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-152400190500 Name:Teacher:Form:A2- Biology Student GuideUnit 4 Respiration3.4.4 In respiration, glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and the remaining steps in the mitochondria. ATP synthesis is associated with the electron transfer chain in the membranes of mitochondria.Assessment:Written test Date of test ___________________Target Attainment Grade:How will I achieve this?Evaluation:Self assessed learning grade ____Comments – (What can I do differently next time I do this?)Teacher assessed learning grade ____Comments:Effective Learning 1-Excellent; 2-Good; 3-Needs to improve; 4-Cause for concernIndependent LearningDo you work outside of formal learning sessions? Are you able to demonstrate independent learning? Questioning Do you interrogate material/resources Ask your LT / peers sensible, in depth questions Question sources of information Planning Do you read additional material in preparation for the session Plan your work in advance Use assessment criteria to plan your tasks Review/Amend Do you look back at notes/tasks and review them regularly Amend tasks having spoke/discussed with others or read more widely Amend/review after advice from LTs Active listening Listen to understand Be proactive and contribute in sessions/activities Listen to other students in the group Collaboration Work effectively with others in the group Take part in group work to ensure that everyone is involved Take a range of roles within group work to encourage effective collaborationSPECIFICATIONAssessable Learning OutcomesCovered How did I review this?Aerobic RespirationAerobic respiration in such detail as to show that? glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and involves the oxidation of glucose topyruvate with a net gain of ATP and reduced NAD? pyruvate combines with coenzyme A in the link reaction to produceacetylcoenzyme A? in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions the Krebs cycle generates reduced coenzymes and ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, and carbon dioxide is lost? acetylcoenzyme A is effectively a two carbon molecule that combines with a four carbon molecule to produce a six carbon molecule which enters the Krebs cycle? synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is associated with the transfer of electrons down the electron transport chain and passage of protons across mitochondrial membranes.Anaerobic Respiration? Glycolysis followed by the production of ethanol or lactate and the regeneration of NAD in anaerobic respiration.KEY WORDSkeyworddefinitionOxidationReductionATPNADReduced NADGlycolysisPhosphorylated GlucoseSubstrate Level PhosphorylationTriose PhosphatePyruvateActivation energyLink reactionacetateCoenzyme AAcetylCoACarboxylationDehydrogenationKrebs CycleOxaloacetateCitrateFAD/ reduced FADFatty acidAmino AcidElectron Transport ChainOxidative PhosphorylationRedox reactionsMatrixMitochondrial Intermembrane spaceChemiosmosis theoryCyanideFermentationLactic acidEthanalEthanol fermentationOxidation of reduced NADOligomycinLiver CirrhosisManometerResources and suggested Reading: find this document on the MLE to be able to click the links.Copies of Biological Science review can be found in the library : see the MLE for the index of past articles awesome BozemanQ1.????????? A student investigated the rate of gas exchange in aerobically respiring seeds using the apparatus shown in the diagram. She carried out two experiments.?????????In Experiment 1, she put potassium hydroxide solution in the beaker. Potassium hydroxidesolution absorbs carbon dioxide.?????????In Experiment 2, she put water in the beaker.(a)?????Both experiments were carried out at the same temperature. Explain why.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(b)?????(i)????? The level of coloured liquid in the right-hand side of the manometer tubewent down during Experiment 1. Explain why...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Extra space) .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)The results from both experiments are shown in the table.?ExperimentSolution in beakerFall in volume of coloured liquid inright-hand side of manometer / cm31Potassium hydroxide52Water1(ii)?????Use these results to calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced duringExperiment 1.???????????????????????????????????????????????????Answer = ..................................... cm3(1)(c) ????The student repeated Experiment 1 using seeds which were respiring anaerobically.What would happen to the level of coloured liquid in the right-hand side of the manometer tube? Explain your answer.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(Total 8 marks)??Q2.????????? (a)???? The main stages in anaerobic respiration in yeast are shown in the diagram.(i)????? Name process X..............................................................................................................(1)(ii)???? Give one piece of evidence from the diagram which suggests that the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol involves reduction...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)(iii)???? Explain why converting pyruvate to ethanol is important in allowing the continued production of ATP in anaerobic respiration........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (2)(b)???? Give two ways in which anaerobic respiration of glucose in yeast is(i)????? similar to anaerobic respiration of glucose in a muscle cell;1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(ii)???? different from anaerobic respiration of glucose in a muscle cell.1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(c)???? Some students investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast. The apparatus they used is shown in the diagram. The yeast suspension was mixed with glucose solution and the volume of gas collected in five minutes was recorded.(i)????? Each student repeated the experiment and the results were pooled. Explain the advantages of collecting a large number of results.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(ii)???? At 30 °C, one student obtained the following results.?Volume of gas collected in 5 minutes / cm3Result 1Result 2Result 338.327.629.4Calculate the mean rate of gas production. Give your answer in cm3 s–1.??Answer ............................... cm3 s–1(2)(iii)???? If aerobic respiration had been investigated rather than anaerobic respiration, how would you expect the volumes of gas collected at 30°C to differ from these results?Explain your answer...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)(Total 15 marks)?.??????????(a)???? ATP is useful in many biological processes. Explain why..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(4)(b)???? Describe how ATP is made in mitochondria......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Extra space) ................................................................................................. (6)(c)???? Plants produce ATP in their chloroplasts during photosynthesis. They also produce ATP during respiration. Explain why it is important for plants to produce ATP during respiration in addition to during photosynthesis........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Extra space) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (5)(Total 15 marks)?Q4.????????? (a)???? Describe the part played by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion in producing ATP.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)(b)???? A scientist investigated ATP production in a preparation of isolated mitochondria. He suspended the mitochondria in an isotonic solution and added a suitable respiratory substrate together with ADP and phosphate. He bubbled oxygen through the preparation.(i)????? Why was the solution in which the mitochondria were suspended isotonic?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)(ii)???? Explain why the scientist did not use glucose as the respiratory substrate..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(iii)???? Explain why the oxygen concentration would change during this investigation...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)(Total 7 marks)?Q5.????????? Each of the following statements refers to a process that occurs either during photosynthesis or during respiration. A 6C compound refers to a compound whose molecules contain six carbon atoms, 5C refers to a compound with five carbon atoms, and so on.For each statement, give as precisely as possible the stage of photosynthesis or respiration and the names of the compounds.(a)???? A 6C compound is broken down into two 3C compounds.Stage ...........................................................................................................6C compound ..............................................................................................3C compound ...............................................................................................(2)(b)???? A 5C compound is combined with a 1C compound.Stage ............................................................................................................5C compound ...............................................................................................1C compound ...............................................................................................(2)(c)???? 3C compounds are combined to form a 6C compound.Stage ...........................................................................................................3C compound ..............................................................................................6C compound ..............................................................................................(2)(Total 6 marks)Q6.????????? The diagram represents two of the stages of aerobic respiration that take place in a mitochondrion.(a)???? Name substance X.......................................................................................................................(1)(b)???? Which stage of aerobic respiration takes place inside a mitochondrion and is not represented on the diagram?......................................................................................................................(1)(c)???? Explain why oxygen is needed for the production of ATP on the cristae of the mitochondrion.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)(Total 5 marks) ................
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