Grade 9 (06/05/2020) Term 2 - Nomaswazionline

[Pages:4]Grade 9 (06/05/2020)

Term 2

Development

Development geography is the study of access to resources and how people lived. Development means becoming better, stronger and more advanced or it can be defined as an

improvement in the factors that affect a person's quality of life and standards of living e.g income diet, housing, health care, sanitation and education Developed countries are countries that have achieved a high level of development such as USA, Britain etc. Developing countries are those countries with low level of development such as Sudan, Ethiopia etc.

Three aspects of Development

-there are three aspects of development i.e. economic, social and environmental aspect .

1) Economic aspect

Economic aspect refers to how wealthy a person or a country is. Per capita income is one of the indicators of economic development. Per capita income means the average amount of money that a person earns per year A country's economy refers to all the activities that use people and resources to produce

wealthy When a person or a family increase their income and are able to buy goods and services, they

are said to have benefited from development With increasing wealthy, a country can improve infrastructure such as roads, housing, water and

electricity supply. Developing countries/ less developed/ poor countries/ global south earn most of their income

from primary activities such as farming, fishing, forestry etc. Developed countries , more developed, Global North earn most of their income from secondary

activities ( manufacturing or tertiary activities)

2) Social aspect

Indicators of social aspect of development include quality of life and access to services such as education.

Social development also known as human development is about the welfare of people-their healthy, comfort, happiness and prosperity.

Social development include: Improving education, training, health care and housing Ensuring women and children are treated equally

 Providing social security e.g. pension for the elderly, disability grants and needs for the poor

Protecting human rights, freedom, safety and security

3) Environmental aspect

The main environmental aspect of development is how sustainable the level of development in a country.

Environmentally sustainable development causes as little long term damage to the environment.

Meaningful development considers the impact on the environment and takes place without damaging the natural environment.

Environmental development requires that we live within Earth's means.

Ways of measuring development

Development is measured using economic, social or environmental factors.

1) Measuring economic aspect of development

a) Gross domestic product is the total value of all the goods and services produced by a country in one year.

b) Gross domestic product per capita (GDP/Capita)

It measures the total amount of goods and services produced in a country in a year divided by the number of people in the country.

Per capita means per son GDP and GDP/capita are useful measures when comparing countries income, individual's

incomes and level of development.

2) Measuring social aspect of development

a) Life expectancy

Life expectancy is the number of years the average person can expect to live. Life expectancy is influenced by diet, nutrition, health care, diseases, sanitation and other

factors affecting quality of life. Life expectancy is also influenced by infant mortality People have higher life expectancy in countries where income is higher Developed countries have higher life expectancy while developing countries have lower life

expectancy

b) Literacy levels

Literacy is being able to read and write

 Higher income countries tend to have higher literacy levels

3) Measuring environment aspect of development

a)Urban- rural population

One indicator of a country's level of environmental development is the percentage of the population living in urban areas compared with rural areas.

Countries with higher income tend to have more urbanized population

b) Carbon emissions

Carbon dioxide is emitted into Earth's atmosphere by human activities such as coal, transportation, industry etc.

Countries with higher tend to produce more carbon emissions

The human development index (HDI)

HDI measures well-being and compare the level of development of different countries. HDI combines indicators of development ( healthcare, education and income) The HDI is a number between 0 and 1. An HDI close to 1 indicates a highly developed country

where the average person enjoys a high standard of living. A lower HDI closer to zero indicates a less developed country where the average quality of life is

low

Activity 1

DEVELOPMEMT ISSUES

1. Study the statistics and answer the questions below.

Country Canada Britain South Africa Egypt

Literacy 96% 99% 86% 84%

Life expectancy 75 years 81 years 49 years 54 years

Per capita GDP ($) 28 400 235 000 11 000 1808

1.1 write the following in full:

1.1.1 HDI

(2)

1.1.2 GDP

(2)

1.2 Identify two countries on the table ranked as most developed on the HDI?

(2)

1.3 Identify two countries on the table would be ranked as least developed on the HDI?

(2)

1.4 Would you rank Canada above or below South Africa on the HDI? Explain your answer. (4)

1.5 Give one other statistics which is not on the table that could be used as indicator of

development?

(2)

1.6 Why is literacy an indicator of development?

(2)

1.7 What is meant by life expectancy?

(2)

1.8 Why do you think South Africa has a lower rating that Britain?

(2)

1.9 Why do you thing South Africa has the higher raking than Egypt?

(2)

1.10 Using your own, explain the limitations of using GDP per capita?

(3)

Total (25)

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download