Genetics Review Sheet - Livingston Public Schools



Genetics Review Sheet

Page 1

DESCRIBE the difference between a trait and the form of a trait.

DESCRIBE the difference between a gene and the nucleotide sequence or allele at the gene loci.

How are traits formed? What does the cell produce from the nucleotide sequence?

What are the three different types of traits? Give examples of each.

Page 2

What are the gametes in a flower called?

What is the difference between self pollination and cross pollination?

Page 3&4

EXPLAIN how the two homologs in a homologous pair of chromosomes are the same and how they are different.

DESCRIBE Mendel’s cross in which he used purebred purple and white flowered pea plants as the P1 generation.

DESCRIBE how the white form of flower color was lost in the F1 generation and how it was seen again in the F2 generation.

Identify the following plants as pure breeding or hybrid: NN, Nn, nn, YYCC, YyCc, yycc

Page 5&6

What are the Laws of Dominance and Recessiveness, the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment?

What is the Product Rule?

What is the probability that any single allele in a gene pair will end up in a gamete?

What is the probability that any two alleles from different gene pairs will end up in a gamete?

What is the probability that your first child will be a male?

What is the probability that you will have three baby girls in a row?

Page 7

What are the six possible monohybrid crosses? Know the genotypic and phenotypic ratios that result from each cross. Be able to work a Punnett square for each. Use the FOIL method to save time.

1) BB x BB 3) BB x bb 5) Bb x BB

2) bb x bb 4) Bb x Bb 6) Bb x bb

Which of the crosses above use only pure bred parents? 3 answers

Which of the above crosses is considered the hybrid or heterozygous cross?

Know the 3 rules of solving monohybrid crosses.

Page 8

What do the letters on the sides of the Punnett square stand for? The letters in the center of a square?

Do Punnett squares determine the exact outcome of a genetic cross?

Page 9

EXPLAIN what codominance is and give an example.

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Page 10

EXPLAIN what incomplete dominance is and give an example.

Be able to determine the blood type of offspring given the blood types of the parents.

Use a Punnett Square or the FOIL method to determine if parents with type A and Type B blood can have a child with type O blood.

Be able to determine the genotypes of offspring in a cross where a trait is sex-linked.

Page 11

What does polygenic mean?

Building Pedigrees

Describe how a Pedigree Chart might be used to study a genetic trait.

Various Pages:

Vocabulary:

gene

gene pair

homologous chromosome

allele

homozygous

heterozygous

genotype

phenotype

dominant allele or trait

recessive allele or trait

homozygous dominant

homozygous recessive

?heterozygous recessive? prediction and probability

zygote

fertilization

Punnett square

FOIL

monohybrid cross

dihybrid cross

gamete

trait

form of a trait

nucleotide sequence

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