Medical Terms WW1
GLOSSARY of MEDICAL TERMS and DISEASES
Diagnosed by Medical Officers of the Tunnellers
Abscess Painful, infected area where pus forms
Adenitis Inflammation of a Gland
Albuminuria Album in urine a sign of kidney damage
Amblyopia Dimness of Vision
Anaemia Disorder of the blood
Anchylosis Fusion of joint – bones grow together
Ankylostomaisis Hookworm disease – parasitic worm living in intestine
Angioma Benign growth consisting of small blood vessels that can bleed profusely if breached
Aortic Bruit Vascular murmur – unusual sound
Aphonia Loss of voice or ability to speak normally and only in whispers
Appendicitis Inflammation of appendix requiring removal
Arthritis Ankles & Feet only – joints are sites of rheumatic disease
Arthritis Crippling disease of joint linings, cartilage swollen & painful with limited movement, stiff and painful, unable to move properly
Astigmatism Eye defect causing blurred vision
Balanitis Inflammation of Glans Penis
Boils Raised, tender pus-filled areas
Bronchitis Inflammation of bronchial tubes – acute or chronic
Bronchopneumonia Inflammation of lungs, air passages leading to lung tissue
Bursitis Painful inflammation and swelling of Bursa, caused by kneeling
on hard surface.
Burns & scalds Injuries to skin caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation
Cancer Development of malignant cells
Carbuncle Red, swollen and painful cluster of boils connected under the skin
Cardio Vascular Disease Circulation of blood in heart, arteries, capillaries and veins
Catarrh Discharge from mucous membrane
Frontal Cararrh Discharge from mucous membrane (face)
Cellulitis of leg Infection of skin giving hard, red, shiny appearance
Chancre Painless ulcer first symptom of Syphilis
Chancroid Sexually transmitted disease STD – painful sores on genitalia
Cholecystitis Inflammation of gall bladder
Crepitation Crackling sound - lungs
Coccydynia Pain in coccyx area – lowest spine bone
Concussion Temporary loss of consciousness by trauma to head
Conjunctivitis Inflammation of membrane lining eyeball and inner eyelid surface
Constipation Painful emptying of bowel
Corneal Ulcer Inflammation of the Cornea (front of the eyeball)
Coryza Inflammation of upper respiratory tract – Common Cold
Cyanosis blue-purple discolouration of skin and mucous membranes due to loss of oxygen
Cysts Lump, internal or external filled with liquid or semi-liquid
Cystitis Inflammation of the Bladder
DAH Disordered Action of Heart
Deafness Partial or total loss of hearing
Debility Weakness, loss of power in muscles, a symptom of disease
Defective Vision Impairment of the sense of sight
Delusional Insanity False conception of reality
Dental Caries Tooth decay
Dermatitis Inflammation of skin with a large variety of causes
Diarrhoea Excessive discharge of bowel material / watery discharge
Dysentery Infection of intestinal tract
Dyspepsia Deranged or impaired digestion
Dyspnoea Breathless on exertion
Eczema Skin condition characterised by red, itchy rash and blisters
Ecchymosis of eyelids Ruptured Blood Vessels
Edentulous Lacking teeth, toothless
Effort Syndrome Also called Soldier’s Heart. Nervous heart or cardiac neurosis.
Patient exhibits a group of symptoms he thinks are heart disease but
has a healthy heart. Underlying disorder is anxiety.
Emphysema Air sacs of lung rupture and coalesce, reducing effective breathing
Emphysematous A chronic, irreversible disease of lungs characterised by abnormal enlargement of air spaces accompanied by destruction of lung tissue lining the wall of the air spaces.
Empyema Pus forms in chest. Cavity made to drain lungs in pneumonia
Encephalitis Acute inflammation of the brain
Endocarditis Disease of heart muscle
Enteric fever Term describing Typhoid Fever, Paratyphoid or Paratyphoid B.
Enteritis Inflammation of intestine
Epididymitis Infection of the epididymis generally caused by a bacterial infection
causing pain, swelling and inflammation.
