Ginger - MNSi Telecom



Ginger

Zingiber officinale

Ginger is from the Ginger (Zingiberaceae) family.

Parts Used ;Root Rhizome

Health Benefits of Ginger

Cardiovascular System

Ginger helps to prevent Atherosclerosis (by lowering serum Cholesterol levels, inhibiting abnormal Blood Clotting and improving Blood Circulation).

Ginger improves Blood Circulation.

Ginger prevents abnormal Blood Clotting by inhibiting Platelet Aggregation (due to the Gingerol content of Ginger)

Ginger increases the contraction strength of the Heart and improves Energy production in the Heart (due to its ability to increase the production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) by the Heart).

Ginger helps to prevent Thrombosis.

Digestive System

Ginger improves the function of the Digestive System.

Ginger stimulates the flow of Bile from the Gallbladder (i.e. it functions as a cholagogue).

Ginger (tea) alleviates Colic.

Ginger cleanses the ..:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Colon.

Ginger may be useful for the treatment of Crohn's Disease (due to its ability to inhibit the excessive production of (pro-inflammatory) Leukotriene B4 that occurs during Crohn's Disease).

Ginger alleviates Diverticulosis.

Ginger helps to prevent Gastric Ulcers.

Ginger temporarily alleviates Gastritis.

Ginger temporarily alleviates Flatulence.

Ginger temporarily alleviates Indigestion.

Ginger enhances gastrointestinal motility and alleviates Abdominal Cramps in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients.

Ginger helps to protect the Stomach from the toxic effects of Alcohol (ethanol) and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS).

Ginger may be useful for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (due to its ability to inhibit the excessive production of (pro-inflammatory) Leukotriene B4 that occurs during Ulcerative Colitis).

Ginger (1,000 mg per day) prevents Vomiting (due to the Shogaol content of Ginger).

Excretory System

Ginger induces Perspiration.

Immune System

Ginger (weakly) inhibits many types of Detrimental Bacteria.

Ginger reduces Fevers. research

Ginger inhibits Inflammation (by suppressing the production of inflammatory Eicosanoids such as Prostaglandin E2 and Leukotriene B4).

Ginger stimulates the death (apoptosis) of Leukemia cells (due to the Gingerol content of Ginger). research

Metabolism

Ginger possesses Antioxidant properties (primarily due to the Shogaol and Zingerone components of Ginger). research

- Ginger scavenges Hydroxyl Free Radicals.

- Ginger inhibits some types of Oxidation (e.g. Lipid Peroxidation).

- Ginger scavenges Superoxide Free Radicals.

Ginger increases the body's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).

Ginger helps to lower serum Cholesterol levels: research

- Ginger lowers LDL Cholesterol levels and inhibits the oxidation of LDL Cholesterol.

- Ginger lowers VLDL Cholesterol levels.

Ginger stimulates the body's production of Energy.

Ginger is speculated to be useful for the treatment of Hepatitis C (due to its ability to lower elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor-a levels). peer-reviewed research

Ginger facilitates weight loss in people afflicted with Obesity (due to the ability of Ginger to increase the body's Basal Metabolic Rate which results in greater activation of Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptors on Brown Adipose Tissue resulting in greater thermogenesis).

Ginger lowers elevated serum Triglycerides levels (by up to 27%). research

Musculoskeletal System

Ginger alleviates Cramps.

Ginger alleviates the Pain and Inflammation associated with Osteoarthritis (by inhibiting the inflammatory eicosanoids that contribute to the Pain and Inflammation associated with Osteoarthritis).

Ginger alleviates the Pain, Inflammation and stiffness associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Nervous System

Ginger alleviates Migraine (including the Nausea that often accompanies Migraine).

Ginger (1,000 mg per day taken as four divided doses of 250 mg each) temporarily alleviates Nausea (including the Nausea associated with Morning Sickness in women during Pregnancy and the Nausea experienced by persons undergoing Chemotherapy). research

Ginger temporarily diminishes the sensation of Pain.

Ginger (1,000 mg consumed approximately 25 minutes prior to travelling) is more effective than prescription drugs for alleviating Travel Sickness. .

Ginger alleviates Vertigo. 

Oral Health

Ginger (fresh Ginger Root) alleviates Toothache.

Orthodox Medical Procedures

Ginger (1,000 mg consumed prior to anaesthesia) reduces the incidence of post-

Surgery Nausea and Vomiting caused by the anaesthetics used during Surgery. research

Respiratory System

Ginger alleviates the symptoms of the Common Cold (due to its warming effects).

Sexual System

Ginger alleviates Dysmenorrhea (by inhibiting the excessive production of Prostaglandin F2 alpha that is implicated in Dysmenorrhea).

