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Constructing SCA Household Names
Using Irish Gaelic Family and Clan Name Models
by
Mari Elspeth nic Bryan
Introduction
The modern word clan comes with many varied meanings and connotations. A large number of those references are post-period. To avoid confusion, I have tried to only use the words clan and clann in this handout in specific contexts.
This handout focuses primarily on inherited family names that have eponymous ancestors in the 8th through 11th centuries. The most common form of inherited family name that originated during this time period is the model that will be most useful to submitters. This form of family name survives today in "O" names such as O'Neill, O'Shea, O'Brien, etc.
Notation Conventions
For consistency, Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 – c. 1700) name forms have been used throughout the handout.
Terminology
There are a number of terms that are specific to family naming structures. Some that relate to Irish Gaelic family names previous to 1600 are:
eponym portion of a family name that refers to an eponymous ancestor
eponymous ancestor the ancestor from which the family or clan name is derived. For example, the eponymous ancestor of the Ó Néill family had the given name of Niall.
Woulfe (p. 685) gives a list of words used to indicate a family or branch of a family. The ones that are applicable to an SCA household name are:
Cineal kindred, race, descendants
Clann children
Muintear family, people
Siol seed, progeny
Sliocht progeny
Uí grandsons, descendants
A Constructed Example of Period Usage
This example is completely fictional. It is constructed specifically to illustrate aspects of naming conventions that apply to members of a family.
Say that a man named Niall lived in Ireland between the 8th and 11th centuries. This Niall became very well known. He becames so well known, that when his son Art was mentioned, it was significant that Niall was his father. Art eventually had a son Brian. Niall turned out to be so well known that his grandson became better known as Brian Ó Néill ("Brian grandson [of] Niall") than as Brian mac Airt ("Brian son [of] Art"). Niall's prominence turned out to last over multiple generations and so Ó Néill became the family name of his descendants. In this situation, Niall was the eponymous ancestor of the Ó Néill family.
In this diagram: Uí Néill
variants of a person’s name are in regular format Niall Clann Néill
variants of the name of a family or branch are in italics Muintear Néill
Art
Art mac Néill
Brian
Brian mac Airt
clann Briain Brian Ó Néill
clann Briain Uí Néill Brian mac Airt Uí Néill
Conchobhar Cormac
Conchobhar mac Briain Cormac mac Briain
Conchobhar mac Briain Uí Néill Cormac mac Briain Uí Néill
Conchobhar Ó Néill Cormac Ó Néill
clann Conchobhair clann Cormaic
clann Conchobhair Uí Néill clann Cormaic Uí Néill
Domhnall Donnchadh
Domhnall mac Conchobhair Donnchadh mac Cormaic
Domhnall mac Conchobhair Uí Néill Donnchadh mac Cormaic Uí Néill
Domhnall Ó Néill Donnchadh Ó Néill
clann Domhnaill clann Donnchadha
clann Domhnaill mhic Conchobhair Uí Néill clann Donnchadha mhic Cormaic Uí Néill
clann Domhnaill Uí Néill clann Donnchadha Uí Néill
Eochaidh Eoghan
Eochaidh mac Domhnaill Eoghan mac Donnchadha
Eochaidh mac Domhnaill Uí Néill Eoghan mac Donnchadha Uí Néill
Eochaidh Ó Néill Eoghan Ó Néill
Eithne Éodaoin
Eithne inghean Domhnaill Éodaoin inghean Donnchadha
Eithne inghean Domhnaill Uí Néill Éodaoin inghean Donnchadha Uí Néill
Eithne inghean Uí Néill Éodaoin inghean Uí Néill
Bynames Indicating Fosterage
A few period examples of descriptive bynames refering to a fosterage relationship have been found in the mid-14th C through the 16th C. In most cases, the descriptive byname is formed from the name of the family's eponymous ancestor. Examples include:
Caomhanach refers to the Ó Caomhain family
Doibhlénach refers to the Ó Doibhlen family
Donnghaileach refers to the Ó Donnghaile family
Luineach refers to the Ó Luinigh family
All of these are adjectival forms. So, in the name Séan Donnghaileach Ó Neill (who lived in the mid-16th century), the descriptive byname Donnghaileach effectively describes Séan as Donnghaile-ish because he was fostered by the Ó Donnghaile family.
