Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences



BHARATESH HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITALS AND POST-GRADUATE RESEARCH CENTRE, BELGAUM

Recognized by:

CENTRAL COUNCIL OF HOMOEOPATHY, NEW DELHI.

Affiliated To:

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE

M.D (Homoeopathy)

SYNOPSIS

“UTILITY OF ARSENICUM ALBUM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS ”

by

Dr. SHRINIVAS PATIL

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. S. M. Angadi. M.D.(Hom)

Professor . Guide and HOD,

Department of Materia medica.

Bharatesh Homoeopathic Medical College

& Hospitals, Belgaum.

From:

Dr. SHRINIVAS. M .PATIL,

To,

DR .S. M. Angadi, M.D. (HOM)

Professor, Guide and HOD,

Dept. of Homoeopathic materia medica,

Bharatesh homoeopathic medical college & hospital, P.G. research centre,

Belgaum- 590016

Sub: Application to accept my synopsis for dissertation.

Respected Sir,

I Dr.SHRINIVAS .M. PATIL, would like to forward my application for the approval of my synopsis under your guidance for the topic, “UTILITY OF ARSENICUM ALBUM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS.”

Hope you will approve the same.

Date:

Place: Belgaum

Yours Sincerely,

Dr. SHRINIVAS PATIL

Department .of homoeopathic materia medica,

Bharatesh Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital,

Belgaum.

From:

DR.S. M . ANGADI , M.D. (HOM)

Professor. Guide and HOD,

Dept. of HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA,

Bharatesh homoeopathic medical college & hospital, P.G. research centre,

Belgaum- 590016

To,

Dr. SHRINIVAS .M. PATIL.

Sub: Acceptance of synopsis for the dissertation.

Dear Doctor,

I have accepted your topic, “UTILITY OF ARSENICUM ALBUM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS” for the dissertation.

Your synopsis will be forwarded to RGUHS.

Date:

Place: Belgaum

DR. S.M . ANGADI, M.D.(HOM)

Professer , Guide and HOD

Dept of homoeopathic material medica,

Bharatesh homoeopathic medical college &

Hospital, P.G. research centre,

Belgaum- 590016

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA, BANGALORE

ANNEXURE-II

APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR

DISSERTATION

|1. |NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS |Dr. SHRINIVAS. M. PATIL. |

| | |PRESENT ADDRESS: |

| | |BHARATESH HOMOEOPATHIC |

| | |MADICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL, |

| | |BELGAUM-590016. |

| |PERMANENT ADDRESS |PERMANENT ADDRESS: |

| | |C/OMR.MARUTI.A.PATIL. |

| | |AT/PO-MUGALIHAL |

| | |TAL-KHANAPUR DIST-BELGAUM |

| | |PIN COD-591106 KARNATAKA |

|2. |NAME OF THE INSTITUTION |BHARATESH HOMOEOPATHIC |

| | |MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITALS & P.G. RESEARCH CENTRE, |

| | |BELGAUM, KARNATAKA. |

|3. |COURSE OF THE STUDY& SUBJECT |M.D. (HOMEOPATHY) |

| | |HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA |

|4. |DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE |13-07-2011 |

|5. |TITLE OF TOPIC |“UTILITY OF ARSENICUM ALBUM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS |

| | |‘’ |

|6. |BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK: |

| |6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY: |

| |Gastritis is the combination of two words, gastric and it is Here, gastrium or gastric means the stomach and it is refer to the |

| |inflammation . Meaning to say, gastritis is the inflammation of stomach . More specifically , gastritis is nothing but the |

| |inflammation of the mucus lining of the stomach.. |

| |Gastritis remains a complex and often confusing topic for clinicians and radiogists. Pathologists, endoscopists, and |

| |radiologists have used varios and often conflicating criteria for the diagnosis of gastritis . Problems including lack of |

| |histologic and Endoscopist correation of finding in “gastritis” and radiologic accuracy in evaluating the many confusing forms|

| |of this disease . The discovary of Helicobacter pylori has dramatically altered the concepts of etiology of a wide variety of |

| |gastric diseases , including peptic ulcer and nonimmune chronic gastritis. |

| |The homoeopathic materia medica is a vast treasure house of remedies which when prescribed on the basis of totality helps in |

| |treating any condition effectively . Homoeopathic system of medicine deals any disease condition in holistic way. One of such |

| |polychrest medicine well documented is Arsenicum album which is derived from mineral kingdom having wide sphere of action. |

| |specially on gastrointestinal system On the other hand, homoeopathy has been well known in giving judicious treatment & relief |

| |in GASTRITIS. This present study is taken up to study the efficiency of Arsenic Album in the management of chronic gastritis |

