configure

on-demand

auto-mounts

/etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs

/etc/auto.*

8

Change file

permissions

chmod

chown

chgrp

umask (future file creation)

8

Change file

attributes

chattr

8

Change

access

control list

setfacl

8

mount

/etc/fstab

5

6

7

8

Mount and

activate swap

/etc/fstab

swapon -a

5

6

7

8

Configure

static mounts

/etc/fstab

5

6

7

8

TASK

View free disk

space

df

5

6

7

8

Trace system

calls

strace

5

6

7

8

Trace library

calls

ltrace

5

6

7

8

View logical

volume info

lvdisplay

lvs

vgdisplay

vgs

pvdisplay

pvs

Change

process

priority

nice

renice

5

6

7

8

Change

process run

location

taskset

5

6

7

8

Kill a process

kill

pkill

killall

5

6

7

8

netstat

5

6

7

8

Resource management

5

6

ssm create (if backend is lvm)

Create volume

group

ssm create (if backend is lvm)

Create logical

volume

ssm create (if backend is lvm)

lvcreate

5

6

Enlarge

volumes

formatted

with default

file system

resize2fs

5

6

vgextend

lvextend

5

6

Shrink

volumes

formatted

with default

file system

resize2fs

lvreduce

vgreduce

5

6

Check/repair

file system

ssm check

vgcreate

5

6

7

8

8

5

6

7

8

8

xfs_growfs

ssm resize

7

8

7

8

7

8

ss

tuna

View system

usage

6

8

pcp atop

top

ps

sar

iostat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

5

iostat

XFS cannot currently be shrunk;

copy desired data to a smaller

file system.

fsck

8

8

Create

physical

volume

pvcreate

7

RHEL

7

8

8

5

6

7

8

View disk

usage

6

7

8

6

7

8

pcp-dstat

pmiostat

df

8

5

6

7

8

Networking

TASK

Configure

name

resolution

Configure

hostname

RHEL

nmcli con mod

/etc/hosts

/etc/resolv.conf

5

6

/etc/sysconfig/network

5

6

hostnamectl

/etc/hostname

nmtui

ifconfig

View network

interface info

View routes

Configure

routes

Configure

firewall

View ports/

sockets

5

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

7

8

6

nmcli dev show

teamdctl

bridge

ip addr

brctl

Configure

network

interface

5

7

6

nmcli con [add|mod|edit]

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

ifcfg-*

5

6

7

8

ip route

5

6

7

8

system-config-network

5

6

7

8

7

8

7

8

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

ip route add

/etc/sysconfig/route-iface

5

6

iptables and ip6tables

/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables

5

6

6

system-config-firewall

firewall-cmd

firewall-config

nftables

8

pcp-dstat--socket

8

ss

lsof

netstat

5

6

7

8

5/19

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