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A&P II Exam 3B 20171) Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. A) mucosa B) submucosa C) submucosal plexus D) muscularis mucosa E) adventitia 2) The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A) serosa B) adventitia C) mesenteries D) fibrosa E) lamina propria 3) The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the A) bronchioles. B) terminal bronchioles. C) spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura. D) respiratory membranes of the alveoli. E) interlobular septa. 4) The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________. A) three lobes; two lobes B) two lobes; two lobes C) two lobes; three lobes D) three lobes; three lobes E) four lobes; three lobes 5) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle?A) accessory muscle of expirationB) accessory muscle of inspirationC) primary muscle of inspirationD) contraction increases airway resistanceE) affects lung compliance6) Determination of blood gases includes testing an arterial sample for A) pH. B) PO2. C) PCO2. D) PO2 and PCO2.E) pH, PO2, and PCO2. 7) When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that A) they are equal. B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric. C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary. D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary. E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric. 8) Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is A) inversely proportional to the volume of its container. B) always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs.C) directly proportional to temperature. D) inversely proportional to temperature. E) directly proportional to the volume of its container. 9) If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs? A) It decreases. B) It increases and possibly damages the lungs. C) It increases twice the amount of the increase in volume. D) It remains constant. E) It increases. 10) ________ involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements and calls on accessory muscles to assist with inhalation, while exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and sometimes abdominal muscles, too. A) Eupnea B) Forced breathing C) Costal breathing D) Vital breathing E) Passive breathing 11) When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, A) the volume of the thorax increases. B) the volume of the thorax decreases. C) the volume of the lungs decreases. D) the lungs shrink. E) expiration occurs. 12) Pulmonary ventilation refers to the A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space. D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells. E) utilization of oxygen. 13) ________ = respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space) A) Vital capacity B) Respiratory minute volume C) Pulmonary ventilation rateD) Alveolar ventilation rate E) External respiration rate 14) Henry's law states that A) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional. B) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. C) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. D) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. E) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. 15) Carbon dioxide and water combine to form A) hydrochloric acid. B) oxygen. C) carbonic acid. D) carbaminohemoglobin. E) nitric acid. 16) Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as A) solute dissolved in the plasma. B) carbaminohemoglobin. C) bicarbonate ions. D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. E) carbonic acid. 17) For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the A) PCO2 should be high.B) pH should be slightly acidic. C) PO2 should be about 70 mm Hg. D) BPG levels in the red blood cells should be high. E) PO2 should be as high as possible.18) A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will A) decrease the rate of breathing. B) double the respiratory rate. C) decrease pulmonary ventilation. D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate. E) decrease the vital capacity. 19) Sympathetic input to the smooth muscle tissue in bronchioles causes all of the following exceptA) bronchoconstriction. B) a bigger lumen. C) less airway resistance. D) activation of beta-two receptors. E) relaxation.20) Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called A) eupnea. B) hyperpnea. C) diaphragmatic breathing. D) costal breathing. E) shallow breathing. 21) Digestion refers to the A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.B) mechanical breakdown of food. C) chemical breakdown of food. D) mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.E) All of the answers are correct.22) Functions of the tongue include all of the following except A) mechanical processing of food. B) manipulation of food. C) sensory analysis of food. D) aiding in speech. E) partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. 23) A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands wouldA) occur when too much protein is ingested. B) cause mumps. C) interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. D) prevent emulsification of lipids. E) inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands.24) During deglutition, A) the soft palate elevates. B) the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes. C) the lower esophageal sphincter opens. D) smooth muscle contracts.E) All of the answers are correct.25) Functions of the stomach include all of the following except A) storage of ingested food. B) denaturation of proteins. C) initiation of protein digestion. D) absorption of triglycerides. E) mechanical breakdown of food. 26) G cells of the stomach secrete A) cholecystokinin. B) secretin. C) gastrin. D) enteropeptidase. E) pepsin. 27) Gastric pits are A) ridges in the body of the stomach. B) involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach. C) openings into gastric glands. D) acid scars in the esophagus. E) hollows where proteins are stored. 28) The enzyme pepsin digests A) carbohydrates. B) proteins. C) lipids. D) nucleic acids. E) vitamins. 