Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences



RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT

FOR DISSERTATION

|1. |NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS | |

| | |Mr. AMIT KUMAR SIHAG |

| | |i year M. Sc NURSING, |

| | |E.T.C.M. COLLEGE OF NURSING, |

| | |P.O. BOX No. 4, KOLAR-563101, |

| | |KARNATAKA |

|2. |NAME OF THE INSTITUTION | |

| | |E.T.C.M. COLLEGE OF NURSING, |

| | |P.O. BOX No. 4, KOLAR-563101, KARNATAKA. |

|3. |COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT |M. Sc NURSING |

| | |MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING. |

|4. | | 15-10-2011 |

| |DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE | |

|5. |TITLE OF THE TOPIC |“EFFECTIVENES OF GARLIC CONSUMPTION AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENT ATTENDING |

| | |OPD AT E.T.C.M HOSPITAL KOLAR ” |

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

“You are successful the moment you start moving toward a worthwhile goal”

– Charles Carlson

Life is not merely to be alive, but to be healthy and wealthy. Every day we hear about new diseases and get fear and panicked. Despite incredible improvement in health since 1950, there are still a number of challenges, and cardiovascular disease remains among the leading causes of death worldwide. Hypertension is a very common condition under cardio vascular diseases. Blood pressure is a measurement of the force against the walls of arteries as the heart pumps blood through your body. The normal level for blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, where 120 represents the systolic measurement and 80 represents the diastolic measurement. Hypertension is the term used to describe blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg.1

Every year, 17th May is dedicated to World Hypertension Day (WHD). This is an Initiative of the World Hypertension League (WHL), an affiliated section of the ISH. The WHD was first inaugurated in May 2005 and has become an annual event ever since. The purpose of the WHD is to promote public awareness of hypertension and to encourage citizens of all countries to prevent and control this silent killer, the modern epidemic. The theme for 2012 will be Healthy Lifestyle – Healthy Blood Pressure.2

Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide Overall, 26.4% (95% CI 26.0-26.8%) of the adult population in 2000 had hypertension (26.6% of men [26.0-27.2%] and 26.1% of women [25.5-26.6%]), and 29.2% (28.8-29.7%) were projected to have this condition by 2025 (29.0% of men [28.6-29.4%] and 29.5% of women [29.1-29.9%]). The estimated total number of adults with hypertension in 2000 was 972 million (957-987 million); 333 million (329-336 million) in economically developed countries and 639 million (625-654 million) in economically developing countries. The number of adults with hypertension in 2025 was predicted to increase by about 60% to a total of 1.56 billion (1.54-1.58 billion).3

Hypertension affects approximately 1/3 adults in south east Asia. Prevalence of hypertension in China 27.2%, Hongcong 20%, Korea 33.7%,malasia 33% phillipins 17.4% , Taiwan 25%, Thailand 21%. Approximately 1.5 million people die of hypertension related disease each year in south east asia.4

The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in ASIA (Inter ASIA), conducted in 2000–2001, used a multistage cluster sampling method to select a nationally representative sample. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the general adult population in China.. A total of 15540 adults, age 35 to 74 years, were examined. Three blood pressure measurements were obtained by trained observers by use of a standardized mercury sphygmomanometer after a 5-minute sitting rest. Information on history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications was obtained by use of a standard questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. Overall, 27.2% of the Chinese adult population age 35 to 74 years, representing 129 824 000 persons, had hypertension. The age-specific prevalence of hypertension was 17.4%, 28.2%, 40.7%, and 47.3% in men and 10.7%, 26.8%, 38.9%, and 50.2% in women age 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years, 55 to 64 years, and 65 to 74 years, respectively. Among hypertensive patients, only 44.7% were aware of their high blood pressure, 28.2% were taking antihypertensive medication, and 8.1% achieved blood pressure control ( or =140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of > or =90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication were regarded as hypertensive. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), Persian version. The chi square test, t test, ANOVA and MANOVA were used as appropriate. A multiple regression model was used to show association of blood pressure and QOL. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Program for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 15. All differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Education, income, occupation and marital status were associated with hypertension. A negative association was observed between each domain of health-related QOL and systolic blood pressure after adjustment for socio-demographic variables. Increasing systolic blood pressure was associated with a lower score of health-related QOL. In contrast, diastolic blood pressure was positively associated with health-related QOL.17

2. Literature related to garlic and benefit to hypertension patient.

A study was conducted to assess the effect of time-release garlic-powder tablets lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men with mild and moderate arterial hypertension. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an active control arm, the hypotensive action of time - released garlic powder tablets (Allicor) was compared with that of regular garlic pills (kwai) in 84 men with mild or moderate at arterial hypertension. After an 8-week placebo treatment run - in phase patients were randomized either to 600mg Allicor (n=30) or to placebo (n=20) daily for 8 weeks. In addition, in the open-label branch, patients received either 2400mg Allicor daily (n=18) or 900mg Kwai daily (n=16). Allicor treatment (600mg daily) resulted in a reduction of both systolic and diastolic pressure by 7.0mm Hg and 3.8 mm Hg respectively. Treatment with Kwai resulted in same decreased in systolic blood pressure (5.4mm Hg) as that seen with Allicor, but no decrease in diastolic blood pressure was observed with Kwai. The results of this study shows that time-released garlic powder tablets are more effective for the treatment of mild and moderate arterial hypertension than are regular garlic supplements.18

A double-blind parallel randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 50 patients whose routine clinical records in general practice documented treated but uncontrolled hypertension. The active treatment group received four capsules of aged garlic extract (960[pic]mg containing 2.4[pic]mg S-allylcysteine) daily for 12 weeks, and the control group received matching placebos. The primary outcome measures were systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, and change over time. they also assessed tolerability during the trial and acceptability at 12 weeks. In patients with uncontrolled hypertension (SBP[pic]≥[pic]140[pic]mm[pic]Hg at baseline), systolic blood pressure was on average 10.2[pic]±[pic]4.3[pic]mm[pic]Hg (p[pic]=[pic]0.03) lower in the garlic group compared with controls over the 12-week treatment period. Changes in blood pressure between the groups were not significant in patients with SBP[pic] ................
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