Ginger (1,000 mg per day taken as four divided doses of 250 mg each) temporarily alleviates the Nausea associated with Morning Sickness.

Skin

Ginger (applied topically to the Skin as a component of Skin Creams) is claimed to stimulate Blood Circulation to the Skin.

Ginger Enhances the Function of these Substances

Lipids

Ginger increases the body's production of Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2).

Nucleic Compounds

Ginger increases the production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) by the Heart.

Ginger Inhibits these Potentially Toxic Substances

Cytokines

Ginger lowers elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels. peer-reviewed research

Enzymes

Ginger inhibits Cyclooxygenase (due to the Gingerol content of Ginger). research

Ginger inhibits Lipoxygenase (5-Lipoxygenase form) (due to the Gingerol content of Ginger).

Lipids

Ginger inhibits the production of Leukotriene B4 (due to the Gingerol content of Ginger inhibiting the Lipoxygenase enzyme that produces Leukotriene B4).

Ginger inhibits the production of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (due to the ability of the Gingerol content of Ginger to inhibit Cyclooxygenase, a precursor for PGE2 production). research

Ginger inhibits the production of Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha).

Ginger inhibits the production of Thromboxane A2 (due to Gingerol inhibiting the Cyclooxygenase enzyme that catalyzes the production of Thromboxane A2).

Pharmaceutical Drugs

Ginger helps to reduce the Nausea and Vomiting that occur as side effects of Chemotherapy.

Ginger helps to protect the Stomach from the toxic effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-

Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS).

Recreational Drugs

Ginger helps to protect the Stomach from the toxic effects of Alcohol (ethanol).

Contraindications

Pharmaceutical Drugs

Ginger should not be used concomitantly with Warfarin (Ginger may potentiate the anticoagulant effects of Warfarin and thereby cause Bleeding). research

Ginger Contains these Substances

(mg of Substance per 100 grams)

Carbohydrates: 50,000 Mucilages

Enzymes: Proteolytic Enzymes

Lipids: 7,000

Minerals: Calcium Iron

Magnesium Phosphorus

Potassium Sodium

Terpenoids: Sesquiterpenes: Bisabolene

Zingiberene

Vitamins: Vitamin B3 Vitamin B6

Choline PABA

Inositol

Volatile Oils: Borneol Camphene

Cineole Citral

Eucalyptol Linalool

Phellandrene Zingiberol

Oleoresins: * 33,000 Gingerol

Shogaol

Zingerone

Gingerdiol

Gingerdione

Zingerdione

* Oleoreseins are compounds of a Volatile Oil + a Resin.

Dosage Recommendations

The most commonly recommended dosage of dried Ginger root when used for therapeutic purposes is 500 - 3,000 mg per day. The most common dosage within this range is 1,000 mg per day. When used for the prevention of Travel Sickness, Ginger should be consumed 20 minutes to two hours prior to traveling. Women should not consume more than 1,000 mg of Ginger (extract) during Pregnancy.

Commercial Availability of Ginger

"Singular" Ginger Oral Supplements

Ginger is available from health food stores, herb suppliers and mail order supplement companies (worldwide) in the form of:

- loose, dried Ginger root

- 1:2 fluid extract/tincture

- 1:4 fluid extract/tincture

- 1:5 fluid extract/tincture

- 100 mg concentrated 10:1 capsules (equivalent to 1,000 mg of dried Ginger root).

- 100 mg capsules standardized to contain 20% (20 mg) Volatile Oils and 5% (5 mg) Zingiberene.

- 250 mg capsules standardized to contain 5% (12.5%) Volatile Oils (Gingerols).

- 250 mg concentrated 4:1 capsules (equivalent to 1,000 mg of dried Ginger root).

- 275 mg capsules

- 400 mg capsules

- 420 mg capsules

- 500 mg capsules

- 500 mg tablets

- 535 mg capsules

- 550 mg capsules

Oral Formulas

Ginger is one of the three Ayurvedic Herbs that comprise the formula known as Trikatu.

Standardized extracts of the active ingredients of Ginger are one of the components of the proprietary product named Zinaxin that is formulated for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Ginger is an ingredient in several specific purpose formulas including:

- Weight Loss Formulas

Topical Products

Ginger is an ingredient in some topically-applied Skin care products including:

- Skin moisturizing creams (Ginger is claimed to improve Blood Circulation to the Skin).

- Skin refining creams

Standardization

Some Ginger products are standardized to contain up to 5% of the principal active ingredients, Volatile Oils (particularly Gingerol).

Onion

The Onion is a biennial bulb Vegetable - commonly described (incorrectly) as a member of the Lily family.

Botanical Names

Allium cepa (Common Onion)

Allium cepa proliform group (Egyptian Onion or Tree Onion)

All varieties of Onion belong to the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae) family.