| |. thus the present study the utility of Arsenic Album in chronic gastritis. |

| | |

| |Null Hypothesis : Arsenic album may not be effective in the management of chronic gastritis. |

| |6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE |

| |Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation or erosion of the stomach mucosa. Gastritis is not one disease but a group of |

| |conditions, which are characterized by inflammation of the lining of the stomach. Gastritis can broadly be divided into acute |

| |gastritis and chronic gastritis. |

| |Acute Gastritis: |

| |Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation of the lining of the stomach. Acute gastritis is a term covering a broad Spectrum of |

| |entities which include inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa. |

| |Inflammation of the whole stomach is called PANGASTRITIS and an inflammation of a part of stomach is called ANTRAL GASTRITIS. |

| |Acute gastritis can divided into: |

| |1. Erosive                                                         |

| |2. Non-erosive |

| |Causes include medications, alcohol, eating or drinking corrosive substances, extreme physiological stress, and infections. |

| |Acute gastritis is often associated with a severe, acute illness, or trauma. The risk factors include nonsteroidal |

| |anti-inflammatory drug use (NSAIDs), recent heavy alcohol use, and physiological stress such major surgery, head trauma, renal |

| |failure, liver failure, or respiratory failure. |

| |Chronic Gastritis: |

| |Chronic gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach that occurs gradually and persists for a prolonged time. |

| |Chronic gastritis may be caused by prolonged irritation from the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), infection|

| |with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, pernicious anemia (an autoimmune disorder), degeneration of the lining of the stomach |

| |from age, or chronic bile reflux. |

| |Causes of Gastritis: |

| |Bacterial infection: |

| |Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) that live deep in the mucosal layer, which coats the lining of the stomach. H. pylori infection |

| |frequently occurs in childhood and can last throughout life if untreated. These bacterias which can be the acid-producing |

| |glands are slowly destroyed. |

| |Bile reflux disease: |

| |Dysfunction of the pyloric valve gives rise to back flow of bile into the stomach, leading to inflammation of the gastric |

| |mucosa. |

| |Pernicious anemia: |

| |People with pernicious anemia may have gastric polyps and get gastric cancer and gastric carcinoid tumors twice as often than |

| |the normal population. |

| |Autoimmune Gastritis: |

| |The immune system makes antibodies and other proteins that fight off infection and keep the body healthy. In some |

| |disorders,which destroying the organ. The stomach lining also may be attacked by the immune system leading to loss of the |

| |stomach cells. This causes acute and chronic inflammation which can result in a condition called pernicious anemia.. A lack of |

| |vitamin B12 may change the surface of the tongue and shrink or thin the stomach lining. |

| | |

| | |

| |Regular use of pain relievers: |

| |Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce prostaglandin which preserves the stomach mucosa thereby cause |

| |inflammation of stomach lining. |

| |Stress: |

| |Severe stress due to major surgery, traumatic injury, burns or severe infections can cause gastritis as well as ulcers and |

| |stomach bleeding. |

| |Alcohol addiction: |

| |It can irritate and erode the gastric mucos |

| |Cocaine: |

| |Cocaine damages the stomach lining and may lead to hemorrhage.  |

| |Radiation and chemotherapy: |

| |Chemotherapy and radiation given for cancer can cause irreversible erosions of the stomach lining and destruction of |

| |acid-producing glands. |

| |Other factors: |

| |Gastritis may be associated with other medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, parasitic infections, some connective tissue |

| |disorders, and liver or kidney failure. |

| |Signs and Symptoms of Gastritis: |

| |The signs and symptoms of gastritis include: |

| |A gnawing or burning ache or pain in the upper abdomen that may become either worse or better after eating. |

| |Loss of appetite. |

| |Bloating: A feeling of fullness in upper abdomen after eating |

| |Weight loss. |

| |Belching: Belching either does not relieve the pain or relieves it only briefly. |

| |Nausea and vomiting: The vomit may be clear, green or yellow, blood-streaked, or completely bloody, depending on the severity of|

| |the stomach inflammation. |

| |In more severe gastritis, bleeding may occur inside the stomach. Any of the following symptoms can be seen as well as those |

| |already mentioned. |

| |Pallor, sweating, and rapid (or "racing") heart beat. |

| |Feeling faint or short of breath |

| |Chest pain or severe stomach pain |

| |Vomiting large amounts of blood |

| |Bloody bowel movements or dark, sticky, very foul-smelling bowel movement. |

| |untreated. It's now known to be the primary cause of stomach ulcers and is a leading cause of gastritis. Long-term infection |

| |with the bacteria causes a widespread inflammatory response that leads to changes in the stomach lining. One of these changes is|

