World History With Mr. C.
Vocabulary Chapters 27 & 28
Pacifism
Militarism
Entente
Ultimatum
Mobilize
Neutrality
Stalemate
No man’s land
Zeppelin
U-boat
Convoy
Total war
Conscription
Propaganda
Atrocity
Self-determination
Armistice
Pandemic
Reparations
Collective security
Mandate
Soviet
Command economy
Totalitarian state
Communist party pg.713
World War I
Setting the Stage
*Aggressive Nationalism
German, new ______________ and military might
French, wants to be European leader again
Upset over lose in Franco-__________________ war
_______________, Pan-Slavism
Supports ____________________
*Economic Rivalries
Britain ___________________ by Germany’s industrial production
Germany upset, feels that they “get no _________________”
Setting the Stage
*Imperialism
Germany and France fight over ______________, almost went to war
_________________ in France drawing closer to Britain
*Militarism “the glorification of the military”
Social __________________
Romantic
*_____________ Race
In all areas
Especially fierce between ___________________ and Britain (naval)
It was Admiral, the First Sea Lord, was the driving-force behind the development of the Dreadnought that was built at Portsmouth Dockyar between October 1905 and December 1906. The Dreadnought was the most heavily-armed ship in history. She had ten 12-inch guns (305 mm), whereas the previous record was four 12-inch guns. The gun turrets were situated higher than user and so facilitated more accurate long-distance fire. In addition to her 12-inch guns, the Dreadnought also had twenty-four 3-inch guns (76 mm) and five torpedo tubes below water. In the waterline section of her hull, the Dreadnought was armoured by plates 28 cm thick. The Dreadnought was the first major warship driven solely by steam turbines, making her faster than any other warship. A total of 526 feet long (160.1 metres) the Dreadnought had a crew of over 800 men.
By 1914 the British Navy had nineteen Dreadnoughts (thirteen under construction), compared with Germany's thirteen (seven under construction). Other fleets with Dreadnoughts at sea by 1914 were: United States (8), France (8), Japan (4), Austria-Hungary (2) and Italy (1).
*Alliances
Fear and distrust of each other caused countries form treaties for ___________ protection.
*Central Powers
___________ Germany Austria/Hungry and Russia
1 year later _________________ joins
Kaiser William dropped Russia
______________ weak and later formed a secret bargain with Britain
1914 _________________ Empire joined.
*The Spark
June 28th 1914 Austrian heir Francis _______________ went to Sarajevo
Princip and 6 others plan to kill him, members of “Unity or Death” know as “*___________________”
Austria delivers an “Ultimatum” to Serbia
July 28th 1914 ________________ declares war on Serbia.
The Fuse Is Lit
Germany _________________ Austria
Serbia is mostly Slavs
Asked Russia “the champion of ________________ nations” for help
________________ II telegraphed Kaiser William II
Wanted Austria to soften it’s stand toward Serbia
William said _______!!!
The Boom
Russia began to “mobilize” it’s ________________ forces
_____________ responded by declaring war on Russia.
Russia asks for help from _______________.
Germany tells France to stay __________________.
France says NO!!!
Germany declares _________ on France.
Summary
Write a minimum of four sentences that summarize your notes to this point.
*Schlieffen Plan
Russia ___________ to mobilize
Attack ____________ through Belgium and get to Paris before the Russian’s could mobilize.
Britain and ____________ and Italy were neutral up to this point.
*The Fizzle
Germany attacks France through Belgium.
Britain and Belgium have an __________________.
Britain _______________ the war
Russia mobilizes _________________ than Germany thought
Germany moves troops to ______________ front.
________________ the Western front.
British troops shore up _______________ lines.
The assault stalls and both sides dig in for the winter.
Four years later they are still in the trenches.
Trench Warfare
Map of the Trenches
Photos from the Trenches
Gas Warfare
1. Lacrimators: (_______ irritants and "tear gases")
2. Sternutators: (nasal irritants, "_______________ gases," "vomiting gases“ )
3. Lung irritants: (suffocants, respiratory irritants)
4. Vesicants (___________ irritants, escharotics)
New Weapons
Daily Rations
British
20 oz. Fresh or ___________ meat, or 16 oz. preserved or salt meat
20 oz. ___________, or 16 oz. biscuit or flour
4 oz. Bacon, 3 oz. Cheese, 5/8 oz. Tea, 4 oz. Jam, 3oz. Sugar, 1/2 oz. Salt, 1/36 oz. Pepper, 1/20 oz. mustard
8 oz. fresh or 2 oz. dried vegetables, 1/10 gal. lime juice (for scurvy)
1/2 gal rum (at discretion of commanding general)
20 oz. tobacco per ____________
German
26 1/2 oz. bread or 17 1/2 oz. field biscuit, or 14 oz. egg biscuit
____ oz. fresh or frozen meat, or 7 oz. preserved meat
53 oz. potatoes, or 4 1/2 oz. Vegetables
9/10 oz. ___________, or 1/10 oz. Tea
7/10 oz. Sugar, 9/10 oz. salt
2 cigars and 2 ______________, or 1 oz. pipe tobacco, or 9/10 oz. plug tobacco, or 1/5 oz. Snuff
.17 pint spirits or .44 pint wine or .88 pint beer
Stalemate = *Total War
Economic effects:
Raised __________, borrowed money, rationed food and other products, set prices and forbid strikes
_______________
Controlling public opinion
Women
“Home Front” took over the ______________ vacated by the men on the front.
