Science and Plants for Schools
DFE subjectareaDFE subject content sub-headingDFE subject detailSAPS resourcesAQAGCSE Biology 8461Spec sectionAQAGCSE Combined Science Trilogy 8464Spec sectionAQA GCSE Combined Science Synergy 8465 Spec sectionCell BiologyProkaryotic and eukaryotic cellsexplain how the main sub-cellular structures of eukaryotic cells (plants and animals) and prokaryotic cells are related to their functions, including the nucleus/genetic material, plasmids, mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell membranes Video clip 14-16, post 16Practical 11-144.1.14.1.14.1.1explain the aseptic techniques used in culturing organismsPractical Post 164.1.1Growth and development of cellsdescribe the process of mitosis in growth, including the cell cyclePractical Post 16Animation 14-16, post 164.1.24.1.24.1.3explain the importance of cell differentiationAnimation 14-16, post 164.1.14.1.24.1.14.1.2describe the function of stem cells in embryonic and adult animals and meristems in plantsPractical Post 16Animation 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, Post 164.1.24.1.24.2.2Cell metabolismexplain the mechanism of enzyme action including the active site, enzyme specificity and factors affecting the rate of enzymatic reactionPractical 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, post 164.2.24.2.24.7.4describe cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in all living cellsAnimation 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14Practical Post 164.4.24.4.24.2.1 explain the importance of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol in the synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.Practical 11-14Practical 11-14Video clip 11-14, 14-16, post 164.4.24.4.24.2.1Transport systemsTransport in cellsexplain how substances are transported into and out of cells through diffusion, osmosis and active transportPractical Post 164.1.34.1.34.1.3Transport systems in multicellular organismsdescribe some of the substances transported into and out of a range of organisms in terms of the requirements of those organisms, to include oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, dissolved food molecules, mineral ions and urea.Animation(water and sugar transport) 14-16, post 16Animation(respiration and photosynthesis)14-16, post 164.2.34.4.14.4.24.2.34.4.14.4.24.2.14.2.2Transport systems in plantsexplain how the structure of xylem and phloem are adapted to their functions in the plantResource 11-14Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical Post 16Resource (Moving water through plants section)11-144.2.34.2.34.2.2explain how water and mineral ions are taken up by plants, relating the structure of the root hair cells to their functionAnimation(water and sugar transport)14-16, post 16Practical Post 16Resource (plant roots section)11-14Resource (Plant cells and water section)11-144.2.34.2.34.2.2describe the processes of transpiration and translocation, including the structure and function of the stomata Animation(water and sugar transport)14-16, post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, post 16Practical Post 164.2.34.2.34.2.2explain the effect of a variety of environmental factors on the rate of water uptake by a plant, to include light intensity, air movement and temperaturePractical 14-16, post 16Practical Post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 164.2.34.2.34.2.2Health, disease and the development of medicinesCommunicable diseasesexplain how communicable diseases (caused by viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi) are spread in animals and plantsResource 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource Post 16Practical Science clubResource 14-16, post 16Practical Post 164.3.14.3.14.2.2describe a minimum of one common human infection, one plant disease and sexually transmitted infections in humans including HIV/AIDSResource 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16, post 16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource Post 16Practical Science clubResource 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, Post 164.3.14.3.14.2.2describe how monoclonal antibodies are producedPractical Post 164.3.2describe some of the ways in which monoclonal antibodies can be usedPractical Post 164.3.2describe physical plant defence responses (including leaf cuticle, cell /wall)Resource 14-16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource Post 16Practical Science clubResource Post 16Resource Post 164.3.3describe chemical plant defence responses (including antimicrobial substances)Resource 14-16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource Post 16Practical Science clubResource Post 16Resource Post 164.3.3describe different ways plant diseases can be detected and identified, in the lab and in the fieldResource 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16, post 16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource Post 16Practical Science clubResource 14-16, post 16Practical Post 16Practical 14-16, Post 164.3.34.3.14.2.2Treating, curing and preventing diseaseexplain how the spread of communicable diseases may be reduced or prevented in animals and plants, to include a minimum of one common human infection, one plant disease and sexually transmitted infections in humans including HIV/AIDSResource 14-16Practical 14-16Practical 14-16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource Post 16Practical Science clubResource 14-16, post 16Video clip 11-14, 14-16, post 164.3.34.3.1Coordination and controlPlant hormonesexplain how plant hormones are important in the control and coordination of plant growth and development, with reference to the role of auxins in phototropisms and gravitropismsPractical 11-14, 14-16Practical 14-16, post 16Practical 7-11, 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical Post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 164.5.4describe some of the effects of plant hormones, relating to auxins, gibberellins and ethenePractical Post 16Practical Post 164.5.4describe some of the different ways in which people use plant hormones to control plant growthPractical Post 164.5.4PhotosynthesisImportance of photosynthesisdescribe the process of photosynthesis and describe photosynthesis as an endothermic reactionResource Post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16Resource Post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16Resource 4-7, 7-11, 11-14Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video 11-14, 14-16, Post 16Video 14-16, post 16 Practical