| |atrophic gastritis, a condition in which the acid-producing glands are slowly destroyed. |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |Homeopathic Approach to chronic Gastritis : |

| |Reportorial rubric : |

| |[Kent] Stomach, Inflammation |

| |[Murphy] Stomach, Gastritis |

| |[Boericke] Stomach, Inflammation |

| |[Boenninghausen’s] Stomach, Inflamed, Acute gastritis  |

| |J TYLER KENT: |

| |Says that Causation Taking ice cream cold fruits decayed food sour beer strong Cannot bear the smell or sight of food there is |

| |burning pain with intense heat in the pit of stomach and pressure in stomach especially after eating. Great anxiety about the |

| |stomach, becomes restless Nausea and vomiting of entire food and water as soon as it touches the stomach due to inflammation |

| |and irritation of the mucous membranes . Vomiting as soon as anything is taken ;Vomiting of both food and water . Vomiting black|

| |bile and blood. Vomitus is dark , offensive, scanty and putrid .Vomiting with diarrhea followed by great prostration . Spasmodic|

| |colic with sensation as if the intestines become twisted, with burning in abdomen . The patient is restless with fear of death;|

| |troubles are more during mid –day and mid-night |

| |WM. H . BURT: |

| |“The stomach does not seem to assimilate cold water ;it is wanted , but can not drink it.”Violent burning pain in the stomach |

| |; it feels fire . “The nausea which Arsenic produces is conjoined with a sensation of the greatest weakness with anxiety ;it is |

| |worse during repose, and is aggravated by motion .cramps of abdominal muscles and extremities. Frequent and violent vomiting , |

| |with apprehension of death. Epigastrium hard , distended; bloating of stomach , violent contraction , with intense heat , burns |

| |like fire in the stomach , with great thirst ; drinks little and often |

| |DR. S. R PHATAK: |

| |Says that cannot bear the sight smell or thought of food intense . unquenchable. Burning thirst drinks little and offen craves |

| |ice cold water which distresses the stomach and vomited immediately. Loss of appetite with thirst , with nausea Anxiety felt in |

| |the stomach . burning pain stomach >by sweat milk . hiccough . frequent also when fever ought to have come .desire for sour |

| |thing .brandy coffee milk. Gastralgia from slightest food or drink. |

| |C HERNG : |

| |Gastrointestinal symptoms are warse ice cream . alcohol drinks, tobacco ete.Hicogh frequent also when fever out to have come |

| |nausea and complet loss of appetite. Violent vomiting of food and gastric fluids pressure in the resion of the stomach . weight|

| |as of a stone. Intense heat band burning in stomach and pit of stomach . pain in the stomach relived by sweet milk . great |

| |anxiety about the epigastric resion . pain in the pit of the stomach arresting breating. |

| |WILLIAM BOERICKE: |

| |Says that cannot bear the sight of food . great thirst drinks much but little at atime nausea vomiting after eating or drinking |

| |. Anxiet in the pit stomach and burning pain also present. There is craves for acids and coffe, and long lasting eruection are |

| |seen . vomiting of blood , bile green mucus or black mixed with blood are present. |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |E A Forringtons: |

| |The mouth is dry . there is very distressing heartburn. Sometimes burning in the stomach like coals of fire is associated with |

| |the diarrhea the stool are undigested . slimy and bloody . and are attended with violent tenesmus and burnig in the rectum . the|

| |exciting causes for this symptoms are sudden chilly of the stomach with ice water or ice cream , alcohol drinks in excess , |

| |certain poisons Etc. |

| |Objectives of the study: |

| |To study the presentation of Gastrointestinal disease in |

| |Clinical practice. |

| |To study drug profile of Arsenicum album in general. |

| |To study the utility of arsenicum album in chronic gastritis & to collect data regarding arsenicum album from various materia |

| |medica books. |

| | |

| | |

|7. |MATERIAL AND METHODS: |

| |7.1 SOURCES OF DATA: |

| |The subject for this study will be taken from the Bharatesh homoeopathic medical college & hospital OPD/ IPD/ village health |

| |camps. |

| |[ |

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| |7.2 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA (INCLUDING SAMPLING PROCEDURE, IF ANY) |

| |Patients will be selected from inclusion & exclusion criteria. Data will be collected on the bases of interview methods as per |

| |the proforma prepared for the topic. |

| |The study will be done with simple random sample technique. |

| |All cases will be taken as per the profoma prepared for the topic. Thorough history will be taken. All cases shall be thoroughly|

| |analysed, symptoms are evaluated over correct nosological diagnosis. |

| |ARS ALB in various potencies on the basis of susceptibility of patients will be given as first prescription irrespective of |

