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Name:_______________________________________________Period:__________________Suchopar/Bellisari: Dream TeamAP World491490012954000012954000The World at War:“The Great War”1914-1918And the Crisis of the European Global OrderUnit Essential Question: What is the responsibility of government?Textbook Chapter 24: The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750-1914 (pages 583-585)Textbook Chapter 27: Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing China (639-650)Textbook Chapter 29: Descent into the Abyss: World War I and the Crisis of the European Global Order (pages 693-714)AP World Themes:AP World Themes: Theme 1: Humans and the environmentTheme 2: Cultural Developments and Interactions Theme 3: Governance Theme 4: Economic Systems Theme 5: Social Interactions and Organizations Theme 6: Technology and InnovationAP World Key Concepts: 5.1 Industrialization and Global Capitalism5.2 Imperialism and Nation-State Formation5.3 Nationalism, Revolution and Reform6.1 Science and the Environment6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences6.3 New Conceptualization of Global Economy, Society and CultureAP World Historical Reasoning Skills Targeted:CausationArgumentationWorld War I Vocabulary Allied Powers (Allies): Great Britain, France, Russia, and their allies.Armenian genocide: Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East. Armistice: An agreement to stop fighting. Balkan nationalism: Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to World War I. Black Hand: A secret military society formed by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia, originating in the conspiracy group that assassinated the Serbian royal couple in 1918. It was formed with the aim of uniting all of the territories with a South Slavic majority not ruled by either Serbia or Montenegro. Its inspiration was primarily the unification of Italy (1859-70), and also that of Germany (1871). Casualty: In war, anyone killed, injured, captured, or considered missing in action. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. Clemenceau, Georges: Prime Minister of France known as “The Tiger.” Clemenceau was determined to punish Germany in the Treaty of Versailles. Eastern Front: A stretch of battlefield along the German and Russian border. Most mobile of the fronts established during World War I; after early successes, military defeats led to downfall of the tsarist government in Russia. Ferdinand, Franz: Archduke and the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist leading up to World War I. Fourteen Points: A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I. Gallipoli: Peninsula south of Istanbul; site of decisive 1915 Turkish victory over Australian and New Zealand forces under British command during World War I. Hamid, Abdul: Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908. Imperialism: A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. The goal is to create and empire. Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919: Infected 500 million people across the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and resulted in the death of 50 to 100 million (3%-5% of the world’s population), making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. Jingoism: warlike nationalist sentiments that spread widely among the middle and working classes throughout Europe. Kaiser Wilhelm II: Ruler of Germany who forced Bismarck to resign. He wanted to display Germany’s power to the world. League of Nations: An international association formed after World War I with the goal of keeping peace among nations. Mandate System: Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I; Britain and France assumed control in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922. Militarism: The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war.Nationalism: The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather than to a king or empire. Ottoman Society for Union and Progress: Organization of political agitators in opposition to rule of Abdul Hamid; also called “Young Turks”; desired to restore 1876 constitution. Propaganda: One-sided information designed to persuade.Rationing: The limiting of the amounts of goods people can buy- often imposed by governments during wartime, when goods are in short supply. Sarajevo: Administrative center of the Bosnian province of Austrian empire; assassination there of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 proved to be the spark that started World War I. Reparations: money paid by a defeated nation to compensate for damage or injury during a war. Schlieffen Plan: Germany’s military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia. Self-determination: The freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live. Sykes-Picot Treaty of 1916: A secret agreement between the British and French government, with the assent of Russia, which defined their future spheres of influence and control in southwest Asia in the aftermath of their anticipated victory in the Great War. Divided up Arab provinces of the Ottoman empire outside the Arabian peninsula into areas of British and French control. Stalemate: A situation in which neither side can advance or take any worthwhile action. Tanzimat Reforms: Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style university, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of a new constitution in 1876.The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, that ended Russia’s participation in World War I; Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia’s commitments to the Triple Entente alliance, ceded the Baltic States to Germany, the province of Kars Oblast in the south Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire. It also recognized the independence of the Ukraine. Soviet Russia would pay 6 billion German gold mark in reparations. The Treaty of Versailles: The peace try signed by Germany and the Allied powers after World War I.Total war: Countries devoted all their resources to the war effort. Trench warfare: A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield. Triple Alliance: The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding World War I.Triple Entente: A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.Twenty-One Demands (1915): During the Great War, Japan presented the Chinese government with twenty-one secret demands that would have reduced China to a protectorate of Japan; reflected Japan’s determination to dominate east Asia and served as the basis for future Japanese pressure on China. Ultimatum: A list of demands that, if not met, will lead to serious consequences. Unrestricted submarine warfare: The use of submarines to sink, without warning, any ship (including neutral ships and unarmed passenger lines) found in an enemy’s waters. Western Front: The deadlocked region from Belgium to Switzerland; featured trench warfare and horrendous causalities for all sides in the conflict Wilson, Woodrow: President of the United States of America who was passionate about international peace. He developed the Fourteen Points and the idea for the League of Nations. ................
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