Geography Grade 4 - CNX

[Pages:98]Geography Grade 4

By: Siyavula Uploaders

Geography Grade 4

By: Siyavula Uploaders

Online: < >

CONNEXIONS

Rice University, Houston, Texas

This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by Siyavula Uploaders. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (). Collection structure revised: September 17, 2009 PDF generated: October 29, 2012 For copyright and attribution information for the modules contained in this collection, see p. 88.

Table of Contents

1 Term 1 1.1 Main and Intermediate Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 True North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 The Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.4 Symbols and Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.5 Map Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.6 A grid network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.7 Large scale maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2 Term 2 2.1 Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 The establishment of settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3 Urbanisation and Informal Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.4 Land use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.5 Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3 Term 3 3.1 What are resources? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.2 Water in our houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.3 Water supply and water conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.4 What is meant by services? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3.5 Educational, Trade and Transport Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.6 Municipal Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.7 Waste removal and recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

4 Term 4 4.1 The story of food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.2 Commercial and subsistence farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 4.3 Stock farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.4 Poultry farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.5 Food crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.6 The shing industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.7 Access to food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Attributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

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Chapter 1

Term 1

1.1 Main and Intermediate Directions1

1.1.1 GEOGRAPHY 1.1.2 Grade 4 1.1.3 MAP WORK 1.1.4 Module 1 1.1.5 MAIN DIRECTIONS AND INTERMEDIATE DIRECTIONS

Direction It is important for every person to know in what direction he is moving. Just think of what the pilot of

an aeroplane, a seafarer or a hiker in the mountains would do if they could not determine direction. Yes, they would all get lost and end up in the wrong places.

1.1.5.1 1.Main directions 1.1.5.2 Activity 1 1.1.5.3 To determine main directions [LO 1.3]

Today we are going to do FIELDWORK outside the classroom. We are going to the school's sports eld as a class, and we are going to decide together where the sun rose today.

Outside (early morning): Stretch both arms sideways. Now everybody turn so that your RIGHT HAND points in the direction where the sun ROSE.

1. What do you think this direction is called? 2. The direction on your LEFT is called WEST. 3. But there are two other important directions to nd if you stand like that: The direction IN WHICH you are FACING is NORTH, and the direction BEHIND you is SOUTH.

1.1.5.4 Activity 2 1.1.5.5 To nd a place by means of directions [LO 1.4] 1.1.5.6 To the educator

Identify points A/B/C/D on the playground. 1 This content is available online at .

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CHAPTER 1. TERM 1

Hide prizes at the end of each group's treasure hunt. The eld must be prepared beforehand. Divide your class into four groups. Each group starts at a point indicated beforehand and searches for their treasure by following the required route.

Group 1 1. Go to point A. 2. Determine NORTH. 3. Take 14 steps WEST. 4. Take 2 steps SOUTH. 5. Take 20 steps EAST, and...

Group 3 1. Go to point C. 2. Determine NORTH. 3. Take 10 steps NORTH. 4. Take 12 steps EAST.

5. Take 3 steps NORTH, and . . .

Table 1.1

Group 2 1. Go to point B. 2. Determine NORTH. 3. Take 3 steps EAST. 4. Take 10 steps SOUTH. 5. Take 12 steps WEST, and...

Group 4 1. Go to point D. 2. Determine NORTH. 3. Take 10 steps NORTH. 4. Take 4 steps EAST. 5. Take 4 steps WEST. 6. Take 12 steps NORTH, and...

Table 1.2

But we have a problem! If you want to travel from Johannesburg to Cape Town, you do not travel either south or west, but somewhere in between the two directions. We call this direction SOUTHWEST.

1.1.5.7 2.Intermediate directions 1.1.5.8 Activity 3 1.1.5.9 To determine intermediate directions [LO 1.4]

Between the four main directions we must therefore identify four additional or intermediate directions: Now complete the following:

1. Between South and East we have:. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 2. Between North and West we have:. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... 3. Between South and West we have:. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ...

First mentioning North or South and then adding the other direction therefore give the names of the intermediate directions.

1.1.5.10 Activity 4 1.1.5.11 To ll in intermediate directions on a wind rose [LO 1.4]

? Your educator will hand out a sketch of a wind rose on which North, South, West and East are

indicated. Fill in all the intermediate directions.

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