29) During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, A) the stomach responds to distention. B) secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells. C) increased production of gastric juice occurs. D) the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying. E) production of gastric juice slows down. 30) All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it A) precedes the gastric phase. B) functions to control the rate of gastric emptying. C) involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. D) helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency. E) begins when chyme enters the small intestine. 31) Which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? A) the circular folds B) the villiC) the microvilli D) intestinal movements E) All of the answers are correct.32) The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is A) enterocrinin. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin. 33) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is A) enterocrinin. B) enteropeptidase. C) secretin. D) cholecystokinin. E) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). 34) In the center of a liver lobule there is a A) hepatic duct. B) portal area. C) sinusoid. D) central vein. E) portal vein. 35) The pancreas produces A) lipases and amylase. B) nucleases. C) peptidases and proteinases. D) sodium bicarbonate.E) All of the answers are correct. 36) A proenzyme secreted by the pancreas isA) trypsinogen.B) amylase.C) carboxypeptidase.D) lipase.E) All of the answers are correct.37) Enterogastric reflexes A) inhibit gastric motility. B) inhibit gastric secretion. C) are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum. D) involve the enteric nervous system. E) All of the answers are correct.38) Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of A) proteins. B) fats. C) disaccharides. D) complex carbohydrates. E) vitamins. 39) Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? A) intestinal juice B) pancreatic juice C) bile D) gastric juice E) saliva 40) Functions of the large intestine include A) absorption of bile salts. B) secretion of vitamins. C) reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. D) production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. E) most of the chemical breakdown of food.41) Resistance is a force that A) increases blood flow. B) decreases blood flow.C) never changes in a blood vessel. D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. E) is always higher than blood pressure. 42) As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure builds. B) pressure drops. C) flow becomes turbulent. D) viscosity increases. E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. 43) Blood pressure is determined by A) measuring the size of the pulse. B) listening carefully to the pulse. C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. 44) Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased A) cardiac output. B) peripheral resistance. C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation. E) force of cardiac contraction. 45) Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers toA) arteriovenous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) arterial pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure. 46) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters longB) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters longC) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters longD) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long47) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased A) heart rate. B) cardiac output. C) blood flow to the lungs. D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) sympathetic stimulation of the heart. 48) To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A) reduces reabsorption of water at the kidneys. B) experiences an increase of interstitial fluids. C) experiences a decrease in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. D) releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). E) All of the answers are correct. 49) Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following exceptA) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. B) inhibition of EPO secretion. C) activation of ADH secretion. D) activation of aldosterone secretion. E) increased thirst and water intake. 50) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?A) component of mucosaB) sensory neural networkC) secretes a watery fluidD) coordinates activity of muscularis externaE) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vesselsXtra Credit (1 point ea)1) Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits A) decreased blood volume. B) increased blood pressure. C) increased body stores of sodium ion. D) polycythemia. E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.2) A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time, you would expect to observe A) increased cardiac output from the right ventricle. B) increased cardiac output from the left ventricle. C) increased thickness of the right ventricular wall. D) distension of the pulmonary veins from the right lung. E) no appreciable changes in heart structure or function. 3) A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in A) a lower pH during gastric digestion. B) a higher pH during gastric digestion. C) decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells. D) increased protein digestion in the stomach. E) decreased gastrin production. 4) Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony? A) increased clotting time B) jaundice C) portal hypertension and ascites D) decrease in plasma protein productionE) All of the answers are correct. 5) When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A) the carotid baroreceptors become less active. B) venous return is decreased. C) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. D) heart rate is reflexively elevated. E) All of the answers are correct. ................
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