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3499129-423545The End OF WWII and the Cold WarThe Battle of BerlinDue to poor ___________ of the German forces (many made by Hitler), and the overwhelming pressure of the ________ Force, the German army was pushed back into the Heart of ___________The final battle in the War was a _____ offensive on Berlin. In January, 1945, Soviet troops were pushing German troops back nearly _____ kilometers per day. By the time they reached ___________, the last push to capture the _______________ was April 20, 1945_____________ Soviet troops and _____________ tanks/artillery were used to break “the Gates of Berlin” Berlin would be encircled, causing German forces to enlist all ____________________. LosingAfter realizing the impending doom, on April 20, 1945 it is said Hitler went into a tearful rage, declaring that the war was lost; he blamed the generals and announced that he would stay in Berlin until the end and then kill himself.he wished to save himself from the fate that Mussolini faced in ItalySurrender30518105895747_____________ troops would surrender on the Western Front in April; _____________ on the Eastern Front Captured German soldiers were declassified as Prisoners of War (POW) to Disarmed Enemy Forces, which lessened the required careThousands of German soldiers would die of _____________, ___________ and _____________Berlin surrendered on May 2, 1945; May 8, _______ (Victory in Europe) _______, with the unconditional _____________ of German forces. In the terms of surrender: "The UK, US and Soviet Union shall possess supreme authority with?respect to Germany. In the exercise of such authority they will take such steps, including the complete dismemberment of Germany, as they deem requisite for future peace and security.“Allies would plan post war _________________ in Germany and _____________ territory that had been gained and lostGermany would be _____________ between _____________ (USA and Allies; with a _____________ economy) and _____________ (Soviet; with a Marxist/_____________ economy/government)_____________ would also be divided. Death of the DictatorsApril 27, 1945, allied forces close in on Milan and Italian Partisans capture Benito _____________ (dictator of Italy) April 28, Mussolini is _____________ and taken to Milan to be hung at the Piazzale Leroto (City square)April 30, 1945, realizing that all was lost and not wishing to suffer Mussolini's fate, Hitler and his partner (Eva Braun) supposedly committed suicide by cyanide at his “Fuhrerbunker” in Berlin.His wishes were to be doused in petrol and burned after his suicideConsider the Following….Conspiracy theories aside, why would Hitler kill himself?Why would he want his body burned after his suicide?Why wouldn’t he submit to being captured instead?4597400621093500Nuclear Armament_____________ and the USA were also still fighting in the _____________The War I the Pacific would continue past the surrender of _____________By August 1945, Japan had been pushed far back from its _____________ territory in Southeast Asia, Midway, etc. The US was planning the final _____________On August 6, 1945, the US Airforce would drop an Atomic Bomb (called “_____________”) was dropped on the city, _____________On August 9, 1945, they dropped “_____________” on the city _____________Initial deaths were _____________; deaths related to the bomb _____________ _____________ would be nearly the same number. This is the _____________, and _____________ use of nuclear weapons in human history, and forever changed global _____________Japan formally _____________ on August 15, 1945Consider the Following….Did the US have any other options other than dropping the Atomic Bomb?What are the ethics of unleashing this weapon?How has that event shaped our modern World?The Cold War 1945-1991Following WWII the _____________ and the _____________ emerge as the 2 _____________ on the globe, and would continue to be such until of the fall of the Soviet Union in _____________Each Power ___________ the other, and had been allies only due to the common ______Even before the fall of Germany they were racing each other to get to Berlin because of their lack of trust of the other side, and wanting to _____________ as much of conquered Germany as possible for _____________What was the Cold War?The Cold War was a time after WWII when the USA and the Soviet Union were _______ for world _____________690880624332000It was a battle of _____________ played out through _____________ and _____________It was characterized by a _____________ arms race between the two Super Powers and involvement (sometimes direct, sometimes indirect) in many conflicts with the threat of _____________ _____________ through nuclear warfare __________________Pre Cold War DistrustUSCommunism _____________ of Democracy/Freedom/CapitalismStalin’s _____________Non-Aggression _____________USSR emphasis on _____________ communismUSSRUS attempted to undo __________________________ attack on Western Front during WWIIBelieves _____________ will come from worldwide communism37374073017317AlliancesNATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization_____________, _____________, _____________, West _____________CAPITALISM4229735480961700Warsaw Pact pro _____________ countries – _____________, and all countries controlled by the _____________.COMMUNISMThe Ideological StruggleSoviet & Eastern Bloc (Iron Curtain)GOAL _____________ world-wide CommunismUS & the Western DemocraciesGOAL “____________________” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.Methodologies_____________ [KGB vs. CIA]_____________ [nuclear escalation]Ideological Competition for the _____________ and _____________ of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “___________ _______________”________________________ of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]United States 1946Churchill Warns of an “___________ _______________” in EuropeStalin calls speech an _____________ of _____________, beginning of the Cold WarThe Road to the Iron Curtain_____________ reached Berlin first (Hitler found dead in bunker—a suicide)Victory in Europe (_____________) proclaimed May 8, 1945War in Europe finally over after nearly six years, both Europe and Asia in ruinsTens of millions dead; heaviest _____________ in Eastern EuropeGermany, Japan, and China had also suffered greatlyPhysical _________________; cities, villages, and farms destroyedNational economies near _____________Millions _____________53878744459706former prisoners of war, survivors of concentration camps, refugees of fighting and of national border changesAtlantic Charter (1941)Joint _____________ of Churchill and RooseveltOutlined purpose of war (to provide _____________ from _________)Sought no _____________ gainsAll nations could _____________ their own governmentWork for mutual _____________Tehran Conference (1943)December 1943 Big 3- Roosevelt, Churchill, and StalinAgreed on schedule for _____________ invasionWould work together in _____________ after the war (______________________ was tentatively agreed on)4751171764072600Yalta Conference 1945Big 3 – Roosevelt, Churchill, StalinAllies were on the brink of _____________Goal: agreement on _____________ EuropeGermany Split into 4 _____________ _____________Stalin got his way with Eastern Europe because the Soviet Union had _____________ terribly (20 million died)Agreement to create _____________________4260215687857Potsdam- 1945Big 3 – Truman, Churchill / Atlee, StalinMeeting more _____________ (Truman’s style, plus knowledge of _____________)Presses Stalin for free _____________ in Eastern EuropeDisagreements over “___________ of ____________”Stalin has less bargaining power.Stalin later gives speech saying Capitalism and Communism _____________ exist in same _______Cold War begins38950905889625003675380303847500-142875303867900The “Iron Curtain”Potsdam conference ended with little _____________ over key _____________Stalin continued to influence _____________ European nations and by 1946 Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania all had _____________ governments.Churchill described it as an _____________ -_____________, the name stuckWhat Are Capitalism & Communism?Both are _____________ (a set of _____________)Both talk about the _____________ and how the economy should runCapitalism:_____________ government involvement in the economyLet people _____________ what to do with their moneyINDIVIDUAL FREEDOM IS THE FOCUSCommunism:_____________ of government involvement in the economyGovernment _____________ what is best for everybodyEQUALITY IS THE FOCUSEmerging Super PowersWhat happened to Britain & France?Why was their tension between the USA and the USSR? Weren’t they friends and allies before?Truman DoctrineThe USA was prepared to send _____________, _____________ and _____________ to any country which was, in the American view, threatened by a Communist _____________Essentially it helped countries _____________ communism.Marshall PlanUSA’s plan to send _____________, _____________, _____________ to Europe to help them AND to keep them from turning _____________Helped countries ____________________ so they won’t go redIs this generous or self-interest?6009817-33934400EmbargoesRefusing to _____________ or _____________ countries in order to punish them384898990307200Why all the talk about the Berlin Wall?Berlin is Germany’s _____________ cityThe ________ built the wall to keep people from ____________ to the American sector.1961Started as a barbed wire _____________ and evolved into the _____________ structure we know today.BlockadeBy 1946, Britain, France, & the USA _____________ their zones in Germany to form West GermanyTheir goal was to help Germany _____________ (not too quickly!) In response Stalin _____________ Berlin He did not like what the _____________ countries were doing and he wanted to _____________ them out of BerlinWhat would you do?June 1948Allies _____________ supplies into _____________ BerlinNo _____________ were fired, but planes flew for _____________ supplying West BerlinEventually the USSR _____________Cold War Conflicts_____________ War (1950-1953)_____________ Missile Crisis (1962)_____________ War (1955-1975)_____________ (1979-1989)Social EffectsHippiesBoycotts and protestsCivil rights, and equality? ................
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