UNIT: Leadership Development



EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW TO PASS DRAFTING I E.O.C (VOCATS)

BY: R. MYERS,

Drafting is for students who want to become Engineers, Architects, Designers, Contractors, Inventors, Real Estate Agents, Developers, Self-Employed, or just want to design and build their own homes and their own wealth. 50% of student’s nine week grades are based on employability skills; comes to class on time, comes to class daily, follows directions, completes assignments, & works the whole period. The other 50% of the nine week grades are based on weekly tests from the State’s EOC/Vocat-testbank items. 80% is the minimum passing grade on the weekly tests. Students scoring less than 80% will retake the test and if they still have not mastered the material, they will receive tutoring during lunch and will hand write the test material.

The final exam counts toward 25% of the student’s overall grade. The final exam is a State EOC/Vocats test. Having good math skills will be a plus, but math can be learned as it applies to Drafting. Willing to follow directions plays a large role in success for any student, and being on time and present everyday goes a long way in any career. You do not need to know how to draw to take Drafting, we can teach you to draw. We start by teaching students to draw a face using math and science (measure), because once you draw a face correctly, everything else is easy. The same technique of drawing measured drawings can be used to draw people, places, or things.

Students that showed an interest in Legos, Kinex, or any design and build toy are usually great candidates for Drafting.

Listed in the following pages are career paths a student can choose in Drafting, and examples of each of the objectives in level one Drafting. Level II, and Level III Drafting concentrate on Architectural Design and Construction. Level I is an overall basic class that is mostly Mechanical Drafting, but prepares a student for both Mechanical or Architectural Drafting classes.

UNIT I: Leadership: Competency: 001.00: Demonstrate basic business meeting skills and goal setting. Objective: 001.01: Demonstrate basic business meeting skills. Introduction: The purpose of this unit is to familiarize students with running a basic business meeting, set personal goals, and identify career goals and opportunities related to engineering and technical graphics.

|LEADERSHIP 4 questions | | | |

|demonstrate basic business meeting skills and goal setting. | |3% |1% |

|Demonstrate basic business meeting skills. | |1% |1% |

|Demonstrate personal and organizational goals. | |1% | |

|Identify career goals and opportunities related to engineering and technical graphics. | |1% | |

UNIT I: Leadership: Competency: 001.00: Demonstrate basic business meeting skills and goal setting.

Objective: 001.02: Establish personal and organizational goals.

Personal career planning process

Self Assessment

Talents – “What do I like to do?”

Skills – “What do I do well?”

Values – “What do I feel strongly about?”

Personality – “Who am I?”

Only YOU can determine the best career path

Career Exploration

Career choices, options, opportunities

Variety of school courses

Career fairs and Job Shadowing

Education, Experience, Certifications

Goal Setting

Short-Term Goals

Generally can be achieved in less than five years

Built around existing knowledge and training

Should be realistic

Long-Term Goals - Project short-term goals into the future

Professionally

Financially

Emotionally and socially

Take Action

Personal action plan

Constantly evaluate action plan

Lifelong Learning

In a world of dynamic change, continued learning is essential

To progress in any career, individuals must keep up with changes and progress

Company-provided courses

Continuing education

Internet courses

Trade journals

Department of Labor classifies occupations into four broad categories

People: Working for the betterment of others: Teachers, social workers, childcare workers, policemen, etc.

Data: Working with numbers, information processing, policies and procedures: Accountants, computer programmers, researchers, data examiners, clerks

Things: Working with tools, equipment and machines: Cooks, air traffic controllers, carpenters, mechanics, electronic technicians, drafters

Ideas: Working with concepts, themes or inventions: Musicians, artists, composers, writers

Drafting is an occupation in the “Things” category: Drafters typically work alone or in small groups: Sharing information is necessary to accomplish tasks

Objective: 001.03Identify career goals and opportunities related to engineering and technical graphics.

Successful designer/drafter

Knowledge

Skills

Characteristics

Education

Drafting Careers

Engineer

Manufacturing

Electrical

Transportation

Fabrication

Construction

Architecture

Public Utilities

State and Local Government

Armed Services

College and Universities

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Term definitions

Career – a series of related jobs built on a foundation of interest, knowledge, training, and experience

Job – work that people do for pay

CAD – Computer-Aided Drafting or Computer-Aided Design

CADD – Computer Aided Design & Drafting

Conceptual Design and Computer Literacy skills are necessary

Prototype – an actual physical model of a product. Rapid prototyping – creates a 3D “print” of a proposed part

Basic Drafting Jobs

Drafter Trainee: Assists with drawing preparation and performs support tasks

Typically requires high school diploma including drafting classes and/or apprenticeships during high school

Junior Drafter: Prepares drawings under direction of drafting technician or senior detailer

Typically requires at least one year of high school drafting and an associate degree in drafting technology

Drafting Technician (Drafter): Prepares drawings with less supervision than a Junior Drafter

Typically requires an associate degree in drafting technology and one year of drafting experience

