AP Psychology



AP Psychology

Study Guide

Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior

Key Terms

Using your own words, on this paper, write a brief definition or explanation of each of the following.

Biological psychology

Neuron

Dendrites

Axon

Myelin sheath

Action potential

Threshold

Synapse

Neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine(Ach)

Endorphins

Nervous system

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nerves

Sensory neurons

Interneurons

Motor neurons

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Reflex

Neural networks

Lesion

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

CT (computed tomography) scan

PET (positron emission tomography)

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Brainstem

Medulla

Reticular formation

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Limbic system

Amygdala

Hypothalamus

Cerebral cortex

Glial cells

Frontal lobes

Parietal lobes

Occipital lobes

Temporal lobes

Motor cortex

Sensory cortex

Association areas

Aphasia

Broca’s area

Wernicke’s area

Plasticity

Corpus callosum

Split brain

Endocrine system

Hormones

Questions

Neural Communication (pp. 58-65)

1. Explain why, at every level, our existence is both part of a larger system and a combination of smaller systems.

2. Describe the structure of a neuron and the process by which an action potential is triggered.

3. Discuss how nerve cells communicate, and discuss the importance of neurotransmitters for human behavior.

4. Discuss the significance of endorphins, and explain how drugs influence neurotransmitters.

The Nervous System (pp. 65-69)

1. Identify the major divisions of the nervous system and their primary functions, and describe the neurons that carry information throughout the system.

2. Describe the operation of reflexes in the spinal cord and neural networks in the brain.

The Brain (pp. 69-94)

1. Identify and explain the methods used in studying the brain.

2. Describe the functions of structures within the brainstem, as well as those of the thalamus and cerebellum.

3. Describe the functions of the structures in the limbic system.

4. Describe the structure and functions of the cerebral cortex.

5. Discuss how damage to one of several different cortical areas can impair language functioning, and outline the process by which the brain directs reading aloud.

6. Discuss brain plasticity and what it reveals about brain reorganization.

7. Describe research on divided and undivided brains, and discuss what it reveals regarding normal brain functioning.

8. Discuss the brain organization of left-handed people and why left-handedness seems to diminish with age.

The Endocrine System (pp. 94-96)

1. Discuss the functioning of the endocrine system.

2. Identify two important endocrine glands, and specify their functions.

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