Grammar Practice Workbook - PC\|MAC
Grammar and Composition
Grammar Practice Workbook
Grade 8
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer's Choice. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240
ISBN 0-07-823354-2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 024 04 03 02 01 00 ii
Contents
Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10
Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13
Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences
8.1?2 8.3?5 8.6
Sentences and Sentence Fragments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Simple and Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Nouns
9.1?2, 5 Kinds of Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
9.3?4 Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and Contractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9.6
Appositives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Verbs
10.2 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.3 Verbs with Indirect Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 10.4 Linking Verbs and Predicate Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 10.5 Present and Past Tenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10.6 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 10.7 Progressive Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10.8 Perfect Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 10.9 Expressing Future Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10.10 Active and Passive Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10.11?12 Irregular Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Pronouns
11.1 11.2 11.4?5 11.6 11.7
Personal Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Pronouns and Antecedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Possessive and Indefinite Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Interrogative and Demonstrative Pronouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Adjectives and Adverbs
12.1?2 12.3?4 12.5 12.6 12.8
Adjectives, Articles, and Proper Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Comparative, Superlative, and Demonstrative Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Comparative and Superlative Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Avoiding Double Negatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections
13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4?5 13.7
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adverbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Finding All the Parts of Speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
iii
Contents
Unit 14
Unit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17 Unit 19 Unit 20
Clauses and Complex Sentences
14.1?2 14.3?4 14.5 14.6
Sentences, Clauses, and Complex Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Adjective Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Adverb Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Noun Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Verbals
15.1 Participles and Participial Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 15.2 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 15.3 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Subject-Verb Agreement
16.1, 5 16.2 16.3?4
Making Subjects and Verbs Agree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Problems with Locating the Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Special Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Glossary of Special Usage Problems
17.1?3 Using Troublesome Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Capitalization
19.1?2 Capitalization I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 19.3?4 Capitalization II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Punctuation
20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7?8 20.9?10
Using the Period and Other End Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Using Commas I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Using Commas II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Using Commas III. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Using Semicolons and Colons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Using Quotation Marks and Italics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Using Apostrophes, Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Using Abbreviations and Writing Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
iv
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
8.1?2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments
Key Information A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. Each sentence has a subject part that names whom or what the sentence is about and a predicate part that tells what the subject does or has. The predicate may also tell what the subject is or is like. There are four types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative. A sentence fragment is a group of words that lacks either a subject, a predicate, or both. A fragment does not express a complete thought.
s A. Identifying Types of Sentences Decide whether each item is a sentence or a sentence fragment. If it is a sentence, write whether it is declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative, and add the correct end mark. If it is a sentence fragment, write fragment.
1. I will be there by 8:15 in the morning.__d_e_c_la_ra_t_iv_e________________________________ 2. Saving a seat for me __fr_ag_m__e_nt________________________________________________ 3. Please be on time. __im__p_er_a_ti_v_e________________________________________________ 4. Ouch! I stubbed my toe!__e_x_cl_a_m_a_to_r_y__________________________________________ 5. What do you know about that speaker? __in_t_e_rr_o_ga_t_iv_e______________________________ 6. I can count on you.__d_e_c_la_ra_t_iv_e_______________________________________________ 7. Pick up your books and go to the exit. _i_m_p_e_ra_t_iv_e________________________________ 8. Can't recall ever hearing a better speech __f_ra_g_m__e_n_t ____________________________________
s B. Writing Complete Sentences Correct the following fragments by writing them as complete sentences.
1. At least once a week Each sentence should have a subject and a predicate __________________a_nd__b_e_c_o_rr_ec_t_ly_p_u_n_c_tu_a_t_ed_.__________________________________
2. Definitely will not _______________________________________________________________________
3. After school on the playground _______________________________________________________________________
4. No one in the room _______________________________________________________________________
Writer's Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 8, Unit 8 1
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