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-5715074041000People inhabited Georgia long before its official “founding” on February 12, 1733. The land that became our state was occupied by several different groups for over 12,000 years. There are four Prehistoric Native American cultures found in Georgia.PALEOThe Paleo Indians were the first human beings in Georgia. There is evidence that they were in the state as early as 13,250 years ago, and they are often dated from 12,000-8,000 BCE. They were nomadic (no permanent settlement) hunters and gatherers who followed large game such as mastodons and giant bison. Once these large animals (often called “Megafauna”) disappeared, the Paleo Indians began hunting smaller game, such as deer. The primary weapon they used was spears made of wood and stone or flint. These spear points are often called “Clovis” points after the town in New Mexico where they were initially discovered. Paleo homes were made out of animal skins, which allowed the Paleo Indians to easily move from place to place as they hunted. Artifacts produced by this group have been found throughout all five regions of Georgia. The world Paleo means very old.ARCHAIC200025091503500The second prehistoric culture who lived in the state were the Archaic Indians (8,000 BCE- 1,000 BCE). This group descended from of the Paleo Indians, and they developed new technological tools due to their changing environment. The Archaic Indians were also nomadic, but they made several technological advancements to improve hunting after the large game disappeared. One evolved tool, the atlatl, allowed spears to be thrown at a high rate of speed. In addition, they invented other tools such as the grooved axe and pottery. The Archaic people also made hooks and nets for fishing. The word Archaic means old.WOODLAND3114675635000The third prehistoric Native American culture was the Woodland Indians (1000 BCE-750 CE). This culture is also credited for technological advancements, including the use of the bow and arrow for hunting, and pottery for storage. This group is credited for being the first to rely on horticulture and farming as a major source of food. The woodland depended on corn. The Woodland Indians began to live in small villages with homes made of wood, leaves, and bark. The Woodland also built mounds to bury their people and these mounds were used for religious ceremonies. MISSISSIPPIANThe last Prehistoric Native American culture was the Mississippian Indians (800 CE-1600 CE). Used the bow and arrow and also war clubs. This group is considered to be the most “complex” prehistoric culture in Georgia. They were large scale farmers and mound builders who traded extensively throughout North America. The Mississippian society was organized as a “chiefdom” society, or a structured society with a small number of “elites” and the majority who were “commoners.” The “chief” held almost all of the power in the village. The people of the period lived in large “mound towns.”23241001206500This group was the first to encounter Europeans, such as Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto, whose army starved thousands of Mississippian Indians, and killed many others outright. However, this culture ultimately ended due to the impact of diseases that were brought to the region by the Europeans. Some experts argue that another factor for the end of the Mississippian Indians was a desire by these peoples to be closer to European centers for trade which broke up large villages. Remnants of the Mississippian Indian tribes went on to form modern tribes such as the Creek and Cherokee. Name of Culture in OrderInvented Weapons and tools usedFill in the chart belowWhy were the Paleo people nomadic? ___________________________Where in Georgia have Paleo artifacts been found? ________________Which group evolved from the Paleo and improved hunting and started fishing? __________________________________________________Which culture was the first to depend on farming for food? What was their main crop? ____________________________________________The Woodland were the first people to build__________________, places for their society members who have passed away as well as their cherished belongings.Which group was the most complex and traded extensively throughout North America?____________________________________________The ______________________culture improved upon the Woodland farming methods. This prehistoric culture encountered the Europeans. _______________What are the 2 reasons for the Mississippian disappearance? _______________________________________________________________________________________________The creek and Cherokee people are direct decedents of the ___________________ culture. ................
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