Health Benefits of Onions

Cardiovascular System

Onions>

Onions inhibit abnormal Blood Clotting (due to Adenosine and other substances in Onions).

Onion reduces the risk of Heart Attack (by inhibiting the abnormal Blood Clotting activity that is implicit in Heart Attacks).

Onions lowers elevated Blood Pressure in Hypertension patients (due to the Prostaglandin E1 content of Onions).

Onions help to prevent Thrombosis.

Digestive System

Onions stimulate the flow of Bile (i.e. it functions as a Cholagogue) (due to Sulfur).

Onions alleviate the symptoms of Colic.

Immune System

Onions help to prevent and treat some forms of Cancer: research

- Onions help to prevent Lung Cancer (primarily due to their high content of Quercetin).

- Onions protect against Skin Cancer.

- Onions reduce the incidence of Stomach Cancer. research

Onions kill several forms of Detrimental Bacteria (due to Diphenylamine) including:

- Bacillus subtilis research

- Eschericia coli research

- Salmonella

Metabolism

Onion lowers total serum Cholesterol levels:

- Onion (especially raw Onion) increases (beneficial) HDL Cholesterol levels - ½ of a raw Onion per day raises HDL Cholesterol by 30%. research

Onions exert significant blood-sugar lowering actions in Diabetes Mellitus patients (mainly due to the Allyl Propyl Disulfide content of Onions retarding the degradation of Insulin): research

- Onions are as effective as the Pharmaceutical Drugs, Tolbutamide and Phenformin, in lowering Blood Sugar levels in Diabetes Mellitus patients.

Onions lower total serum Triglycerides levels. research

Respiratory System

Onions alleviate Asthma (by inhibiting the production of compounds that cause the bronchial spasms associated with Asthma and by relaxing the bronchial muscles). research

Onions facilitate the elimination of excessive Mucous from the body.

Onion (poultice wrapped around the neck) alleviates Pharyngitis (sore throat).

Skin

Onions (boiled and mashed and then applied topically) draws out the toxins from Boils (according to folklore).

Onion (juice applied topically to the Scalp) improves circulation to the Scalp.

Onion (juice applied topically to the affected area) treats Tinea (Ringworm).

Onion (pulp used as a poultice, applied topically and changed every day) can eliminate Ingrown Toe Nails.

Onion inhibits the Lipoxygenase pathway of Arachidonic Acid metabolism which is implicated in Psoriasis.

Onions Counteract these Potentially Toxic Substances

Proteins

Onions increase the breakdown of Fibrin by facilitating the process of fibrinolysis.

Onions Contain these Substances

(mg of Substance per 100 grams)

Amino Acids: 1,400 Phenylalanine 39 Isoleucine 21

Leucine 37 Valine 31

Methionine 13 Tryptophan 21

Threonine 22 Lysine 64

Tyrosine 46 Arginine 180

Histidine 14 Carnitine

Cysteine

Carbohydrates: Pectin Fructooligosaccharides

Enzymes: Alliinase

Minerals: Calcium 136 Germanium

Nucleosides: Adenosine

Phenolic Acids: Caffeic Acid Ellagic Acid

Sinapic Acid

Polyphenols: Quercetin

Prostaglandins: Onions are one of the only foods that contain Prostaglandin E1 research

Sulfuric Compounds: Allyl Propyl Disulfide

Glucosinolates: Allyl Isothiocyanate

Vitamins: Vitamin C

Other: Saponins Diphenylamine

Onions Inhibit these Potentially Toxic Substances

Lipids

Onions inhibit the manufacture of detrimental Prostaglandin E2 (due to Onions' Prostaglandin E1 and Quercetin content).

Onions inhibit Thromboxane A2.

Potential Toxic Effects of Onions

Food Poisoning

Onions are prone to contamination by Aflatoxin produced from Aspergillus parasiticus in incorrectly stored Onions.

Food Processing Techniques

Onions are often subjected to Food Irradiation in order to inhibit their sprouting potential - Food Irradiation has various toxic effects on the body.

Immune System

Onions cause Food Allergies in some people.

Nervous System

Onions trigger Migraines in some people.

Grapefruit

The Grapefruit is a Citrus Fruit from the evergreen Grapefruit Tree.

Botanical Name

Citrus paradisi

The Grapefruit is from the Citrus (Rue) (Rutaceae) family.

Health Benefits of Grapefruit

Cardiovascular System

Grapefruit reduces the accumulation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Atherosclerosis patients (due to Grapefruit Pectin).

Grapefruit normalizes Hematocrit (blood thickness) levels (i.e. it raises low Hematocrit levels, lowers elevated Hematocrit levels and has no effect on normal Hematocrit levels) - this effect occurs due to Grapefruit's Naringin content. research

Grapefruit helps to prevent Ischemic Heart Disease (by lowering Blood Hematocrit levels, thereby lowering the viscosity of the Blood).