Design Drafting Technician: Combines design and drafting skills, interpretation of designer’s sketches and engineer’s details. Typically requires an associate degree in drafting technology and one year of drafting experience

Designer: Works with engineers and drafters to turn conceptual design into usable production drawings and specifications. Typically requires an associate degree and at least five years industrial experience, knowledge of design process and drawing requirements

Checker: Experienced drafter who checks drawings created by drafting technicians for accuracy and completeness. Typically requires an associate degree and at least five years industrial experience, detailed knowledge of design process and drawing requirements

Senior Detailer: Especially skilled in understanding details of how things work and go together, capable of detailing complex parts and making details understandable. Typically requires an associate degree and at least five years industrial experience, knowledge of drawing requirements

Engineer: Has at least a four-year degree in an engineering specialty. Must be licensed by the states in which they operate. Many specialized branches. Uses technical drawings to communicate ideas and products for manufacturing or construction.

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Most major corporations employ a complete engineering design team

Research and development personnel

Development engineer

Project engineer

Design engineer

Technical illustrator

Branches of Engineering

Aerospace: Designs aircraft for NASA, public transportation and military applications.

May work with sub-systems, such as electrical, mechanical, structural, etc.

Architecture: Interest in building and construction

Typically, Architects and Architectural Designers have a four or five-year degree and must be licensed by the states in which they operate. Additional courses of study for specializing in various fields

Landscape architects City planners Interior designers Create original designs that are pleasing to the eye as well as functional and meet client and code requirements. Drawings include floor plans, foundation plans, site plans, elevations, and specialty plans for electrical, plumbing, heating & air, etc.

Civil: Designs structures, environmental systems, and various construction projects. Arguably the oldest engineering profession. May do analysis and design for materials and structural systems for buildings, aircraft, etc.

Electrical/Electronic: Designs electric power devices, controls, mechanisms, and electrical systems.

Works with power transmission, analog and digital circuits, and communications.

Mechanical: Similar to engineering with more emphasis on creative abilities of the drafter: creativity, ingenuity and technical knowledge. Work from sketches or just a memo describing a new product idea

Determine how or if ideas might work and provide accurate drawings and specifications for proposed products

Technical Illustration: Provides realistic pictorial drawings or 3D computer models of proposed new products or construction that show how a proposed product will look and work in a way that a client with no technical training can understand. Must have a strong background in drafting principles and understand how to read technical drawings. Must have a good imagination

Entrepreneurship: Organizes and then runs a business. Self-employed, often working at home from a computer. Some subcontract specialized jobs. Positive aspects include job satisfaction, good income, you are in charge. Negative aspects include financial risk, long hours, no guarantee of success

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Workplace Skills

Soft skills involve getting along with others and working well with them. Employers want employees who follow policies and procedures

Dress code Attendance Promptness Form good habits while still in school Personal Relationships Maintain good relationships with employer and coworkers Take genuine interest in people who work around you

Respect that people come from a variety of cultures

Attitude Maintain a positive, enthusiastic attitude Others may judge you on your personal attitude as well as your work Try to see yourself as others see you. Be willing to learn. Communication Skills. Communicate clearly and precisely. Understand spoken and written instructions from others. Give clear instructions verbally and in written form. Explain potential problems effectively. Use appropriate body language. Demonstrate good telephone etiquette. Use good e-mail etiquette

Self-Management: Manage work with minimal supervision, be a “self-starter”. Recognize problems related to work, identify causes, develop and implement solutions. Punctuality, dependability, reliability

Time Management: In business, time is money, Develop a work schedule, Determine deadlines as realistically as possible, Maintain a project calendar

Ethical Behavior - Principles of conduct that govern any group or society, Deal honestly with employers and coworkers, Respect company property, Keep company information confidential, Maintain personal integrity, while honoring the values of others

Leadership: Take responsibility by joining organizations and becoming a worker while still in school

Good leadership requires people skills, Good leaders must know how to follow directions, Be aware of codes, laws, standards and regulations that apply to work

Teamwork – The ability to work as part of a team is a critical employability skill,

Involves two important concepts

Cooperation - Team members must work together to achieve a common goal

Communication - Essential for work to go smoothly

Cooperative work, sharing knowledge and skills within the group results in higher quality of work

Assess knowledge and skills within the group - Responsibilities delegated effectively

Periodic evaluation of team performance will help the group stay on track

UNIT II: Sketching Competency: 002.00Demonstrate basic sketching skills and techniques.

Objective: 002.01: Explain the concepts related to sketching.