The name of the eponymous ancestor appears in the genitive case in the family name, i.e. Ó Caomhain. Therefore, the given name (which uses the nominative case) of the eponymous ancestor was Caomhan. A descriptive byname referring to this family uses an adjectival form (Caomhanach) of the nominative case (Caomhan) of the eponymous ancestor's given name. While adding -ach to construct an adjectival form will work for most names, there are exceptions to this rule.
For the purposes of this constructed period example, we will say that, in the constructed example:
Domhnall mac Conchobhair Uí Néill
was a foster-son of a hypothetical man named:
Fearghus Ó Donnghaile taoiseach Clainni Murchadha
(i.e. Fearghus is the head of the Clann Murchadha branch of the Ó Donnghaile family). In this case, Domhnall’s name would be:
Domhnall Donnghaileach mac Conchobhair Uí Néill
Note that the branch name Clann Murchadha does not appear anywhere in his name.
References to an Entire Family:
Terms used to refer to the family as a group:
Uí Néill 'grandsons/descendants [of] Niall'
Clann Néill 'children/descendants [of] Niall'
Muintear Néill 'family/people [of] Niall'
Regarding the use of Clann in this situation, Woulfe (p. 686) states that "Muintear and Clann which occur so frequently in clan-names are also used to form the collective plural of family names, as Muintear Loingsigh, the O'Lynches, Clann tShíthigh, the MacSheehys, or Sheehys." Woulfe (pp. 25-26) states that "Muinntear is used in the case of Ó-surnames; Clann, with a few exceptions, is confined to Mac-surnames. Siol is now only used in literature. Muinntear and Clann are sometimes prefixed to the gen. case of the surname, as: Muinntear Ui Cheallacháin, the O'Callaghans; Clann Mhic Conmara, the MacNamaras." [Note, Woulfe is inconsistent regarding whether the spelling is Muinntear or Muintear. On pp. 25-26, he uses two 'n's. In the "Clan-Names" section on pp. 685-696, he uses one 'n'.]
I am unsure whether the use of Muintear and Clann with the genitive case of the surname (including the particle, as in Woulfe's examples) is a post-period practice. The only examples I have found so far in the annals only use this construction when specifically referring to children of a chieftain with a title that is the same as the surname. So, for example, children of a chieftain with the title of Ó Néill would literally be clann Uí Néill, 'children [of the] Ó Néill'.
Chiefly titles (used to refer to the current head of the family):
Ó Néill usage: used in place of a name
taoiseach Cloinne Néill meaning: 'chieftain [of the] children [of] Niall';
usage: appended to the name as a chiefly title
taoiseach Muintire Néill meaning: 'chieftain [of the] family/people [of] Niall';
usage: appended to the name as a chiefly title
Examples:
Domhnall mac Conchobhair Uí Néill taoiseach Cloinne Néill
Domhnall mac Conchobhair Uí Néill taoiseach Muintire Néill
The family name can appear in the bynames of family members:
Domhnall mac Conchobhair Uí Néill or Domhnall Ó Néill
Eochaidh mac Domhnaill Uí Néill or Eochaid Ó Néill
Eithne inghean Domhnaill Uí Néill or Eithne inghean Uí Néill
The family name can appear as a byname for a Foster-Son
Domhnall Donnghaileach mac Conchobhair Uí Néill
Period Examples:
Terms used to refer to the family as a group:
"Annals of The Four Masters" (volume 6, entry M1597.20):
Clann t-Síthigh .i. Murchadh Baclamhach mac Murchaidh Bailbh, mic Maghnusa méc Sithigh co na dherbrathair Ruaidhri, & Emann, mac Murchaidh Bacaigh, mic Emainn mic Maghnusa mhec Sitigh do bhasucchadh la Gallaibh a los a c-coccaidh, & a n-díbeircce.
