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DORAL ACADEMY PREPARATORY SCHOOL
PSYCHOLOGY II- FINAL EXAM REVIEW
2009-2010
MR. EMERIO DIAZ, JR.
Module 15: Motivation
Motivation (def)
Instincts
Fixed-action patterns
Reward/pleasure center of brain
Incentives
Intrinsic v. extrinsic motivation
Biological v. social needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (levels and definition/examples of each)
Optimal v. ideal weight
Overweight
Obese
Hunger Factors
Biological, Psychosocial, Genetic
Peripheral cues v. central cues
Fat cells
Metabolic rate
Set-point
Weight-regulating genes
Genetic sex factors
Biological sex factors
Psychological sex factors
Male v. female sex hormones
Gender Identity
Gender Identity Disorder
Gender Roles
Double Standard for Sexual Behavior
Paraphilias
Sexual Dysfunctions
Psychological v. organic factors
Achievement needs
Anorexia v. bulimia
Module 16: Emotion
Emotion (def)
Peripheral, cognitive appraisal, and Affective Neuroscience approaches
Know how each work (step by step)
For Affective Neuroscience (function of amygdala)
James Lange theory
Facial Feedback Theory
Universal Facial Expressions
Functions of Emotions
Happiness
Adaptation level theory and happiness
Emotional Intelligence
Module 17: Infancy and Childhood
Nature v. Nurture
Developmental Psychologists
Prenatal Period
Germinal Stage, Embryonic Stage, Fetal Stage
Placenta
Teratogen
Amniocentesis
Down’s Syndrome
Differentiate between Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect
Newborns’ Abilities (the senses)
Visual-cliff
Proximodistal v. cephalocaudal principles of motor development
Maturation v. developmental norms
Temperament
Def and types
Attachment
Def and types
Cognitive Development
Assimilation v. accommodation
Piaget’s 4 cognitive stages (include milestones/challenges in each)
Social Development
Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Vulnerability v. resiliency
Social Role Theory
Gender schemas
Module 18: Adolescence and Adulthood
Adolescence (def)
Girls and Boys during puberty
Brain development in Adolescence
Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Reasoning
Parenting Styles
Changes Beyond Adolescence
Personality and Social Development
Personal Identity/Self identity
Self esteem
Erikson’s Stages 5-8
Types of Love
Passionate v. companionate
Sternberg’s Love triangle
Schemas
Normal v. pathological aging
Aging men v. women
Module 19: Freudian and Humanistic Models
Personality
Theory of personality
Freud’s Psychodynamic theory of personality
Conscious Thoughts
Unconscious forces
Unconscious motivation
Unlocking the unconscious
Free association, dream interpretation, Freudian slips
Id, Ego and Superego
Definition and relationship
Anxiety and defense mechanisms
Fixation in Oral, Anal, Phallic Stages (consequences)
Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney
Humanistic Theories
3 Characteristics: Phenomenological, Holistic, Self-Actualization
Roger’s Self Theory
Real self v. ideal self
Positive regard
Unconditional v. conditional positive regard
Rorschach v. Thematic Apperception Test
Module 20: Cognitive & Trait Theories
Social Cognitive Theory
Cognitive Factors
Environmental Factors
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Four main Cognitive Factors
Locus of Control
Internal v. External
Delay of gratification
Self-efficacy
4 methods of measuring self-efficacy
Module 21: Health, Stress, and Coping
Panic Disorder v. Panic Attack
Stress
Primary Appraisal
Harm/loss, Threat, Challenge
Galvanic Skin Response
Physiological Response to stress
Sequence
Psychosomatic symptoms
General Adaptation Syndrome
Mind-body connection and mind-body therapy
Immune system
Psychoneuroimmunology
Hassles
Uplifts
Major life events
Frustration
Burnout
PTSD
Conflict (def)
Approach-approach
Approach-avoidance
Avoidance-avoidance
Style of Dealing with conflict
Hardiness
Optimism
Positive Psychology
Type A, Type D, Type B Behaviors
Secondary Appraisal
Problem focused v. emotion focused coping strategies
Module 22: Assessment and Anxiety Disorders
Insanity
Mental Disorder
Phobia
Factors in Mental Disorder
Biological v. Cognitive Emotional Behavioral Environmental
Defining Abnormal
Statistical Frequency, Social Norms, Maladaptive Behaviors
Assessment of Mental Disorders
Clinical Assessment
Clinical Interview
Personality Tests
Neurological Tests
Diagnosing Mental Disorders
Clinical Diagnosis
DSM-IV-TR
5 Axes of the DSM-IV-TR
Labeling effect
Generalized anxiety disorder
Symptoms and treatment
Anxiety Disorders
Social Phobias
Specific Phobias
Agoraphobia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Definition
Somatization disorder
Conversion disorder
Mass hysteria
Conduct Disorder
Module 23: Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
Mood disorder (def)
Major Depressive Disorder
Use of anti-depressants
Bipolar I Disorder
lithium
Dysthymic Disorder
Causes of Mood Disorders
Biological Factors
Psychosocial Factors
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Issues and effectiveness
Personality Disorders (Def)
Personality Disorders (Types)
Treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder
Schizophrenia (Def and types)
Type I v. Type II Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Biological Causes
Genetic Markers
Neurological Causes
Frontal Lobe
Diathesis-Stress Model
Treatment for Schizophrenia
Typical v. Atypical Neuroleptics
Dopamine Theory
Side effects of each
Tardive dyskinesia
Dissociative Disorder
Definition
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Beck’s Theory of Depression
Module 24: Therapy
Psychotherapy (definition)
3 basic characteristics
Early Treatments
Dr. Benjamin Rush’s Tranquilizing Chair
Moral Therapy
Phenothiazines
Deinstitutionalization
Community Mental Health Care Centers
Different Types of Therapists
Therapies
Insight Therapy
Psychoanalysis
Transference
Resistance
Neuroses
Short Dynamic Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Eclectic Approach
Medical Therapy
Client-Centered Therapy
Definition
Characteristics
Cognitive Therapy
Definition
Characteristics
Behavior Therapy
Definition
Characteristics
Module 25: Social Psychology
Social Psychology (Def)
Cognitive Social Psychology (Def)
Person Perception
Characteristics on person perception
Social Neuroscience
Stereotypes
Prejudice
Discrimination
Functions of stereotypes (for better/worse)
Person Schemas
Roles schemas
Event schemas
Self-schemas
Attribution
Internal Attribution
External Attributions
Kelley’s Model of Covariation
Consensus
Consistency
Distinctiveness
Fundamental Attribution error
Actor-Observer effect
Self-serving bias
Attitude (def)
Component of attitudes
Function of attitudes
Cognitive Dissonance
Counterattitudinal behavior
Self-perception theory
Persuasion
Central route
Peripheral route
Social and Group influences
Hazing
Conformity (def)
Solomon Asch’s conformity Experiment
Compliance (def)
Foot-in-the-door technique
Obedience (def)
Stanley Milgram’s 1963 Obedience study
Prosocial Behavior
Altruism
Helping- decision-making process
Arousal-cost-reward model of helping
Groups (def)
Group cohesion
Group norms
Festinger and social comparison
Task-oriented groups
Social-groups
Group polarization
Groupthink
Ingroup v. outgroup
Crowd (def)
Social facilitation
Social inhibition
Deindividuation
Bystander effect
Informational influence theory
Diffusion of responsibility
Aggression (def)
Social Cognitive Theory
Frustration aggression hypothesis
Modified frustration aggression hypothesis
Types of rapists
Rape Myths
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