For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 21, 2020 USDL ...

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, April 20, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 ? cpsinfo@ ? cps

Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 ? PressOffice@

USDL-22-0673

EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES -- 2021

In 2021, 6.7 percent of families included an unemployed person, down from 9.8 percent in 2020, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Of the nation's 83.2 million families, 78.5 percent had at least one employed member in 2021.

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 households. Data in this news release are annual averages. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses present. Unless otherwise noted, families include those with and without children under age 18. For further information, see the Technical Note in this news release.

Families and Unemployment

The number of families with at least one member unemployed fell by 2.5 million to 5.6 million in 2021. The proportion of families with an unemployed person, at 6.7 percent, fell by 3.1 percentage points from the prior year but remained above its 2019 value of 4.9 percent. In 2021, the proportion of families with an unemployed person declined for White (to 6.0 percent of families), Black (10.3 percent), Asian (7.7 percent), and Hispanic (10.1 percent) families. Black and Hispanic families remained more likely to have an unemployed member than White or Asian families. (See table 1.)

In 2021, among families with an unemployed member, 67.4 percent also had at least one family member employed, little changed from the prior year. The proportion of families with an unemployed member that had at least one family member working full time fell by 1.4 percentage points to 58.5 percent in 2021. In 2019, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 62.4 percent of families with an unemployed member had at least one family member working full time. Among families with an unemployed member, Black families remained less likely to also have at least one family member who was working in 2021 (56.7 percent of families) than White (69.9 percent), Asian (75.6 percent), and Hispanic (68.4 percent) families. (See table 1.)

In 2021, 5.5 percent of married-couple families had an unemployed member, which was less than the shares for families maintained by women (9.8 percent) and for families maintained by men (10.5 percent). Among families with an unemployed member, those maintained by women remained less likely to also have an employed family member (48.7 percent) than families maintained by men and married-couple families (56.4 percent and 78.5 percent, respectively). (See tables 2 and 3.)

Families and Employment

In 2021, 78.5 percent of families had at least one employed family member, up from 78.2 percent in 2020 but below the 2019 share of 81.2 percent. From 2020 to 2021, the likelihood of having an employed family member increased for Black (to 76.6 percent of families), Asian (86.2 percent), and Hispanic (85.0 percent) families, but changed little for White families (78.1 percent). Black families were the least likely to have an employed family member in 2021. (See table 1.)

Families maintained by women remained less likely to have an employed member (75.7 percent) in 2021 than families maintained by men (82.4 percent) or married-couple families (78.7 percent). Among married-couple families, both spouses were employed in 46.8 percent of families, up from 45.5 percent in the prior year. In 2021, only one spouse was employed in 25.3 percent of marriedcouple families, down from 26.7 percent in 2020. (See table 2.)

Families with Children

In 2021, 32.8 million families, or two-fifths of all families, included children under age 18. (Children are biological, step-, or adopted children living in the household who are under age 18. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related and unrelated children, and children not living in the household.) At least one parent was employed in 89.1 percent of families with children, up from 88.5 percent in 2020 but below its 2019 value of 91.4 percent. Among married-couple families with children, 96.5 percent had at least one employed parent in 2021, and in 62.3 percent of these families both parents were employed. Among families maintained by fathers, 81.7 percent of fathers were employed, a greater share than the 71.2 percent of mothers who were employed in families maintained by mothers. (See tables 1 and 4.)

Parents

The labor force participation rate--the percent of the population working or looking for work--for all mothers with children under age 18 was 71.2 percent in 2021, unchanged from the prior year but down from 72.3 percent in 2019. The participation rate for fathers with children under age 18, at 92.5 percent in 2021, was little changed from 2020 (92.3 percent) but down from 2019 (93.3 percent). (See table 5.)

The participation rate for married fathers increased by 0.2 percentage point from the prior year to 93.5 percent in 2021, while the rates for married mothers (69.3 percent) and for mothers and fathers with other marital statuses (75.3 percent and 87.0 percent, respectively) showed little change. Married mothers remained less likely to participate in the labor force in 2021 than mothers with other marital statuses. By contrast, married fathers remained more likely to participate in the labor force than fathers with other marital statuses. (Other marital status includes persons who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.) (See table 5.)