Translation:
The Mac Sheehys, namely, Murrough Baclamhach, the son of Murrough Balbh, son of Manus Mac Sheehy, with his brother, Rory, and Edmond, the son of Murrough Bacagh, son of Edmond, son of Manus Mac Sheehy, were executed by the English for their war and insurrection.
Chiefly titles (used to refer to the current head of the family):
"Annals of Connacht" (entry 1261.16):
Gilla Crist mac Etna h. Mailchiaran tuisech Muintiri Mailchiaran & Tellaig Congusa mortuus est.
Translation:
Gilla Crist son of Enna O Mailchiarain, chieftain of the Muinter Mailchiarain and Tellach Congusa, died.
"Annals of Connacht" (entry 1524.14):
Mac Donnchada Thíre hOilella .i. Ruaidri mac Tomaltaig meic Briain, d'fagbail bais et cocad mor idir Clainn nDonnchada fa tigernus an tíre, & Mac Donnchada do ghairm do Chormac mac Taidc meic Briain.
Translation:
Mac Donnchada of Tirerrill, Ruaidri son of Tomaltach son of Brian, died and a great war broke out among the Clann Donnchada for the lordship of the land, [after which] Cormac son of Tadc son of Brian was proclaimed Mac Donnchada.
"Annals of Connacht" (entry 1532.9):
O Maoilconaire .i. Torna mac Torna, fer a inaidh is ferr tanic a n-ollamnocht hSiol Muredaig, mortuus est & O Maolconaire do ghairm do Choncobar mac Domnaill Ruaid h. Maoilconuire 'na inadh, et a dhul d'ecc co luath 'na diaigh sin.
Translation:
O Mailchonaire, Torna son of Torna, the best man that had held the ollavship of the Sil Murray, died. Conchobar son of Domnall Ruad was proclaimed O Mailchonaire in his stead and died soon afterwards.
References to a Branch of a Family:
Terms used to refer to the branch of the family as a group:
Clann – 'children, descendants'
Clann Conchobhair
Clann Conchobhair mhic Bhriain
Clann Conchobhair Uí Néill
Siol – 'seed, progeny'
Siol c-Conchobhair
Sliocht – 'progeny'
Sliocht Conchobhair
Sliocht Conchobhair Uí Néill
Sliocht Conchobhair mhic Bhriain
Sliocht Conchobhair mhic Bhriain Uí Néill
Chiefly titles (used to refer to the current head of this branch of the family):
taoisech Cloinne Conchobhair meaning: 'chieftain [of the] children [of] Conchobhar';
usage: appended to the name as a chiefly title
Examples:
Domhnall Ó Néill taoiseach Cloinne Conchobhair
Donnchadh Ó Néill taoiseach Cloinne Cormaic
The branch name does not appear in the bynames of members of this branch. The bynames appear as they would for members of the entire family:
Domhnall mac Conchobhair Uí Néill or Domhnall Ó Néill
Eochaidh mac Domhnaill Uí Néill or Eochaid Ó Néill
Eithne inghean Domhnaill Uí Néill or Eithne inghean Uí Néill
The branch name does not appear in the bynames of a Foster-Son. A fosterage bynames appear as they would for members of the entire family:
Domhnall Donnghaileach mac Conchobhair Uí Néill
Period Examples:
Terms used to refer to the family branch as a group:
"Annals of Connacht" (entry 1398.23):
Clann hI Neill .i. clann Domnaill meic Enrí meic Eogain
Translation:
The sons of O Neill, that is of Domnall son of Enri son of Eogain
[In this entry, "h. Neill" is used as a chiefly title.]
