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DORAL ACADEMY PREPARATORY SCHOOL

PSYCHOLOGY II- FINAL EXAM REVIEW

2009-2010

MR. EMERIO DIAZ, JR.

Module 15: Motivation

Motivation (def)

Instincts

Fixed-action patterns

Reward/pleasure center of brain

Incentives

Intrinsic v. extrinsic motivation

Biological v. social needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (levels and definition/examples of each)

Optimal v. ideal weight

Overweight

Obese

Hunger Factors

Biological, Psychosocial, Genetic

Peripheral cues v. central cues

Fat cells

Metabolic rate

Set-point

Weight-regulating genes

Genetic sex factors

Biological sex factors

Psychological sex factors

Male v. female sex hormones

Gender Identity

Gender Identity Disorder

Gender Roles

Double Standard for Sexual Behavior

Paraphilias

Sexual Dysfunctions

Psychological v. organic factors

Achievement needs

Anorexia v. bulimia

Module 16: Emotion

Emotion (def)

Peripheral, cognitive appraisal, and Affective Neuroscience approaches

Know how each work (step by step)

For Affective Neuroscience (function of amygdala)

James Lange theory

Facial Feedback Theory

Universal Facial Expressions

Functions of Emotions

Happiness

Adaptation level theory and happiness

Emotional Intelligence

Module 17: Infancy and Childhood

Nature v. Nurture

Developmental Psychologists

Prenatal Period

Germinal Stage, Embryonic Stage, Fetal Stage

Placenta

Teratogen

Amniocentesis

Down’s Syndrome

Differentiate between Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect

Newborns’ Abilities (the senses)

Visual-cliff

Proximodistal v. cephalocaudal principles of motor development

Maturation v. developmental norms

Temperament

Def and types

Attachment

Def and types

Cognitive Development

Assimilation v. accommodation

Piaget’s 4 cognitive stages (include milestones/challenges in each)

Social Development

Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

Vulnerability v. resiliency

Social Role Theory

Gender schemas

Module 18: Adolescence and Adulthood

Adolescence (def)

Girls and Boys during puberty

Brain development in Adolescence

Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Reasoning

Parenting Styles

Changes Beyond Adolescence

Personality and Social Development

Personal Identity/Self identity

Self esteem

Erikson’s Stages 5-8

Types of Love

Passionate v. companionate

Sternberg’s Love triangle

Schemas

Normal v. pathological aging

Aging men v. women

Module 19: Freudian and Humanistic Models

Personality

Theory of personality

Freud’s Psychodynamic theory of personality

Conscious Thoughts

Unconscious forces

Unconscious motivation

Unlocking the unconscious

Free association, dream interpretation, Freudian slips

Id, Ego and Superego

Definition and relationship

Anxiety and defense mechanisms

Fixation in Oral, Anal, Phallic Stages (consequences)

Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney

Humanistic Theories

3 Characteristics: Phenomenological, Holistic, Self-Actualization

Roger’s Self Theory

Real self v. ideal self

Positive regard

Unconditional v. conditional positive regard

Rorschach v. Thematic Apperception Test

Module 20: Cognitive & Trait Theories

Social Cognitive Theory

Cognitive Factors

Environmental Factors

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

Four main Cognitive Factors

Locus of Control

Internal v. External

Delay of gratification

Self-efficacy

4 methods of measuring self-efficacy

Module 21: Health, Stress, and Coping

Panic Disorder v. Panic Attack

Stress

Primary Appraisal

Harm/loss, Threat, Challenge

Galvanic Skin Response

Physiological Response to stress

Sequence

Psychosomatic symptoms

General Adaptation Syndrome

Mind-body connection and mind-body therapy

Immune system

Psychoneuroimmunology

Hassles

Uplifts

Major life events

Frustration

Burnout

PTSD

Conflict (def)

Approach-approach

Approach-avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance

Style of Dealing with conflict

Hardiness

Optimism

Positive Psychology

Type A, Type D, Type B Behaviors

Secondary Appraisal

Problem focused v. emotion focused coping strategies

Module 22: Assessment and Anxiety Disorders

Insanity

Mental Disorder

Phobia

Factors in Mental Disorder

Biological v. Cognitive Emotional Behavioral Environmental

Defining Abnormal

Statistical Frequency, Social Norms, Maladaptive Behaviors

Assessment of Mental Disorders

Clinical Assessment

Clinical Interview

Personality Tests

Neurological Tests

Diagnosing Mental Disorders

Clinical Diagnosis

DSM-IV-TR

5 Axes of the DSM-IV-TR

Labeling effect

Generalized anxiety disorder

Symptoms and treatment

Anxiety Disorders

Social Phobias

Specific Phobias

Agoraphobia

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Somatoform Disorders

Definition

Somatization disorder

Conversion disorder

Mass hysteria

Conduct Disorder

Module 23: Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders

Mood disorder (def)

Major Depressive Disorder

Use of anti-depressants

Bipolar I Disorder

lithium

Dysthymic Disorder

Causes of Mood Disorders

Biological Factors

Psychosocial Factors

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Issues and effectiveness

Personality Disorders (Def)

Personality Disorders (Types)

Treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder

Schizophrenia (Def and types)

Type I v. Type II Schizophrenia

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Biological Causes

Genetic Markers

Neurological Causes

Frontal Lobe

Diathesis-Stress Model

Treatment for Schizophrenia

Typical v. Atypical Neuroleptics

Dopamine Theory

Side effects of each

Tardive dyskinesia

Dissociative Disorder

Definition

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative Fugue

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Beck’s Theory of Depression

Module 24: Therapy

Psychotherapy (definition)

3 basic characteristics

Early Treatments

Dr. Benjamin Rush’s Tranquilizing Chair

Moral Therapy

Phenothiazines

Deinstitutionalization

Community Mental Health Care Centers

Different Types of Therapists

Therapies

Insight Therapy

Psychoanalysis

Transference

Resistance

Neuroses

Short Dynamic Psychotherapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Eclectic Approach

Medical Therapy

Client-Centered Therapy

Definition

Characteristics

Cognitive Therapy

Definition

Characteristics

Behavior Therapy

Definition

Characteristics

Module 25: Social Psychology

Social Psychology (Def)

Cognitive Social Psychology (Def)

Person Perception

Characteristics on person perception

Social Neuroscience

Stereotypes

Prejudice

Discrimination

Functions of stereotypes (for better/worse)

Person Schemas

Roles schemas

Event schemas

Self-schemas

Attribution

Internal Attribution

External Attributions

Kelley’s Model of Covariation

Consensus

Consistency

Distinctiveness

Fundamental Attribution error

Actor-Observer effect

Self-serving bias

Attitude (def)

Component of attitudes

Function of attitudes

Cognitive Dissonance

Counterattitudinal behavior

Self-perception theory

Persuasion

Central route

Peripheral route

Social and Group influences

Hazing

Conformity (def)

Solomon Asch’s conformity Experiment

Compliance (def)

Foot-in-the-door technique

Obedience (def)

Stanley Milgram’s 1963 Obedience study

Prosocial Behavior

Altruism

Helping- decision-making process

Arousal-cost-reward model of helping

Groups (def)

Group cohesion

Group norms

Festinger and social comparison

Task-oriented groups

Social-groups

Group polarization

Groupthink

Ingroup v. outgroup

Crowd (def)

Social facilitation

Social inhibition

Deindividuation

Bystander effect

Informational influence theory

Diffusion of responsibility

Aggression (def)

Social Cognitive Theory

Frustration aggression hypothesis

Modified frustration aggression hypothesis

Types of rapists

Rape Myths

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