Erythema a skin inflammation that results in reddish, painful, tender lumps
Exudate Fluid in normal process of wound healing
Fern Vein
Fibrosis of Lungs Scar or fibrous tissue in Lungs
Filariasis Tropical disease cause by thread-like parasitic worms, resulting in
large swellings. e.g. elephantitis
Fistula A passage or hole formed between body and skin
Folliculitis Inflammation & formation of pimples due to infection of hair follicles
Follicular Tonsillitis Bacterial infection of tonsils
Flat Feet Sole of foot rests flat on the ground
Fractured Phalanx Any of the bones of the fingers
Furunculosis Boils
Gleet Inflammation of urethra – advanced STD
Gonorrhoea Contagious disease contracted through sexual contact
Granulating Surface of wound in healing process
Haematuria Presence of blood in urine
Haemorrhoids / Piles Enlarged vein in wall of ano-rectal canal
Hallux Valgus Foot condition in which big toe points towards other toes
Hammer Toe Deformity of bones in big or greater toe
Hemoptysis Expectoration of blood
Hernia Right Inguinal hernia / double hernia
Hepatic vessels in meso-colon mesenteric organ of intestinal colon
Herpes pedis Inflammation of skin accompanied by clusters of small blisters - feet
Herpes Zoster Shingles – Inflammation of skin by clusters of small blisters
Hookworm Disease Ankylostomaisis – parasitic worm living in intestine
Hydrocele Collection of watery fluid in sac-like body cavity usually scrotum
Hypermetropia Long sightedness
Hypertrophy Tonsils Excessive thickening or growth in tonsils
ICT Inflammation of connective tissues
Icterus Jaundice – liver disorder
Impetigo Contagious skin infection
Influenza Acute, infectious disease caused by a virus accompanied by chills,
fever, headache, aches and pain, weakness, appetite loss & mucous
Internal deranged knee a torn, ruptured or deranged meniscus of the knee
Intraperitoneal Membrane of abdomen
Iritis Inflammation of the iris
Ichthyosis Hereditary condition – dry and scaly skin creating horny substance on surface of skin
Jaundice A disorder showing yellowish to whites of eyes and skin. Icterus or
Liver disorder
Keratitis Inflammation of the Cornea (front of the eyeball)
Laparotomy Surgery to abdomen
Laryngitis Inflammation of voice box or larynx with hoarseness (Gassed)
Leucoma Dense white corneal opacity - eye
Ligation of veins Surgical tying of veins through a small incision in the skin to prevent pooling of blood
Lipoma Fatty Benign Tumour
Loose Cartilage due to accidental injury
Lumbago Pain in lower back after sprain, strain or ligament damage
Malaria Disease of acute attacks of chills & high fever caused by parasite
spread by bites from mosquitoes
Measles / Morbilli Contagious disease caused by virus – rash on face, neck & body
Melancholia dementia Profound emptiness and inactivity – loss of pleasure and interest
Meningitis Inflammation of membranes covering brain and spinal cord
Mitral disease Rheumatic disease of mitral valve of the heart
Double Mitral disease Dual-flap of bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve
Momentary loss of voice After gas attack on the front
Mumps Contagious disease caused by virus with swelling of face & neck
Myalgia Muscular Pain caused by strain, inflammation or heavy exertion
Myocarditis Inflammation of the muscular substance of the heart
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle, particularly shoulders and hips
Nephritis Inflammation of Kidneys
Neurasthenia Nervous condition, constantly worried to point of exhaustion
Neuritis Inflammation of nerves of peripheral nervous system
Nystagmus Disorder of eyes referred as slant eye—the vision became oblique
Safety lamps were often the cause and often naked light was preferred as it was better illumination.