Grapefruit promotes the elimination of old Red Blood Cells (due to Naringin).

Digestive System

Grapefruit (juice) increases Appetite.

Grapefruit (juice consumed in morning) alleviates Constipation.

Grapefruit (juice) improves Digestion by increasing the flow of Gastric Juices.

Immune System

Grapefruit protects against some forms of Cancer (due to the Grapefruit Pectin and D-Glucaric Acid content of Grapefruit):

- Grapefruit inhibits the growth of the cells involved in Breast Cancer (due to the Naringenin content of Grapefruit).

- Grapefruit helps to prevent Lung Cancer (primarily due to the Naringin content of Grapefruit).

- Grapefruit inhibits the metastasis of Melanoma (due to the Naringin and Naringenin content of Grapefruit).

- Grapefruit helps to prevent Pancreatic Cancer.

Grapefruit (juice) helps to reduce Fever.

Metabolism

Grapefruit lowers serum Cholesterol levels (due to the Galacturonic Acid and Grapefruit Pectin content of Grapefruit).

Grapefruit (juice) alleviates Obesity.

Nervous System

Grapefruit (juice consumed at night) promotes Sleep and alleviates Insomnia.

Respiratory System

Grapefruit are an adjunct to the treatment of the Common Cold.

Grapefruit (especially juice) alleviates Coughs.

Grapefruit (especially juice) alleviates Pharyngitis (Sore Throat).

Skin

Grapefruit (juice) improves the complexion of the Skin.

Grapefruit Enhances the Function of these Substances

Grapefruit Juice increases the absorption, bioavailability and potency of numerous nutrients and Pharmaceutical Drugs (due to the Naringin content of Grapefruit temporarily blocking the pathways in the Liver through which these substances are normally metabolized): research

- In the case of Pharmaceutical Drugs, this aspect of Grapefruit juice is undesirable where Grapefruit

-juice-prolonged activity/concentration/potency of the Pharmaceutical Drug may result in toxicity.

Alkaloids

When Caffeine is consumed at the same time as Grapefruit (especially Grapefruit juice), the oral clearance of Caffeine is decreased by 23% and the elimination half-life of Caffeine is increased by 31%. research

Pharmaceutical Drugs

When Cyclosporine is consumed in conjunction with Grapefruit (especially Grapefruit Juice), its absorption rate increases significantly (by up to 220%). research

When Felodipine (Plendil) is consumed in conjunction with Grapefruit (especially Grapefruit Juice), its absorption rate increases from 20% to 40% (i.e. persons who have been prescribed Felodipine may need to reduce their dosage of Felodipine if they consume Grapefruit Juice concurrently with Felodipine).

When HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (such as Lovastatin) are consumed in conjunction with Grapefruit juice, their blood concentrations are increased by up to 15-fold. Such increases are dangerous. research

When Saquinavar is consumed in conjunction with Grapefruit (especially Grapefruit Juice), its absorption rate increases significantly (by up to 220%). research

Grapefruit Contains these Substances

(mg of Substance per 100 grams)

Amino Acids: Glutathione 70 Hydroxy Methylbutyrate (HMB)

Carbohydrates: Fructose 2,500 Galacturonic Acid

Grapefruit Pectin D-Glucaric Acid

Carotenoids: Lycopene * 3.4 Beta-Carotene 1.3

Enzymes: Pectase **

Minerals: Magnesium Potassium

Organic Acids: Citric Acid Glycyrrhetinic Acid

Polyphenols: Naringin Naringenin

Quercetin

Vitamins: Inositol Vitamin B1

Vitamin C 38

Volatile Oils: Citral

* Lycopene is only present in Pink Grapefruit.

** Found in the Pith of Grapefruit

The characteristically bitter taste of Grapefruit is attributable to Naringin.

Contraindications

Digestive System

Colitis patients should not consume Grapefruit.

Gastric Ulcer patients should not consume Grapefruit.

Pineapple

Description

The Pineapple is a type of Tropical Fruit.

Botanical Names

Ananas comosus Ananas sativus

Both species of Pineapple belong to the Pineapple (Bromeliaceae) family.

Health Benefits of Pineapple

Cardiovascular System

Pineapple alleviates Angina (due to Bromelain).

Pineapple helps to treat and prevent Atherosclerosis (by breaking down the Atherosclerotic Plaque that underlies Atherosclerosis).

Pineapple may inhibit further abnormal Blood Clotting that may cause a second Heart Attack (due to Bromelain).

Pineapple helps to prevent and treat Cardiovascular Diseases (due to its ability to inhibit Fibrinogen, the chemical that can cause the abnormal Blood Clotting that underlies most Cardiovascular Diseases) (due to Bromelain).