Mothers of younger children remained less likely to participate in the labor force than mothers with older children. In 2021, 65.6 percent of mothers with children under age 6 participated in the labor force compared with 75.5 percent of mothers whose youngest child was age 6 to 17. By contrast, fathers with children under age 6 were more likely to participate in the labor force than those whose youngest child was age 6 to 17 (93.9 percent versus 91.5 percent). (See table 5.)

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In 2021, the unemployment rate for mothers decreased by 2.5 percentage points from the prior year to 5.0 percent, and the rate for fathers decreased by 1.8 percentage points to 3.8 percent. The unemployment rate for married mothers remained considerably lower than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses--3.3 percent compared with 8.5 percent in 2021. Married fathers also continued to have a lower unemployment rate, at 3.1 percent, than fathers with other marital statuses, at 8.0 percent. Among mothers who had children under age 3, the unemployment rate for those who were married was about one-third the rate for mothers with other marital statuses (3.6 percent versus 11.2 percent). (See tables 5 and 6.) Employed fathers remained more likely to work full time than employed mothers in 2021--95.5 percent compared with 79.6 percent. Among employed mothers, those with older children remained more likely to work full time than those with younger children. In 2021, 81.2 percent of employed mothers with children ages 6 to 17 worked full time compared with 77.2 percent of mothers with children under age 6. Among employed fathers, 95.7 percent of those with older children and 95.3 percent of those with younger children worked full time. (See table 5.)

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Technical Note

The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides information on the labor force status, demographics, and other characteristics of the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Definitions Definitions of the principal terms used in this

release are described briefly below. Householder. The householder is the family

reference person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined in terms of their relationship to the householder. The race and Hispanic ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder.

Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all such individuals are considered members of one family. The count of families is for "primary" families only. A primary family consists of a householder and all other persons related to and residing with the householder. Sub-families are excluded from the count of families. A sub-family is a family that does not maintain their own household, such as a married couple living in the home of a friend and their family. In this example, the report would include only one family (the householder's or primary family), not two.

Families include those with and without children under age 18. Families are further categorized as follows: ? Married-couple families refer to opposite-sex

and same-sex married couples residing together and any of their family members residing in the household. ? Families maintained by women or men are made up of householders residing with one or more family members but no spouse of either sex present. Unmarried domestic partners of

either sex may or may not be present in the household. This release presents data for two marital status categories, defined below. Marital status is based on a person's status at the time of the survey. Total married, spouse present. Married, spouse present, includes persons in either opposite-sex or same-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status. Other marital status includes persons who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent. Separated includes persons with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other persons permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, includes married persons living apart because either a husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except separation as defined above.

Children. Data on children refer to own children under age 18 that live in the household. Included are biological, step-, and adopted children of the husband, wife, or person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and all unrelated children living in the household. Children not living in the household are also not included.

Employed. Employed persons are all those who, during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family. Persons who were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, vacation, labor disputes, or another reason also are counted as employed.

Full-time workers. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

Part-time workers. Part-time workers are those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs.

Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no employment during the reference week,

were available for work at that time, and had made

specific efforts to find employment sometime

during the 4-week period ending with the reference

week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to

a job from which they had been laid off need not

be looking for work to be classified as

unemployed.

Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force

comprises all persons classified as employed or

unemployed.

Labor force participation rate. The labor force

participation rate is the number of persons in the

labor force as a percent of the population.

Employment-population

ratio.

The

employment-population ratio is the number of

employed persons as a percent of the population.

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is

the number of unemployed persons as a percent of

the civilian labor force.

Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or

processing of the data. Information about the reliability of data from

the CPS and guidance on estimating standard errors are available at cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Comparability of the estimates

Effective with data for 2020, estimates of the

number of married persons refer to those in

opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to

2020, estimates of the number of married persons

referred to those in opposite-sex marriages only.

The definition of families incorporated this change

by expanding the definition of married-couple

families to include same-sex married couples. This

new classification resulted in a larger estimate of the

number of persons who are married with a spouse

present. It also resulted in a larger estimate of the

number of married-couple families and the total

number of families. The 2019 estimates mentioned

in this news release are revised data that incorporate

the new classification of married persons. These

revised 2019 estimates, as published in the

"Employment Characteristics of Families--2020"

news release, do not match those originally

published in the "Employment Characteristics of

Families--2019" news release or in the BLS online

database. Additional information about the

classification change is available from the Census

Bureau

at

content/dam/Census/library/work

ing-papers/2019/demo/SEHSD-WP-2018-30.pdf.