"Annals of Connacht" (entry 1518.3):
clainn Donnchada h. Duind .i. Cerball & Eogan
Translation:
Cerball and Eogan sons of Donnchad O Duinn
"Annals of Connacht" (entry 1532.5):
Clann h. Neill .i. clann Airt Oic, Domnall et Tuathal
Translation:
The sons of [the late] O Neill, that is Domnall and Tuathal sons of Art Oc
[In this entry, "h. Neill" is used as a chiefly title.]
"Annals of The Four Masters" (volume 6, entry M1600.38):
Siol c-Concobhair Fhailghe .i. Sliocht Briain mic Cathaoir mic Cuinn mic an Chalbhaigh
Translation:
The O'Conors Faly, namely, the descendants of Brian, the son of Cahir, son of Con, son of Calvagh
"Annals of The Four Masters" (volume 5, entry M1502.12):
Sliocht Feidhlimidh Uí Raghallaigh, & Sliocht Donnchaidh Meg Uidhir
Translation:
the descendants of Felim O'Reilly, and the descendants of Donough Maguire
"Annals of The Four Masters" (volume 5, entry M1519.15):
Sliocht Ferghail Még Cochláin & Sliocht Domhnaill
Translation:
the descendants of Farrell Mac Coghlan and the descendants of Donnell
"Annals of The Four Masters" (volume 5, entry M1526.6):
Sliocht Corbmaic Mic Donnchaidh .i. Eocchan, & Muirchertach
Translation:
the descendants of Cormac Mac Donough, namely, Owen and Murtough
Chiefly titles (used to refer to the current head of this branch of the family):
"Annals of Connacht" (entry 1532.5):
Clann h. Neill .i. clann Airt Oic, Domnall et Tuathal
Translation:
The sons of [the late] O Neill, that is Domnall and Tuathal sons of Art Oc
[In this entry, "h. Neill" is used as a chiefly title.]
Creating the SCA Household Name
Questions to Ask the Submitter
The most difficult part of forming an SCA household name based on an Irish Gaelic family name model is matching the submitter's desires with the appropriate construction.
The most important question to ask the submitter is:
1) How does the submitter want to use the family name they chose?
The answer to this question will help find a family name construction that is a good match for the submitter.
Other questions that would be good to ask are:
2) Does the submitter want members of the household to be able use reference the family name in their personal names?
3) Does the submitter want the household name to match his byname?
4) Does the submitter want the household name to be based on his given name?
In the model of an Irish Gaelic family, there are two basic positions that a head of an SCA household could be compared to. The first position is that the head of the SCA household could be viewed as the eponymous ancestor of the family. The second position is that the head of the SCA household could be viewed as a chieftain of the family or a branch of the family.
The eponymous ancestor of a family did not have the same byname as his descendants. Therefore, a submitter using this model has two choices. If they view themselves as the eponymous ancestor, then the submitted household name should be based on their given name. If they wish their byname to match the household name, then they should view themselves as a descendant of the eponymous ancestor – perhaps as a head of a branch of the family.
Choosing a Model for the Household Name - Factors to consider:
“Eponymous Ancestor” model:
In this model:
- an eponymous ancestor of a family lived in the 7th to 13th centuries (which centuries varied by type of particle used in family name, Uí versus Mac, see next section for details). So, if the head of household has a late period persona, choosing the “Chieftain” option below may be a better choice.
- by the time the family name became used, the eponymous ancestor was long dead. So, a descendant of the family who had the family name as their name would not have interacted with the eponymous ancestor. If interaction in persona is a major part of the household, choosing the “Chieftain” option below is probably a better choice.
- household name formed from head of household’s GIVEN name
- bynames of household members based on head of household’s GIVEN name
- fosterage bynames formed based on head of household’s GIVEN name
- household name takes one of the following forms (where “genitive of given” indicates the genitive form of the head of household’s GIVEN name):
household name meaning
Uí [genitive of given] “grandsons, descendants of ...”