Propaganda Posters
from the United States
After 3 years, Morale Begins Collapsing….*Why?
• By 1917 troops are still in the same ______________ as in 1914.
• The warring ________________ are on the verge of bankruptcy.
• Troops mutinied
• _____________ is scarce
• The generals have ___________ to achieve the promised victories.
Summary
Write a minimum of four sentences that summarize your notes to this point.
Revolution in Russia
__________ Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Lovsk
*Germany could concentrate on the ______________ Front.
1st ________________ overthrew the Czar, on February 23 to 27, 1917
2nd revolution called the Bolshevik, or October, __________________.
*United States enters the war
• Cultural ties
• Unrestricted _______________ attacks, costs US lives.
• _______________ note
• On 7th May 1915 the _________________ is hit by U-20
• 8 minutes later 1201 people sink with her
The Zimmerman Note
"On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare ____________. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America.
If this attempt is not successful, we propose an _________ on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to ______________ the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement.
You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan.
Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless ___________ warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months.
Zimmerman" (Sent January 19, 1917)
April 1917 The United States Declares War
• “To make the world safe for _______________”
• “The war to end all __________”
• Early in __________
• 2,000,000 US troops shore up British and French lines.
• In 1917 Wilson proclaimed American _______________ into World War I, “a crusade to make the world safe for democracy."
Summary
Write a minimum of four sentences that summarize your notes to this point.
“Over There”
War Ends 1918
• March Germany _______________
• July Allies counter attack driving ___________ back across Belgium
• September German generals tell the Kaiser that the war cannot be ________.
• October German people revolt and form a new _______________.
• October The people of Austria-Hungary _____________, collapsing the empire.
• Armistice signed 11/11/18
*Paris Peace Conference
• U.S. Wanted self determination, ____________________ of Nations
• Britain, the people wanted ______________ treatment for Germany
• French, wanted to weaken Germany so that it could not ________________ France again.
• Italy upset
*The Treaty of Versailles
June 1919
Reduce army to _________________
Reduce navy to 6 warships and no subs.
Destroy all of its ________ force.
Give ___________ to Belgium, France, Denmark and Poland
Hand over all its colonies.
Pay ________________________ amounting to 6,600,000,000 Pounds.
Put no soldiers within 30 miles of the ____________ bank of the Rhine River.
Accept all the ____________ for the war.
Other countries were formed
Serbia and Bosnia became ___________________.
Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, ______________ and Finland were formed from land lost by Russia.
Czechoslovakia and Hungary were formed out of the _____________-Hungarian Empire.
*Effects of WWI
Governmental ___________________
Socialistic ideas spread
Revolution was in the air
A harsh Peace
Humiliating treaty created feeling of __________________
________________ Change
Devastated Europe financially and physically
________________ knew no bounds
Boosted U.S. (The Roaring 20’s)
Psychologically
Distrust of ____________________ leaders
The war killed 10 to ____ million people, 1/3 civilians
Grim acceptance of reality replaced the optimistic dreams of the past
Summary
Write a minimum of four sentences that summarize your notes to this point.
Two Revolutions in Russia
1st revolution overthrew the Czar, on February 23 to 27, 1917
Brought on by _________ shortages, battlefield losses and social problems
2nd revolution called the Bolshevik, or October, Revolution.
______________ Socialist group headed by V.I. Lenin
True believer in Marx
Set up a _______________ of the proletariat
After the Bolshevik Revolution
Civil war raged in Russia for three years
Between the Communist ________ Army and the Whites, loyal to the czar
*_________________ unleashed a reign of terror
The Czar and family were shot
Secret _________ formed (Cheka)
War Communism = took over everything
Red Army became an effective _________
From Lenin to Stalin
Joseph Stalin set out to make the ______________ Union into a modern industrial state, bringing all economic and agricultural activity under __________________ control.
In 1934 Stalin launched a reign of terror (Great ________________), at least 4 million people were purged and almost 800,000 were executed.
Life in a Totalitarian State
*Stalin established a _________________ state
Used ______________ police
Propaganda
____________________
Terror
*Powerful new _______________
Communist party members
Industrial managers
_______________ leaders
_________________
Some artists and writers
Summary
Write a minimum of four sentences that summarize your notes to this point.
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