In addition, the data presented in this release are

not strictly comparable with data for earlier years

due to the introduction of updated population

estimates, or controls, used in the CPS. The

population controls are updated each year in

January to reflect the latest information about

population change. Additional information is

available from the BLS website at

cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2020-2021 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2020

2021

EMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . With at least one family member employed full time1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... .

White Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . With at least one family member employed full time1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... .

Black or African American Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . With at least one family member employed full time1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... .

Asian Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . With at least one family member employed full time1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... .

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . With at least one family member employed full time1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... .

UNEMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . Some family member(s) employed............................................................................. . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some family member(s) employed full time1............................................................... . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . Some family member(s) employed............................................................................. . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some family member(s) employed full time1............................................................... . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... .

83,144 64,995

78.2 59,683 18,148

21.8

65,324 50,925

78.0 46,762 14,399

22.0

10,183 7,713 75.7 6,975 2,470 24.3

5,153 4,365

84.7 4,131

788 15.3

13,369 11,245

84.1 10,367

2,124 15.9

83,144 8,124 9.8 5,492 67.6 4,869 59.9

65,324 5,858 9.0 4,097 69.9 3,644 62.2

10,183 1,360 13.4

83,179 65,286

78.5 59,839 17,894

21.5

65,279 50,967

78.1 46,757 14,312

21.9

10,248 7,851 76.6 7,063 2,397 23.4

5,141 4,432

86.2 4,149

709 13.8

13,734 11,671

85.0 10,744

2,063 15.0

83,179 5,594 6.7 3,771 67.4 3,272 58.5

65,279 3,894 6.0 2,723 69.9 2,368 60.8

10,248 1,050 10.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2020-2021 annual averages -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2020

2021

Some family member(s) employed............................................................................. .

776

595

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57.1

56.7

Some family member employed full time1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

676

513

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49.7

48.8

Asian Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . Some family member(s) employed............................................................................. . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some family member(s) employed full time1............................................................... . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,153 560 10.9 401 71.6 358 63.9

5,141 395 7.7 299 75.6 258 65.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As a percent of total families.................................................................................... . Some family member(s) employed............................................................................. . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some family member(s) employed full time1............................................................... . As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13,369 1,906 14.3 1,290 67.7 1,150 60.3

13,734 1,391 10.1 951 68.4 821 59.0

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder, the family reference person in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Beginning in 2020, family estimates reflect a change in the classification of marital status. This change expanded the definition of married-couple families to include same-sex married couples. As a result, data under the new definition are not strictly comparable with data prior to 2020.

Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2020-2021 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number

2020

2021

Percent distribution

2020

2021

TOTAL MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES1 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . With only one spouse employed.................................................. . With both spouses employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other employment combinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Opposite-sex married-couple families

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Husband only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wife only............................................................................. . Husband and wife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other employment combinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN2 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Householder only................................................................... . Householder and other member(s)............................................... . Other member(s), not householder............................................... .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN2 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With at least one family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Householder only................................................................... . Householder and other member(s)............................................... . Other member(s), not householder............................................... .

With no family member employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61,375 48,279 16,408 27,921

3,950 13,096

60,804 47,785 11,644

4,614 27,591

3,937 13,018

14,826 11,089

5,879 3,108 2,102 3,737

6,943 5,627 2,706 1,959

963 1,315

60,471 47,612 15,300 28,275

4,037 12,859

59,843 47,067 10,897

4,250 27,900

4,019 12,776

15,515 11,748

6,065 3,520 2,163 3,767

7,194 5,926 2,784 2,161

982 1,268

100.0 78.7 26.7 45.5 6.4 21.3

100.0 78.6 19.1 7.6 45.4 6.5 21.4

100.0 74.8 39.7 21.0 14.2 25.2

100.0 81.1 39.0 28.2 13.9 18.9

100.0 78.7 25.3 46.8 6.7 21.3

100.0 78.7 18.2 7.1 46.6 6.7 21.3

100.0 75.7 39.1 22.7 13.9 24.3

100.0 82.4 38.7 30.0 13.6 17.6

1 Includes both opposite-sex and same-sex married-couple families.

2 Includes families with no spouse of either sex present.

NOTE: In families maintained by women or men with no spouse present, householder refers to the woman or man maintaining the family. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Beginning in 2020, family estimates reflect a change in the classification of marital status. This change expanded the definition of married-couple families to include same-sex married couples. As a result, data under the new definition are not strictly comparable with data prior to 2020.

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