Digestive System

Pineapple facilitates the digestion of dietary Proteins (due to Bromelain, a Proteolytic (Protein-dissolving) Enzyme).

Immune System

Pineapple helps to prevent and treat some types of Cancer (due to the Bromelain and Peroxidases content of Pineapple).

Pineapple helps to reduce Inflammation (due to its Bromelain content).

Musculoskeletal System

Pineapple minimizes the Inflammation that occurs during Rheumatoid Arthritis (due to the Bromelain content of Pineapple).

Water & Water Balance

Pineapple alleviates Edema (due to Bromelain).

Pineapple Enhances these Substances

Second Messengers

Pineapple increases the body's Cyclic AMP levels (due to its Bromelain content).

Pineapple Inhibits these Substances

Hormones

Pineapple inhibits Platelet Aggregating Factor (PAF) (due to Bromelain).

Neuropeptides

Pineapple lowers tissue and serum Bradykinin levels (due to the Bromelain content of Pineapple).

Pineapples Contain these Substances

(mg of Substance per 100 grams)

Amino Acids: Tyramine

Carbohydrates: Mannitol

Enzymes: Bromelain Peroxidase

Minerals: Copper Manganese

Potassium Selenium

Organic Acids: Citric Acid

Vitamins: Vitamin A Vitamin C

Other: Protease Inhibitors

Potentially Toxic Effects of Pineapple

Immune System Pineapple is a common cause of Food Allergies (due to its Tyramine content).

Papaya

The Papaya is a soft-wooded palm-like evergreen tree that bears a large green tropical fruit.

Botanical Name

Carica papaya

The Papaya is from the Caricaceae family.

Health Benefits of Papaya

Immune System

Papaya (green, unripened) inhibits several types of Detrimental Bacteria. Species of Bacteria inhibited by Papaya include:

- Bacillus subtilis research

- Enterobacter cloacae research

- Eschericia coli research

- Proteus vulgaris

Metabolism

Papaya lowers serum Triglycerides levels (probably due to the Papain content of Papaya). research

Skin

Papaya (ointment applied topically) alleviates Hives.

Papaya (ointment applied topically) alleviates external Skin Ulcers.

Papaya Enhances the Function of these Substances

Enzymes

Papaya increases the activity of Glutathione-S-Transferase. peer-reviewed research

Papaya Contains these Substances

(mg of Substance per 100 grams)

Amino Acids: Alanine 140 Arginine 10,000

Aspartic Acid 490

Carotenoids: Beta-Carotene 0.099 Lutein

Lycopene Alpha-Carotene

Zeaxanthin Cryptoxanthin 0.47

Enzymes: Chymopapain Papain *

Phenolic Acids: Ellagic Acid

Vitamins: Vitamin C 56

Other: Beta-Ocimene

* Ripened Papaya contains very little Papain.

(Green (unripened) Papaya contains far more Papain than ripened Papaya. research

Dosage Recommendations

The manufacturers of (green) Papaya supplements recommend a daily dosage of 1,200 mg for therapeutic purposes.

Guggolsterones or Guggol

Guggulsterones are a group of Plant-derived Steroids derived from Guggulipid.

Health Benefits of Guggulsterones

Guggulsterones are responsible for most of the Health Benefits attributed to Guggulipid extract.

Cardiovascular System

Guggulsterones help to prevent Atherosclerosis.

Metabolism

Guggulsterones possesses Antioxidant properties.

Guggulsterones lowers elevated serum Cholesterol levels (by stimulating the function of the Thyroid, inhibiting the endogenous production of Cholesterol and facilitating the excretion of Cholesterol). research

Guggulsterones alleviates Hypothyroidism (by stimulating the production of Thyroid Hormones).

Guggulsterones stimulate the Thyroid (to increase the production of Thyroid Hormones).

Guggulsterones lower elevated serum Triglyceride levels (by stimulating the production of Thyroid Hormones).

Guggulsterones Enhance the Function of these Substances

Hormones

Guggulsterones enhance the production and secretion of Thyroid Hormones (

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine).

Minerals

Guggulsterones facilitate the uptake of Iodine into the Thyroid.

Dietary Source of Guggulsterones

Herbs

The primary source of Guggulsterones is Guggulipid Extract (i.e. the Gum extract of either of two species of Myrrh - Commiphora mukul and Commiphora wightii species).

Dosage Recommendations

The usual therapeutic dosage of Guggulsterones is 25 mg taken three times per day = 75 mg per day.

Commercial Availability of Guggulsterones

Oral Guggulipid Products

Guggulsterones are the priniciple active ingredient in Guggulipid Extract (known also as Guggal or Gugulipid) supplenents. Many Guggulipid supplements are standardized to contain up to 3% Guggulsterones (e.g. 12 mg per Guggulipid Extract capsule).