Post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 164.4.14.4.14.2.2describe photosynthetic organisms as the main producers of food and therefore biomass for life on EarthResource Post 16Practical 11-14Practical 11-14, 14-16Video Post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16Resource 4-7, 7-11, 11-14Resource Post 16Practical 11-14Video 11-4, 14-16, post 16Video 11-14, 14-16, post 164.4.14.4.14.2.24.4.1explain the effect of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesisResource Post 16Practical Post 16Animation 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical Post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video 11-14, 14-16, Post 16 Practical 14-16, Post 164.4.14.4.14.2.2explain the interaction of these factors in limiting the rate of photosynthesis.Resource Post 16Practical Post 16Animation 11-14Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16,Practical Post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16, Practical 11-14, 14-16, Post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video 14-16, post 16Video 11-14, 14-16, post 164.4.14.4.14.2.2EcosystemsLevels of organisation within an ecosystemexplain how some abiotic and biotic factors affect communitiesPractical 11-14, 14-16, post 164.7.14.7.24.7.14.7.24.4.2describe the importance of interdependence and competition in a communityPractical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, post 16Resource Post 16Practicals 14-16, post 164.7.14.7.24.7.14.7.24.4.2The principle of material cyclingexplain the role of microorganisms in the cycling of materials through an ecosystemPracical Post 16Practical 7-114.7.24.7.24.4.1explain the effects of factors such as temperature and water content on rate of decomposition in aerobic and anaerobic environmentsResource 7-11Practical 7-114.7.2evaluate the evidence for the impact of environmental changes on the distribution of organisms, with reference to water and atmospheric gasesResource 14-16, post 164.7.24.4.1Pyramids of biomass and transfer through trophic levelsdescribe the differences between the trophic levels of organisms within an ecosystemPractical 11-14, 14-16Practical 7-114.7.44.7.2describe pyramids of biomass and explain, with examples, how biomass is lost between the different trophic levelsPractical 14-16, post 164.7.4Biodiversitydescribe how to carry out a field investigation into the distribution and abundance of organisms in an ecosystem and explain how to determine their numbers in a given area Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Practical Post 16Practical 14-16Resource 14-16, post 164.7.24.7.24.4.2describe both positive and negative human interactions within ecosystems and explain their impact on biodiversityResource Post 16Practical 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, post 16Resource 14-16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource 14-164.7.34.7.34.4.14.4.2explain some of the benefits and challenges of maintaining local and global biodiversity.Practical 14-16Resource post 16Resource 11-144.7.34.7.34.4.14.4.2Some of the biological challenges of increasing food yields using fewer resourcesdescribe some of the biological factors affecting levels of food security including increasing human population, changing diets in wealthier populations, new pests and pathogens, environmental change, sustainability and cost of agricultural inputsResource 4-7, 7-11 Video clip 11-14, 14-16, post 16 Resource post 16Resource 14-164.7.54.7.34.4.2describe and explain some possible biotechnological and agricultural solutions, including genetic modification, to the demands of the growing human population.Video clip 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video clip 14-16, post 16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource 14-16, post 16Practical post 16Resource 14-16, post 16Practical post 16Resource post 16Practical post 16Resource 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, post 16Video clip 14-16, post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16Practical 14-16, post 16Video clip 14-16, post 16Resource 14-164.7.5Inheritance, variation and evolutionReproductionexplain some of the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction in a range of organisms.Resource 7-11, 11-14 Resource 7-11, 11-14Practical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource 7-11, 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource 7-11, 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource 7-11, 11-14Resource 7-11, 11-14Practical post 16Practical post 16Practical 14-16, post 16Resource 14-164.6.14.6.1The genome and gene expressionexplain the following terms: gamete, chromosome, gene, allele/ variant, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype and phenotypeVideo clip 14-16, post 16Practical post 164.6.14.6.14.4.3describe simply how the genome, and its interaction with the environment, influence the development of the phenotype of an organismPractical 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource post 164.6.14.6.24.6.14.6.24.4.3Inheritanceexplain single gene inheritancePractical post 16Video clip 14-16, post 164.6.14.6.14.4.3predict the results of single gene crossesPractical post 164.6.14.6.1describe the development of our understanding of genetics including the work of MendelVideo clip 14-16, post 16Video clip 14-16, post 164.6.14.6.3Variation and evolutionexplain how evolution occurs through natural selection of variants that give rise to phenotypes best suited to their environmentPractical 11-14, 14-16, post 164.6.24.6.24.4.4describe the impact of developments in biology on classification systemsPractical 14-16, post 16Video clip 11-14, 14-16, post 16Resource post 164.6.24.6.44.6.44.4.4describe the work of Darwin and Wallace in the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection and explain the impact of these ideas on modern biology.Video clip 11-14, 14-164.6.3Selective breeding and gene technologyexplain the impact of the selective breeding of food plants and domesticated animalsPractical 14-16, post 16 4.6.24.6.24.4.4describe genetic engineering as a process which involves modifying the genome of an organism to introduce desirable characteristicsResource 14-16, post 16Practical 14-16, post 164.6.24.6.24.4.4explain some of the possible benefits and risks, including practical and ethical considerations, of using gene technology in modern agriculture and medicine.Video clip 11-14, 14-16, post 16Video clip 14-16, post 16Resource 14-16, post 16Resource post 164.6.24.6.24.4.4 ................
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