| |constitutional indication. |

| |Treatment will be started after correction of existing & predisposing causes. |

| |Cases will be seen every week initially, every two weeks afterwards & as & when necessary. |

| |All the cases registered from November 2011 to July 2013 will be taken for the study. |

| |Result criteria-assessment of result shall be recovered, improved & not improved. |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |Following are the inclusion & exclusion criteria: |

| |Inclusion Criteria: |

| |Patients of both the sexes |

| |The age between 30 to 40yrs, |

| |who present with the Nosological diagnosed case of chronic gastritis will be taken,irrespective of their socioeconomic |

| |status. |

| |Exclusion Criteria: |

| |Patients having other chronic illness associated with Chronic gastritis will be excluded. |

| |Patients having advanced pathology originating as a sequel of chronic gastritis will be excluded. |

| |7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATIONS TO BE CONDUCTSD ON PATIENT OR OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS? IF SO, PLEASE DESCRIBE |

| |BRIEFLY. |

| |Diagnosis |

| |Often, a diagnosis can be made based on the patient's description of his or her symptoms, but other methods which may be used to|

| |verify gastritis include: |

| |Blood tests: |

| |Blood cell count |

| |Presence of H. pylori |

| |Pregnancy |

| |Liver, kidney, gallbladder, or pancreas functions |

| |Urinalysis |

| |Stool sample, to look for blood in the stool |

| |X-rays |

| |ECGs |

| |Endoscopy, to check for stomach lining inflammation and mucous erosion |

| |Stomach biopsy, to test for gastritis and other conditions[13] |

| | |

| |7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION IN CASE 7.3 |

| |YES, ethical clearance has been obtained from the institution. |

|8. |LIST OF REFERENCES: |

| |Heath. hpathy. Com/gastritis-symptom…. |

| |En. wik/gastritis |

| |API text book of medicine, 8th edition 2008, published by Association of physicians of India, vol- 1 ,p.no-630 |

| |Braunwald, Fauci, Hauser, laugo, Jameson etc..al Harrison’s Principlesof internal medicine 16th edition vol-2 , U.S.A Mc |

| |Graw Hill companies, p.no-1761 |

| |Medicine for students, A reference book for the family physician by Golwala, 22nd edition 2008, published by the national book |

| |depot, p. no- 16 |

| |Davidson’s principles & practice of medicine, Churchil living stone, reprinted 8th edition 2000 , p.no -884 & 885 |

| |7. WM.H.BURT, Physiological materia medica, 3rd edition 2008, B. Jain publication, p. no-123 |

| |8. C.HERRING, Condensed materia medica, reprint edition 2000, B. Jain publication, p.no-136 |

| |9. M.L.TYLER, Homoeopathic drug pictures, reprint edition 2000, B. Jain |

| |publication p.no-142 and 143. |

| |10. Dr. S. R. Pathak, Materia medica of homoeopathic medicines, second edition, revised & enlarged, B. jain publications 2008,|

| |p. no-85. |

| |11. T. F. Allen, Hand book of materia medica & homoeopathic therapeutics, reprint edition 2001, B. jain publication, P.no.124|

| |& 125. |

| |12. E ,A .Farrinton M D, Farrington’s Lectures on Clinical Materia Medica, fourth editions , 2004, New |

| |Delhi:B, Jain Publishers Pvt Ltd , pg. no 663 |

| | | |

|9. |SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE | |

| | | |

|10. |REMARKS OF THE GUIDE | |

| | | |

|11. |NAME AND DESIGNATION |DR. S. M. ANGADI, MD(HOM) |

| | |PROFESSOR , GUIDE & HOD |

| |OF |DEPARTMENT OF HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA, |

| | |BHARATESH HOMOEOPATHIC |

| |11.1 GUIDE |MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITALS & P.G. RESEARCH CENTRE, BELGAUM, KARNATAKA. |

| | | |

| |11.2 SIGNATURE | |

| | | |

| |11.3 CO-GUIDE(IF ANY) | |

| |11.4 SIGNATURE | |

| | | |

| |11.5 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF MATERIA MEDICA |DR.S.M.ANGADI, MD(HOM) |

| | |PROFESSOR , GUIDE & HOD |

| | |DEPARTMENT OF HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA, |

| | |BHARATESH HOMOEOPATHIC |

| | |MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITALS & P.G. RESEARCH CENTRE, BELGAUM, KARNATAKA. |

| | | |

| |11.6 SIGNATURE | |

| | | |

|12. |12.1 REMARKS OF CHAIRMAN AND PRINCIPAL | |

| | | |

| |12.2 SIGNATURE | |

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