Clann [genitive of given] “children, descendants of ...”
Muintear [genitive of given] “family, people of ...”
Note: I do not know if Uí is registerable as a household designator. If not, register using either Clann or Muintear.
“Chieftain of Family or a Branch of a Family” model:
In this model:
- household name formed from the head of household’s FAMILY name
- bynames of household members based on head of household’s FAMILY name
- fosterage bynames formed based on head of household’s FAMILY name
- household name takes one of the following forms (where “genitive of given” indicates the genitive form of the head of household’s GIVEN name and “family name” indicates the head of household’s FAMILY name).
Referencing the head of household’s FAMILY name only:
household name meaning
Uí [family name] “grandsons, descendants of ...”
Clann [family name] “children, descendants of ...”
Muintear [family name] “family, people of ...”
Note: I do not know if Uí is registerable as a household designator. If not, register using either Clann or Muintear.
Referencing the head of household’s GIVEN name only:
household name meaning
Clann [genitive of given] “children, descendants of ...”
Siol [genitive of given] “seed, progeny of ...”
Sliocht [genitive of given] “progeny of ...”
Referencing the head of household’s FULL name:
household name meaning
Clann [genitive of full name] “children, descendants of ...”
Sliocht [genitive of full name] “progeny of ...”
For more examples, see page 6 of this handout.
If the submitter wants members of the household to be able to include a reference to the household in their SCA name, then he may want to register a construction like clann Conchobhair Uí Néill. That way, members of the household can identify themselves by including forms of Ó Néill in their name. For members who are considered "children" of the head of household, they may wish to form their bynames to indicate that Conchobhar Ó Néill is a direct ancestor of theirs, similar to the example Domhnall mac Conchobhair Uí Néill given above.
Choosing a Time Period and Name for an Eponymous Ancestor
A guideline to remember when choosing a time period and name for an eponymous ancestor is that names referring to an entire family generally had eponymous ancestors from a particular time period.
Family Name Time Frame
Cineal [eponym] eponyms refer to a person who lived in the 5th century
Uí [eponym] eponyms refer to a person who lived in the 7th through the 11th centuries
Mac [eponym] eponyms refer to a person who lived in the 10th through 13th centuries
Branches of families, as discussed above, were used literally and can refer to a person who lived anywhere in the 11th through 16th centuries. (And possibly earlier, the data I have gathered so far is not clear.)
Masculine Given Names