Description

Guggulipid is an Indian Herb that is commonly utilized in Ayurvedic Medicine.

Botanical Names Commiphora mukul Commiphora wightii (also known as Commiphora wightii) Both species of Guggulipid belong to the Torchwood (Burseraceae) family.

Part Used

Dried, yellow/red Oleo-Gum-Resin (a mixture of Volatile Oils, Gums and Resins) extracted from incisions made in the bark of 5-year-or-older Myrrh Trees [this extract is commonly known as Guggal Extract or Gugulipid Extract].

Health Benefits of Guggulipid

Cardiovascular System

Guggulipid helps to prevent Atherosclerosis.

Metabolism

Guggulipid possesses Antioxidant properties.

Guggulipid lowers elevated serum Cholesterol levels (by stimulating the function of the Thyroid, inhibiting the endogenous production of Cholesterol and facilitating the excretion of Cholesterol): peer-reviewed research

- Guggulipid lowers serum LDL Cholesterol levels.

Guggulipid alleviates Hypothyroidism (by stimulating the production of Thyroid Hormones by the Thyroid gland).

Guggulipid helps to prevent Insulin Resistance.

Guggulipid facilitates weight loss in persons afflicted with Obesity (by stimulating the production of Thyroid Hormones).

Guggulipid stimulates the Thyroid to increase the production of Thyroid Hormones.

Guggulipid lowers elevated serum Triglyceride levels (by stimulating the production of Thyroid Hormones).

Musculoskeletal System

Guggulipid has a drying effect (i.e. it functions as an astringent) on Mucous Membranes.

Respiratory System

Guggulipid (tincture used as a gargle) alleviates Pharyngitis (Sore Throat).

Guggulipid Enhances the Function of these Substances

Hormones

Guggulipid stimulates the production of Thyroxine (T4) (due to Guggulsterones).

Guggulipid stimulates the production of Triiodothyronine (T3) (due to Guggulsterones).

Minerals

Guggulipid enhances the uptake of Iodine into the Thyroid.

Neurotransmitters

Guggulipid increases the body's production of Dopamine.

Guggulipid Contains these Substances

(mg of substance per 100 grams)

Bitter Principles:

Fatty Acids: Acetic Acid Formic Acid

Gums: 60,000

Lignans:

Lipids: Terpenes: Monoterpenes

Diterpenes

Sequiterpenes

Steroids: Guggulsterones: E-Guggulsterone

Z-Guggulsterone

Resins: 30,000

Volatile Oils: 5,000 M-cresol Eugenol

Heerabolone

Dosage Recommendations

Most herbalists recommend the tincture equivalent of 1 - 3 grams of Guggulipid per day for therapeutic purposes (this equates to 10 ml of 1:5 or 5 ml of 1:2 Guggulipid tincture per day). In order to derive the therapeutic benefits of Guggulipid , it is generally recommended that its extract be supplemented at a level that will deliver 75 - 100 mg of Guggulsterones per day (in divided dosages). For a product standardized to contain 5% Guggulsterones this would equate to a daily dosage of 1,500 - 2,000 mg per day.

Piperine ( black pepper )

Description

Piperine is a type of Amide that is manufactured synthetically as a flavoring agent and is also naturally present in some foods.

Toxic Effects of Piperine

Immune System

Excessive consumption of Piperine can cause Cancer. (140 grams of pepper = about a table spoon and a half)

Piperine Enhances the Function of these Substances

Low doses of Piperine have been found to greatly enhance the absorption and bioavailability of most Nutrients and Drugs (by inhibiting Enzymes in the Liver that normally metabolize various Nutrients and Drugs). This increased absorption of other nutrients varies from a 30% to a 250% increase. Nutrients with increased bioavailability in the presence of Piperine include:

- Beta-Carotene (60% increased bioavailability)

- Curcumin (2000% (twenty-fold) increased bioavailability) research

- Diindolylmethane (DIM)

- Methoxyflavone research

- Selenium (30% increased bioavailability)

- Vitamin B6 (62% increased bioavailability)

Dietary Sources of Piperine

Alcoholic Beverages: Synthetically manufactured Piperine is used as a pungent flavoring agent in Brandy.

Herbs: Pepper (Piper nigrum)

Long Pepper (Piper longum)

Dosage Recommendations

The usual recommended dosage of Piperine for enhancing the absorption of other nutrients/drugs is 5 mg consumed together with the relevant compound.

Cayenne Pepper

Also known as: Cayenne; Chile; Chili; Chili Pepper; Chilli Pepper; Hot Pepper; Red Pepper; Tabasco Pepper

Description

The Chilli is a small, "hot" pepper commonly used as a Spice. Paprika is a (milder) variety of Chilli.