Introduction: As instrument drawing becomes less prevalent in industry, the ability to create accurate technical sketches becomes more important. The curriculum team feels that it is critical for students to be able to communicate technical information through different types of sketches. This unit will cover the purpose of sketching, materials needed for sketching, techniques for sketching, importance of proportions, the types of sketches, and differences between isometric, oblique and perspective sketches.

|SKETCHING 10 questions | | | |

|Demonstrate basic sketching skills and techniques. | |4% |6% |

|Identify the concepts related to sketching. | |1% | |

|Explain the concepts related to sketching multiviews and pictorials. | |3% | |

|Construct an isometric sketch. | | |2% |

|Construct an oblique sketch. | | |2% |

|Construct a multiview sketch. | | |2% |

UNIT III: Basic Drafting Skills. Competency: 003.00 Demonstrate basic drafting skills and techniques. Objective: 003.01: Explain the correct use of manual drafting equipment and supplies. Introduction: The purpose of this unit is to give students a basic understanding of the equipment used for instrument drawing. Although instrument drawing is now rare in industrial settings, the curriculum team feels that the concepts in this unit are important because they give students a good foundation for CAD activities. This unit will cover traditional equipment, the types of scales used in various professions, drawing scales, and the importance of precision and accuracy when producing engineering and technical drawings.

|BASIC DRAFTING SKILLS 10 questions | | | |

|Demonstrate basic drafting skills and techniques. | |5% |5% |

|Explain the correct use manual drafting equipment and supplies. | |2% | |

|Explain correct lettering technique. | |1% | |

|Demonstrate correct drawing procedures. | |2% | |

|Construct a single-view drawing. | | |5% |

UNIT IV: Basic Geometric Terms and Construction Competency: 004.00 Explain geometric terms and apply geometric construction techniques. Objective: 004.01

Explain selected geometric terms.

Introduction: The purpose of this unit is to give students a basic understanding of 2D and 3D geometry related to technical drawing. Emphasis should be placed on recognizing geometry that exists within objects for the purpose of creating solid models within the CAD software or creating multiview drawings. This unit covers basic geometric shapes and terms and the types of constructions necessary to create and model basic objects.

|BASIC GEOMETRIC TERMS AND CONSTRUCTION 10 questions | | | |

|Explain geometric terms and apply geometric construction techniques. | |4% |6% |

|Explain selected geometric terms. | |2% | |

|Explain the procedures for drawing standard geometric constructions. | |2% | |

|Construct drawings that require geometric constructions. | | |6% |

UNIT V: Multiview Drawing Competency: 005.00 Demonstrate orthographic projection techniques and principles as they apply to multiview drawings. Objective: 005.02 Visualize objects and views.

Visualization, Straight edges, Edges that are perpendicular to a plane of projection appear as a point. Edges that are parallel to a plane of projection appear as true length lines., Edges that are inclined to a plane of projection appear as foreshortened lines. Curved edges project as straight lines on the plane to which they are perpendicular. Curved edges project as curved lines on the planes to which they are parallel or inclined.

|MULTIVIEW DRAWING 26 questions | | | |

|Demonstrate orthographic projection techniques and principles as they apply to multiview drawings. | |18% |8% |

|Explain the concepts and principles underlying the creation of multiview drawings. | |7% | |

|Visualize objects and views. | |11% | |

|Construct multiview drawings. | | |8% |

UNIT VI: Basic Dimensioning SkillsCompetency: 006.00 Demonstrate basic dimensioning techniques.

Objective: 006.01 Identify the accepted standards for mechanical dimensioning practices.

Introduction: The purpose of this unit is to introduce students to basic dimensioning techniques related to technical drawing. The previous units were mainly focused on describing the shape of objects. This unit will focus on describing the size and location of features. Standards for dimensioning technique, dimension placement, and general rules for dimensioning will be covered per Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ASME Y14.5M-1994. Standards for architectural dimensioning are to be covered in Architectural Drafting II.

UNIT VI: Basic Dimensioning SkillsCompetency: 006.00 Demonstrate basic dimensioning

|BASIC DIMENSIONING SKILLS 14 questions | | | |

|Demonstrate basic dimensioning skills. | |7% |7% |

|Identify the accepted standards for mechanical dimensioning practices. | |4% | |

|Explain the procedures for dimensioning mechanical drawings. | |3% | |

|Construct dimensions on an engineering drawing. | | |7% |

[pic]UNIT VII: Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD)

Competency: 007.00 Explain and demonstrate basic CAD commands and techniques.

| | | | |

|COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING 26 Questions | | | |

|Demonstrate basic CAD commands and techniques. | |13% |13% |

|Explain basic CADD terms and concepts. | |1% | |

|Explain basic 2D CAD commands. | |9% | |

|Explain basic 3D modeling commands and concepts. | |3% | |

|Construct a 2D CAD drawing. | | |9% |

|Construct a 3D CAD model. | | |4% |

Objective: 007.01 Explain basic CAD terms and concepts.

Introduction: The purpose of this unit is to introduce students to basic 2D and 3D CAD concepts and commands. Over the last 20 years, CAD technology has advanced from only being able to construct simple 2D drawings to the functionality to create sophisticated, rendered, 3D solid models. The curriculum team feels strongly that 3D CAD should be introduced to students in Drafting I. This gives them a good foundation for the upper level courses. This unit will cover terms related to CAD, reasons for using CAD, set-up, draw, and modify commands, point-entry methods, and basic 3D modeling terms and commands. The 2D CAD material can be sufficiently covered with AutoCAD LT, AutoCAD, CADKEY, DATACAD, or the equivalent.

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