NYD Not Yet Diagnosed
Oedema Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body producing swelling
Omentum Supportive layer of abdomen
Onycholysis Loosening of top & sides of nail caused by infection or excessive
exposure to water containing harsh solvents
Orchitis Inflammation of testicles – a complication after mumps or infection
Orthopnoea Extreme shortness of breath relieved by standing up – occurs in
Congestive heart failure
Osteitis Inflammation of bone
Otitis Inflammation of ear
Otitis Media Middle ear infection
Otosclerosis Hardening of ear bones
Papilloma Tumour from outgrowth in mucous membrane caused by virus, chemicals or other factors
Paratyphoid Fever Infectious disease like Typhoid Fever
Parotitis Inflammation of Parotoid one of the Salivary glands in the neck
Parotitis Mumps
Periostitis Inflammation of Periosteum (bone tissue)
Pediculosis Infested with lice
Peritonsillar Abscess Severe inflammation of the throat (known as Quinsy)
Pharyngitis Infection of Pharynx
Phthisis Old name for TB – wasting away of tissues
Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura, the double membrane that covers each lung and lines the chest cavity
Pleuropneumonia Inflammation of both the pleura and lungs
Pneumoconiosis Fibrosis of the Lungs (Fibrous tissue growth in lungs) Miners Complaint
Pneumothorax Collapsed lung or presence of air or gas in chest cavity between membrane layers and pleura
Pneumonia Lobar Bacteria affecting one or more lobes of the lung
Polypus Tumour projecting from mucus membrane
Prostatitis Inflammation of Prostate Gland
Presbyopia Loss of vision of things near
Purpura Disease characterised by purple or vivid spots on the skin or mucous membrane, caused by the extravasation of blood
Pyrexia P U O Fever of Uncertain or Unknown Origin
Rales Clicking or rattling lung sounds
Renal Abscess Abscess is a localized collection of pus in a hollow area formed by the breaking up of tissues. Renal denotes - in the kidney
Rheumatism Term for group of disorders involving pain in joints, bones & tissues
Rhinitis Inflammation of mucous membranes lining nose, causing running nose
Rhonchi Name for harsh wheezing sounds made by a person suffering from
Bronchitis
Rose Measles Rubella highly contagious viral disease
Scabies A skin irritation caused by Itch Mite whose eggs are laid under the
skin’s outer layer.
Scalded leg & foot Burn injury caused by hot liquid or gas
Sciatica Pain in Sciatic nerve (lower back to legs) inflammation of nerve
Senility Decline or deterioration of physical strength or mental functioning
Shell Shock & Shell Shock Neurosis Bursting shells cause a vacuum-air rushes into this vacuum and
disturbs cerebro-spinal fluid upsetting the working of the brain
Early symptoms include tiredness, irritability, giddiness, lack of
concentration, headaches moving to mental breakdowns, shaking
with ague (fit of fever), uncontrollable to speechless.
Silicosis Disease of lungs caused by breathing rock dust - Miners’ complaint
Sinusitis Inflammation of the nasal membranes
Snow Blindness Damage to optic nerve by severe brightness
Social Diseases Chancre, Gleet, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Venereal disease (VD)
Somnambulism Generally known as sleep-walking
Sprained Back Joint injury involving tearing of ligaments
Sprained Knee Joint injury involving tearing of ligaments
Stomatitis Inflammation of mouth, Trench Mouth, Vincent’s Angina, Thrush
Synovitis Tissue lining lubricates certain joints during movement becomes
Inflamed
Syphilis Sexually transmitted disease STD – bacteria starts a painless ulcer
Systolic Bruit Abnormal sound in systole
Systolic Murmur Defect in rhythmic contraction of heart
Tachycardia Rapid Heart Rate
Tendinitis Inflammation of tendon, a band of tissue anchoring muscle to bone
Trachitis Inflammation of Trachea
Transverse Myelitis Inflammation of spinal cord
Tonsillitis Inflammation of tonsils
Trench Angina Bleeding from gums also known as Vincent’s Angina
Trench Fever A recurrent fever, often suffered by soldiers in trenches in World War I, caused by a rickettsia transmitted by the body louse
Trench Feet Caused by constant wet feet in boots and wet socks
Tricuspid Valve to right heart ventricle
Tuberculosis TB infectious disease, frequently affects the lungs
Tympanum Medical term for ear drum
Urethritis Inflammation of Urethra
Urticaria Hives
Varicocele Varicose veins in scrotum
Varicose veins Knotted blood vessels usually in legs
VDH Valvular Disease of heart – endocarditis – defects of heart valves
Venereal Disease Sexually transmitted disease STD /VD infections passed from one to another
Venesection (Phlebotomy) removing blood from circulatory system
Vincent’s Angina Bleeding from gums also called Trench Angina.
© Donna Baldey
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