The names listed in this section use spellings appropriate for the time period specified (Old Irish and Middle Irish forms). This list is far from complete. All names listed under a time bracket appear as the given name of a man recorded in at least one set of annals as dying during that time period. This list is continually being updated online. For the latest version, see:
and choose the appropriate time period.
7th C (601-700) – family names form with Uí [note: Old Irish (c700-900) name forms are shown here]
Áedán
Ailill
Báetán
Berach, Berrach
Brénaind, Brénainn
Bruide
Cathal
Cellach
Colmán
Conaing
Conall
Conga
Cúán
Daniél
Dúnchad
Fáelán
Fearghus
Fíngin
Lóchíne, Lóchéne
Lugaid
Máel Bresail
Máel Dúin
Rogellach, Rogallach
Rónán
Sárán
Senach
Tuathal
8th C (701-800) – family names form with Uí
Abél
Abner
Adomnán
Áed
Áedán
Ailill
Art
Brénaind, Brénainn
Bruide
Cathal
Cenn Fáelad
Ciarán
Clemens
Colmán
Conall
Congal
Congalach
Cormacc
Cú Roí
Cúán
Daniél
Donn
Donngal
Dúngal
Dúnlang
Echthigern
Fáelán
Feradach
Fergus
Fiachna
Fíngin
Flaithbertach
Flann
Ioseph
Lóchíne, Lóchéne
Loingsech
Máel Bresail
Muiredach
Muirgius
Murchad
Óengus
Ólchobar
Rechtabra
Rogellach, Rogallach
Rónán
Rumann
Tomaltach
Tomás
Tuathal
9th C (801-900) – family names form with Uí
Abbán
Abél
Abner
Áed
Áedán
Áilgenán
Ailill
Ainmere
Amlaíb
Art
Artúr
Briccéne, Briccíne
Bróen
Cairell
Cathal
Cathalán
Cathassach
Cellach
Cenn Fáelad
Cerball
Cernach
Cernachán
Cináed
Clemens
Cobthach
Colcu
Colmán
Conaing
Conall
Conallán
Congal
Congalach
Conmacc
Cormacc
Cú Roí
Cúán
Cuilén
Dálach
Daniél
Diarmait
Domnall
Donncuan
Donngal
Donnucán
Dubthach
Dúnacán
Dúnadach
Dúngal
Echthigern
Eochucán
Éremón
Fáelán
Fechtnach
Feradach
Ferchar
Ferdomnach
Fiachna
Fíngin
Fínsnechta
Flaithbertach
Flann
Flannacán
Guaire
Ímar
Ioseph
Lóchíne, Lóchéne
Loingsech
Lorcánn
Máel Bresail
Máel Brigde
Máel Ciaráin
Máel Dúin
Máel Fábaill
Máel Martain
Máel Muire
Máel Pátraic
Máel Ruanaid
Mugrón
Muirchertach
Muirecán
Muiredach
Murchad
Óengus
Ólchobar
Rechtabra
Robartach
Rogellach, Rogallach
Rónán
Rúadacán
Ruarcc
Rumann
Scandal
Scandlán
Suibne
Tipraite
Tuathal
Uallgarg
10th C (901-1000) – family names form with Mac or Uí
Áed
Áedán
Ailill
Ainmere
Amargein
Amlaíb
Beollán
Brian
Búadach
Cathal
Cathassach
Cellach
Cellachán
Ciarán
Cináed
Clérchéne
Colmán
Conaing
Conall
Conchobar
Congalach
Conmacc
Cormacc
Cuilén
Cuilénán
Daniél
Diarmait
Domnall
Donnchad
Donngal
Dubgall
Dúnlang
Echthigern
Eógan
Fáelán
Fergal
Fiachrae
Fíngin
Fínnechta
Flaithbertach
Flann
Fogartach
Gilla Coluim
Ímar
Ioseph
Loingsech
Lorcánn
Lugaid
Máel Brigde
Máel Ciaráin
Máel Dúin
Máel Finnén
Máel Máedóc
Máel Martain
Máel Mórda
Máel Muire
Máel Pátraic
Máel Ruanaid
Mathgamain
Mochta
Mugrón
Muirchertach
Muirecán
Muiredach
Murchad
Niall
Óengus
Ólchobar
Rechtabra
Rónán
Rúadán
Ruarcc
Rumann
Scandlán
Suibne
Tadc
Tigernach
Tigernán
Tipraite
Tuathal
Uallgarg
11th C (1001-1100) – family names form with Mac or Uí
Áed
Amargein
Art
Brian
Cathal
Cathalán
Cellach
Cellachán
Cenn Fáelad
Cerball
Cernachán
Cian
Ciarán
Cináed
Conall
Conchobar
Congalach
Conmacc
Conn
Cormacc
Cú Catha
Cú Mara
Cú Muman
Cú Ríán
Cú Slébe
Cú Ulad
Cúán
Diarmait
Domnall
Donnchad
Donngal
Duarcán
