Dearborn Public Schools



| |The Trojan War happened in ancient times around 1200 B.C. in Anotolia|The Trojan war had been going on for 10 years when the Acheans came |

| |(modern day Turkey). It was a war over land between the Achaeans (the|up with a clever way to beat their enemy. They built a large |

|The Aeneid is an epic poem by a poet named Virgil about a Trojan man |Greeks) and the Trojans (the Romans). The Achaeans were trying to |monument of a horse that could hide a group of Achean soldiers |

|named Aeneis and his adventures. Aeneis’s relatives are the people |conquer the city of Troy and rescue a woman named Helen of Troy. The|inside. The Achean army then pretended to leave Turkey, making the |

|credited with settling in Italy and founding the city of Rome. |Achaeans won the war by tricking the Trojans, but Aeneis, part of his|Trojans think they had won the war. The Acheans left behind the |

| |family, and some other refugees escape the burning city and sailed |horse and a decoy soldier who tricked the Trojans into believing that|

| |across to finally settle in Italy. |it was an offering to the goddess Athena. |

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|The Trojans wanted to take the horse inside their protective city | |The Roman form of government that developed was called the Roman |

|walls, but it was too big to fit through their gate. The Trojans |[pic] |Senate. Originally the senate was run only by the patricians who |

|took down part of their wall leaving them vulnerable to attack, took |The Trojan Horse |were wealthy noblemen. Each year, the senate chose two consuls to |

|the horse inside and celebrated their victory over the Achaeans. | |lead the senate together. |

|That night, the Achaean soldiers hidden in the belly of the horse | |[pic] |

|exited the horse and began burning the city of Troy to the ground. | | |

|The rest of the Achaean army came back and helped finish the battle. | | |

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|The common people of Rome, known as the plebeians didn’t think it was|After the Struggle of Orders, the patricians agreed to share power in|Julius Caesar |

|fair that they patricians made all of the laws and rules without |the Roman Senate by allowing the plebeians to elect representatives |Julius Caesar was one of the greatest emperors of Rome. He began as |

|their input. They staged a protest, kind of like a strike, called |to the Senate as well. They also agreed to write down all of the |a general in the Roman Legion but became dictator of Rome for life, |

|the Struggle of Orders during which many plebeians left Rome and set |laws of Rome and post them throughout the Roman Empire so that there |until he was murdered by a group of jealous senators. |

|up tents and a camp outside of the city and refused to work. |were no secrets and the laws were fair. They chiseled them in stone | |

| |and hung them up calling them the Twelve Tables of Law. | |

| | |The Roman army was called the Roman Legion. Soldiers were called |

| |During their shared rule of Rome, Mark Antony traveled to Egypt and |Legionnaires. Soldiers for the Roman Legion could come from any part|

|After the death of Caesar, two men came to power in Rome, a general |fell in love with the ruler of Egypt, Cleopatra. The two planned to |of the Roman Empire to serve. |

|and politician named Mark Antony and Caesar’s adopted grandson, |invade Rome and rule over it as king and queen. This led to a naval |[pic] |

|Octavian. At first the two men agreed to share power and rule Rome |battle called the Battle of Actium which Octavian won. Octavian | |

|together. |became sole ruler of Rome and was renamed Emperor Augustus. | |

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|The Roman Legion was very well trained and took the best ideas, | |One of the most Famous of Rome’s buildings is the Coliseum. The |

|strategies, and weapons from the civilizations they conquered. For | |Coliseum is a large stadium called an amphitheater. The Coliseum |

|example, they learned to use fighting formations from the Greeks. |Three weapons used by the Roman Legion were the pilum, which is a |could hold over 50,000 people and had four different levels of |

|They developed one called the Tortoise Formation. |long spear designed by the Romans, the scorpion, which is a machine |seating. It was mainly used for entertainment such as gladiator |

|[pic] |that fires arrows at great speeds and for great distances, and a |battles and chariot races. Gladiators would come out and battle each|

| |ballista which throws a stone, kind of like a cannon ball, only |other or a fierce animal such as a lion. The Gladiators would be |

| |smaller, at the enemy. |required to fight to the death, which is called mortal combat. |

| | |A wall built by Emperor Hadrian to keep out invaders from the north |

|[pic] | |of Britania. The wall was 73 miles long and had gates and towers, |

|The Coliseum | |called milecastles, so that the legionnaires could protect the |

| |The Pax Romana was a time of relative peace in Rome during which many|territory of Britania. |

| |of the temples, roads, bathhouses, and aqueducts were built. It |[pic] |

| |lasted for about 200 years. | |

| |The Pantheon |Roman aqueducts were built to supply fresh water to the large cities |

|The Pantheon is famous temple to all of the Greek gods built by |[pic] |of the Roman Empire. The aqueducts were large tunnels about 3 feet |

|Emperor Hadrian in Rome. The temple has a huge dome over a round | |wide and 6 feet tall through which ground water could flow out of the|

|room called a rotunda. In the center of the dome there is an opening| |hills and mountains nearby. The longest aqueduct was over 59 miles |

|to the sky called an oculus. The temple was designed to remind | |long. The aqueducts had to be carefully constructed so that they |

|Romans of the heavens and as a way to stay connected to the gods. | |always sloped down hill, so the water would run towards the city. |

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|aqueduct | | |

|[pic] |Roman bath-houses were an important part of Roman citizens social | |

|Some of the aqueducts travel across large arches above ground, but |life. Most Romans went to the bath-houses daily, after work, to | |

|most are tunnels or channels underground. |exercise, bathe, and then socialize or be entertained. The warm | |

| |baths were heated by a special furnace called a hypocaust, designed | |

| |by the Romans. Included in the larger bath-houses were things such | |

| |as gardens, libraries, and food courts. | |

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Veni, Vidi, Vici!

I came, I saw,

I conqured!

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