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I. The History of Basketball:The game of basketball was actually developed to help condition football players during the winter months. In 1891 Dr. James Naismith, the physical education director at the YMCA College in Springfield, Massachusetts, introduced the game. The first basketball games were played with a soccer-style ball and with peach baskets as the goals. The number of players in play were unlimited in these games. In fact, it was not uncommon to have as many as 50 players in the floor using 4 or 5 basketballs at a time. The first official game of basketball was not played until 1892, when Naismith developed 13 basic rules, some of which are still in use today. The game and the rules were published in a YMCA magazine and distributed throughout the country. The game quickly became popular at other YMCAs, playgrounds, schools, colleges, and community centers.By 1897 players were starting to be called by their positions, but there was still no limit to the number who could play at one time. The decision to limit players to five was not made until 1899. From 1910 to 1923, each team had a standing guard, a running guard, two forwards, and a center. The standing guard was used for defense, like a soccer goalie. The running guard helped on defense and traveled into the offensive territory to assist the forwards in scoring. The standing forward was used primarily for offense and generally stayed on the offensive end of the court. The running forward often moved the length of the floor, helping not only in scoring, but also in passing the ball to the standing forward. The first intercollegiate basketball game was played in 1896 (i.e., Yale vs. Connecticut Wesleyan, and in 1899 women formulated their own rules. The National Collegiate Athletic Association now govern the rules of basketball. II. Basketball Playing Court Diagram:III. Basketball Terms:Dribbling: Bouncing the ball to the floor using one hand at a time.Pass: Is the movement of the ball by a player who throws or bounces the ball to another player.Pivot: Occurs when a player holding the ball keeps one foot still and moves the other one. Rebound: When a player controls possession of a missed shot, either by a teammate (offensive rebound) or an opponent (defensive rebound) Backcourt: the half of the court opposite of the team’s basketBaseline: end line behind each basketBlocking Out: Stepping in front of the offensive player to keep them from rebounding.Charging: When an offensive player fouls a defensive player by running into them.Defense: The team without the ballFoul: Illegal contact of an opposing player.Frontcourt: the half of the court where the offensive team’s basket is located.Jump Ball: 1. Used to begin the game where two opposing players jump to tip the ball (used at the beginning of the game)2. Used when two players from opposing teams tie up a ball (alternating possession rule determines who ball it is)Double Dribble: A violation when a player stops dribbling, picks up the ball, and then begins to dribble again.Key: Free throw lane and the circle area above the free throw line. Jump Stop: when a player stops and lands on both feet at the same time.Offense: the team with the ballScreen/Pick: offensive player establishes a stationary position and blocks a defensive player. Traveling: When a player with the ball takes too many steps without dribbling.Turnover: Violation by one team that awards the ball to the other team.Social skills & Etiquette:Because basketball is a team game the following must be implemented to experience success:TeamworkSocial EtiquetteFair PlayEncouraging teammates as well as players on the opposing team.Recognizing and complimenting good shots and strategic plays.Safety Precautions and Requirements:Proper Dress and Footwear All jewelry must be tucked into shirt or removed before Stretching/Warm-up and game play. Students need to be aware of balls rolling When passing, be sure the receiver is alert and anticipating the pass. Keep head up while dribbling to avoid collision with other students or objects.Be Attentive during game play!All fouls will be called immediately to safeguard players from personal injuries.All players will be held to the rules of the game, no exceptions. Game Description:Basketball is played by 2 teams of 5 players: 2 guards, 2 forwards, and 1 center. Players attempt to outscore their opponents by passing, bouncing, handing off, or dribbling the basketball into position to then shoot it into their offensive basket. At the end of the game, the team with the most points wins. Regulation basketball games consist of either 8-minute quarters (high school), 20-minute halves (college), or 12-minute quarters (professional). Rules and Sequence of Play in BasketballAn official will start every game with a jump ball. One player from each team will enter the center circle and when the official tosses the ball in the air will try to tip it to one of their teammates. The team that has possession of the ball is on offense and their primary goal is to dribble, pass, or hand the ball into position to shoot the ball into their offensive basket. In the game of basketball there are many different offensive plays that a team may run which would require varied positioning of its players. A ball that is shot into a teams’ offensive basket from inside the 3-point arc (see court diagram) is a 2-point field goal. A ball that is shot by a player standing beyond the 3-point arc is a 3-point field goal. After each made field goal the team not scoring puts the ball into play from out of bounds behind the baseline (see court diagram) nearest their defensive basket. The team not in possession of the ball is on defense and their primary goal is to prevent the other team from scoring. The two most commonly used strategies are man to man and zone defenses. In man to man defense each player on the defensive team matches up and guards one player from the offensive team. In zone defense each player is responsible for a specific area on the court and must match up with any offensive player that enters that space. While on defense players can attempt to steal the ball, block a pass or shot, or rebound a missed field goal attempt. They must attempt to do this without initiating illegal body contact with an offensive player. While some incidental contact is allowed in basketball, any time a player (either defensive or offensive player) gains an advantage through contact they will be called for a foul. When a foul is committed the opposing team will either be given the opportunity to shoot free throws (a 1 point shot from 15 feet while play is stopped – see the court diagram) or will be awarded the ball out of bounds. The only other time that the game will be stopped is for a rules violation. A change of possession always follows a violation. Some examples of rule violations include the following:Traveling: When a player moves his/her feet while in possession of the ball without dribbling. Three Second Rule: When an offensive player is in the key or lane (see court diagram) for more than 3 seconds.Double Dribble: When a player dribbles a second time after his/her first dribble has ended. ................
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