Botanical Names

Capsicum annum

Capsicum frutescens

Capsicum minimum

Chillis are from the Nightshade (Solanaceae) family.

Part Used Fruit and (sometimes) the Seeds

Health Benefits of Chillis

Cardiovascular System

Chillis improve Blood Circulation. research

Chilli helps to prevent abnormal Blood Clotting (due to the Capsaicin component of Chillis stimulating the breakdown of Fibrin (i.e. by stimulating fibrinolysis)). research

Chillis lowers systemic Blood Pressure.

Chilli (ointment applied topically to the site of the Chilblain) alleviates the symptoms of Chilblains.

Chillis alleviates Ventricular Fibrillation (due to the Capsaicin content of Chillis).

Digestive System

Chillis protect the Gastric Mucosa from the toxic effects of Aspirin and Alcohol (due to Capsaicin). research

Chillis helps to alleviate Heartburn. research

Chillis treat and help to prevent Peptic Ulcers:

- Chillis treat and help to prevent Duodenal Ulcers. research

- Chillis accelerate the healing of Gastric Ulcers. research

Excretory System

Chillis induce Perspiration (i.e. they function as a diaphoretic).

Hair

Chillis (applied topically by rubbing into the Scalp) may stimulate some regrowth of Hair in persons afflicted with Male Pattern Baldness (by stimulating the release of Histamine in the Scalp which can stimulate Cell division).

Immune System

Chilli inhibits some types of Detrimental Bacteria (due to the Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin content of Chilli):

- Chilli inhibits Bacillus cereus.

- Chilli inhibits Bacillus subtilis. research

- Chilli inhibits Clostridium tetani. research

- Chilli inhibits Eschericia coli. research

- Chilli inhibits Streptococcus pyogenes. research

Metabolism

Chillis increases the body's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) (due to the Capsaicin content of Chillis). research

Chillis lower serum Cholesterol levels (due to the Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin content of Chillis): research

- Chillis inhibit the body's absorption of dietary Cholesterol (due to Capsaicin).

- Chillis increase the excretion of Cholesterol via the feces (due to Capsaicin).

Chillis alleviate Fatigue.

Chilli increases body temperature in persons with Low Body Temperature (possibly due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli increasing the production of Interleukin 1).

Chillis facilitate weight reduction in persons afflicted with Obesity (due to the Capsaicin content of Chillis increasing the body's Basal Metabolic Rate, stimulating the process of thermogenesis and by stimulating the process of lipolysis.

Chillis stimulate the Thyroid.

Chillis lower serum Triglyceride levels (due to the Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin content of Chillis).

Musculoskeletal System

Chillis counteract the Inflammation associated with Arthritis.

Chillis facilitate the elimination of excessive Mucous from the body (due to Capsaicin).

Nervous System

Chillis are beneficial for the relief of Pain: research

- Chillis stimulate the release of Endorphins (which are released by the body in order to block the pain of Capsaicin contained in Chilli).

Respiratory System

Chillis alleviate Asthma by helping to clear the Respiratory Passages and by inhibiting bronchoconstriction.

Chillis help to prevent the onset of (chronic) Bronchitis and assist the management of existing Bronchitis.

Chillis act as a decongestant for the Common Cold.

Chillis alleviate the symptoms of Emphysema (due to their decongestant properties).

Chillis clear excessive Mucous from the Lungs.

Chillis alleviate Sinusitis by clearing the Sinuses.

Chillis Enhance the Function of these Substances

Lipids

Chilli enhances the secretion of Prostaglandin F1 alpha (due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli).

Chillis Counteract these Potentially Toxic Substances

Lipids

Chilli inhibits Leukotriene B4 (due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli).

Chilli inhibits Leukotriene C4 (due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli).

Chilli inhibits Prostaglandin E2 (due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli).

Pharmaceutical Drugs

Chillis protect the Gastric Mucosa from the toxic effects of Aspirin (due to Capsaicin). research

Proteins

Chillis lower Fibrinogen (which, in excess, is implicated in abnormal Blood Clotting) levels. research

Recreational Drugs

Chillis protect the Gastric Mucosa from the toxic effects of Alcohol (due to Capsaicin).

Chillis Contain these Substances

(mg of Substance per 100 grams)

Although many of Chilli's benefits are attributed to its constituent Capsaicin, scientific studies have proven that whole Chillis are more effective than isolated Capsaicin for the therapeutic benefits listed above.

Alkaloids: Capsaicinoids *: 700 Capsaicin 400

Dihydrocapsaicin 200

Homocapsaicin 33

Homodihydrocapsaicin 33

Nordihydrocapsaicin 34

Carotenoids: Capsanthin Capsorubin

Lipids: Steroid Saponins: Capsicidins

Vitamins: Vitamin C

Volatile Oils:

* Responsible for the burning sensation caused by the consumption of Chillis.

