SCIENCE AND SOCIAL STUDIES

GED as Project

Pathways to Passing the GED

?SCIENCE Volume 5 AND

? Volume 5 : Science and Social Studies

GED as Project

Pathways to Passing the GED

May 2004 Virginia Literacy Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University

1015 West Main Street P.O. Box 842020

Richmond, Virginia 23284-2020 (800) 237-0178 or (804) 828-6521

Funded by Virginia Department of Education

? The Virginia Department of Education. The Virginia Department of Education does not unlawfully discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, disabilities, or national origin in employment or in its educational programs and activities.

GED as Project: Pathways to Passing the GED was developed and written by the GED as Project Team and special consultants.

Project Team ? Barbara E. Gibson ? Principal Investigator ? Marcia Phillips ? Project Coordinator ? Susan Holt ? Instruction ? Randall Stamper ? Editorial Assistant ? John Vaughan ? Technology

Special Consultants ? Gene and Mary Boteler, social studies teachers in Montgomery County, Maryland, and consultants to the GED Testing Service ? Diane Foucar-Szocki, Ed D, Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Adult Education/Human Resource Development Undergraduate and Graduate Degree Program in the College of Education at James Madison University ? Suzanne Kirk, Liaison for Statewide Initiatives with the Science Museum of Virginia ? Eric M. Rhoades, Director of Science Education at the Virginia Department of Education ? McCabe/Pillow Graphic Arts Studio ? Design

Acknowledgements ? Photo in IA 3-2 reprinted by arrangement with Culver Pictures, Inc.

Table of Contents

Section 1 ? Introduction: Social Studies and Science and the GED 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Section 2 ? Learning Project: GED Science and You Inquiry Activity #1: Explore Your Experiences with Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Inquiry Activity #2: Developing Your Science Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Section 3 ? Learning Project: GED Social Studies and You Inquiry Activity #1: Explore Your Experiences with Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Inquiry Activity #2: Developing Your Social Studies Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Section 4 ? Creating Your Own Inquiry Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Learning Project 1 ? Understanding Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Inquiry Activity 1-1: Reading Bar Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Inquiry Activity 1-2: Gathering Information from Bar Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Inquiry Activity 1-3: Interpreting Line Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Inquiry Activity 1-4: Recognizing Points on a Time Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Learning Project 2 ? Reading Charts and Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Inquiry Activity 2-1: Reading Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Inquiry Activity 2-2: Drawing Conclusions from Information on a Chart . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Inquiry Activity 2-3: Recognizing the Purpose of Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Inquiry Activity 2-4: Answering Questions that Require Content Knowledge . . . . . . . . . .51

Learning Project 3 ? Understanding Maps and Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Inquiry Activity 3-1: Reading Maps to Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Inquiry Activity 3-2: Making Inferences from Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Inquiry Activity 3-3: Analyzing Information from a Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Inquiry Activity 3-4: Using Text and Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Inquiry Activity 3-5: Drawing Conclusions from Pictures and Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Learning Project 4 ? Reading a Long Passage: Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Inquiry Activity 4-1: Finding Supporting Details in the Passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Inquiry Activity 4-2: Bringing Knowledge from Outside the Passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Inquiry Activity 4-3: Building on the Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Learning Project 5 ? Reading a Long Passage: Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Inquiry Activity 5-1: Recognizing Supporting Details from Your Reading . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Inquiry Activity 5-2: Drawing Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Inquiry Activity 5-3: Reaching a Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Learning Project 6 ? Finding Details Supported by the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Inquiry Activity 6-1: Finding Supporting Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Inquiry Activity 6-2: Recognizing Supporting Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Learning Project 7 ? Drawing Conclusions from the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Inquiry Activity 7-1: Deriving a Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Inquiry Activity 7-2: Combining Information to Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Learning Project 8 ? Using Your Skills to Answer Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Inquiry Activity 8-1: Finding the Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Inquiry Activity 8-2: Solving the Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Learning Project 9 ? Recognizing Types of Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Inquiry Activity 9-1: Identifying the Types of Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Inquiry Activity 9-2: Answering Different Types of Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Appendix A ? Helpful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Appendix B ? Resources for Learning Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 Appendix C ? Concept Maps and Graphic Organizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Appendix D ? Social Studies Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Appendix E ? Science Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

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