Genetics Vocabulary

Genetics Vocabulary

(Memorize These Key Terms)

Gene

A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Located on the chromosome.

Chromosome

Structures that carry the genetic information in the form of DNA molecules.

Allele

One of the forms of a gene that controls a particular trait. Most traits are determined by 2

alleles, 1 from each parent

Trait

A characteristic of a species determined by specific genes.

Phenotype

The effect caused by a particular set of genes. What is physically seen.

Genotype

The genes responsible for a specific trait. What you cannot see.

Dominant

A gene that always shows itself. The presence of this type of gene will mask the other

gene in the allele.

Recessive

The phenotype of this gene is only present when the dominant gene in the allele is

absent.

Homozygous/Purebred

When the 2 genes in a pair are identical

Heterozygous/Hybrid

When the 2 genes in a pair are different

Complete Dominance

Dominant gene is expressed, unless not present, then recessive gene is expressed

Incomplete Dominance

Genes produce a trait somewhere in between the traits of the 2 parents

Co-Dominance

2 dominant traits are present

Punnett Square

A chart that predicts the chances of offspring inheriting a particular trait from their

parents

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