Capsicidins are found in Chilli Seeds and Chilli Root only.

Dosage Recommendations

The usual therapeutic dosage of Chillis (capsules) is 2,700 - 4,100 mg per day.

Myths Dispelled

Digestive System

Chillis do NOT damage the Stomach or Intestines (to prove this, researchers sprayed liquid Chilli directly onto a human Stomach and observed absolutely no damage to the Stomach or its linings).

Tumeric

Also known as: Indian Saffron; Yellow Ginger

Description

Turmeric is a perennial Herb that is often used for culinary purposes as a spice.

Botanical Name

Curcuma longa Turmeric is from the Ginger (Zingiberacea) family.

Parts Used Root/rhizome

Health Benefits of Turmeric

Most of the Health Benefits attributable to Turmeric occur as a result of its Curcumin content.

Cardiovascular System

Turmeric inhibits abnormal Blood Clotting (by inhibiting Platelet Aggregation and by lowering elevated Fibrinogen levels).

Cells

Turmeric stimulates Apoptosis in some types of Cancer Cells (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Digestive System

Turmeric stimulates the flow of Bile (due to Curcumin and Tolymethylcarbinol).

Turmeric helps to prevent Gallstones (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric stimulating the flow of Bile and stimulating contractions of the Gallbladder).

Turmeric strengthens the Gastric Mucosa (lining of the Stomach Wall).

Turmeric helps to prevent and treat Peptic Ulcers:

- Turmeric helps to prevent and treat Duodenal Ulcers.

- Turmeric helps to prevent and treat Gastric Ulcers.

Turmeric (2,000 mg per day) alleviates Indigestion.

Immune System

Turmeric helps to prevent some forms of Cancer: research

- Turmeric helps to prevent Colon Cancer (due to Curcumin).

- Turmeric helps to prevent Duodenal Cancer (due to Curcumin).

- Turmeric helps to prevent Mouth Cancer. research

- Turmeric helps to prevent Stomach Cancer (due to Curcuminoids).

- Turmeric stimulates Apoptosis in some types of Cancer Cells (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Turmeric reduces Inflammation (due to the Curcuminoids and Turmerin content of Turmeric). research

Turmeric helps to prevent Leukoplakia from progressing to Mouth Cancer. research

Metabolism

Turmeric contains various substances that possess Antioxidant properties: research

- Turmeric scavenges Hydroxyl Free Radicals (due to the Turmerin content of Turmeric). research

- Turmeric scavenges Superoxide Free Radicals (due to the Turmerin content of Turmeric).

Turmeric lowers serum Cholesterol levels (due to Curcumin).

Turmeric helps to reverse the Liver damage caused by Aflatoxin

Musculoskeletal System

Turmeric alleviates the Inflammation associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (due to Tolymethylcarbinol).

Nervous System

Curcumin helps to prevent and treat Alzheimer's Disease (due to the ability of Curcumin to counteract the toxic effects of Amyloid-Beta Protein). r

Turmeric inhibits the further progression of Multiple Sclerosis (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Turmeric Enhances the Function of these Substances

Immune System Cytokines

Turmeric stimulates the production of Interleukin 4 (due to Curcumin).

Lipids

Turmeric enhances the secretion of Prostaglandin F1 alpha (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Turmeric Counteracts the Toxic Effects of these Substances

Enzymes

Turmeric inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric). research

Hormones

Turmeric inhibits Platelet Aggregating Factor (PAF) (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Lipids

Turmeric inhibits Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Turmeric inhibits Thromboxane A2 (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Microorganisms

Turmeric helps to reverse the Liver damage caused by Aflatoxin. research

Proteins

Turmeric lowers elevated Fibrinogen levels.

Turmeric inihibits Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).

Recreational Drugs

Turmeric counteracts some of the toxic effects associated with Tobacco smoking (by neutralizing the carcinogenic compounds in Tobacco smoke).

Turmeric Contains these Substances

Lipids: Monoterpenes: Borneol

Cineol

Sesquiterpenes:

Minerals: Potassium

Polyphenols: Phenolic Acids: Curcumin

Curcumin II

Curcumin III

Vitamins: Vitamin C

Volatile Oils: Tolymethylcarbinol Phellandrene

Sabinene Turmerone

Zingiberene

Other: Turmerin

Commercial Usage of Turmeric

Food Processing Methods

Turmeric is often employed as a natural (orange/yellow) Coloring Agent in the manufacture of Processed Foods.

Dosage Recommendations

Researchers have concluded that 500 - 2,000 mg of Turmeric per day would provide the health benefits listed above.

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