Dúnchad
Dúnlang
Echthigern
Eógan
Fáelán
Ferdomnach
Fergal
Fiachna
Flannacán
Gilla Brigde
Gilla Cáemgein
Gilla Ciaráin
Goffraid
Ímar
Lochlainn
Loingsech
Lorcánn
Máel Brigde
Máel Ciaráin
Máel Dúin
Máel Ísu
Máel Martain
Máel Pátraic
Maelán
Mathgamain
Muirchertach
Muiredach
Niall
Óengus
Rogellach, Rogallach
Rónán
Tomaltach
Tuathal
Uallgarg
12th C (1101-1200) – family names form with Mac
Abél
Áed
Aindíles
Amlaíb
Art
Brian
Cathal
Cathalán
Ceallach
Cellachán
Cennétig
Cerball
Cernachán
Cian
Cináed
Conchobar
Congal
Congalach
Cormacc
Cú Caisil
Cú Maige
Cú Mara
Cú Ulad
Cuilén
Dauíd, Dabíd
Diarmait
Domnall
Donn Slébe
Donnchad
Donngal
Echthigern
Énnae
Eógan
Fáelán
Ferdomnach
Fergal
Fiachrae
Finn
Flaithbertach
Flann
Gilla Brénainn
Gilla Ciaráin
Gilla Críst
Gilla na Náem
Gilla Pátraic
Ímar
Lochlainn
Lorcánn
Lugaid
Mac Raith
Máel Brénainn
Máel Brigde
Máel Ciaráin
Máel Coluim
Máel Ísu
Máel Máedóc
Máel Martain
Máel Muire
Máel Pátraic
Máel Ruanaid
Magnus
Mathgamain
Muirchertach
Muiredach
Muirgius
Murchad
Nechtan
Paitín
Ragnall
Robartach
Rónán
Sáerbrethach
Tadc
Tuathal
13th C (1201-1300) – family names form with Mac
Ádhamh
Ainníleas
Amhlaoibh
Aodh
Áengus, Aonghus
Brian
Cathal
Ceallach
Ceallachán
Cionaodh
Conchobhar
Conghalach
Conn
Cormac
Cú Chonnacht
Cú Mhara
Daniél
Dauídh, Daibhídh
Diarmaid
Domhnall
Donn
Donn Slébe
Donnchadh
Dubhghall
Echmhílidh
Eachthighearn
Faolán
Fearghal
Feidhlimidh
Flann
Giolla Chríost
Giolla Phádraig
Íomhar
Maol Bhrighdhe
Maol Chiaráin
Maol Choluim
Maol Fábhaill
Maoilfhinnéin
Maol Íosa
Maol Phádraig
Maghnus
Matha
Mathghamhain
Muircheartach
Muireadhach
Muirgheas
Murchadh
Niall
Nicol
Pádraig
Piaras
Raghnall
Raghallach
Séafraid, Séafraidh
Siacas, Siacus
Tadhg
Tighearnán
Toirdhealbhach
Tomaltach
Tomás
Tuathal
Web Resources for Further Research
Links to good articles that address Irish names and naming practices may be found at Arval Benicoeur's "Medieval Names Archive" () under the page entitled: "Medieval Names Archive: Irish and Manx Names" ().
Bibliography
Mavis Cournane, Vibeke Dijkman, Ivonne Tummers, ed., "Annála Connacht" (WWW: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork, Ireland., 1997)
Mavis Cournane, Donnchadh Ó Corráin, ed., "Annals of the Four Masters, Volume 5" (WWW: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork, Ireland, 1998)
Beatrix Färber, Peter Flynn, ed., "Annals of the Four Masters, Volume 6" (WWW: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork, Ireland, 2000)
Mari Elspeth nic Bryan (Kathleen M. O'Brien), "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (WWW: Academy of Saint Gabriel, 2000-2006)
Donnchadh Ó Corráin and Fidelma Maguire, Irish Names, 2nd edition (Dublin, Ireland: Lilliput Press, 1990).
John O'Donovan, Annals of Ireland, by the Four Masters, Volumes 1-7 (New York, N.Y.: AMS Press, 1966).
Woulfe, Patrick, Irish Names and Surnames, Special Revised Edition (Kansas City, MO: Irish Genealogical Foundation, 1992).
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