Journal of Business and Management

J.B.M.

Vol. 19 No. 1

Journal of Business

and Management

Editors

Amy E. Hurley-Hanson, Ph.D.

Cristina M. Giannantonio, Ph.D.

Academic Reflections on the

Life and Career of Steve Jobs

Published by Chapman University¡¯s Argyros School of Business and Economics

Sponsored by the Western Decision Sciences Institute

WDSI

WDSI

WESTERN DECISION SCIENCES INSTITUTE

The Western Decision Sciences Institute is a regional division of the Decision Sciences

Institute. WDSI serves its interdisciplinary academic and business members primarily

through the organization of an annual conference and the publication of the Journal of

Business and Management. The conference and journal allow academicians and business

professionals from all over the world to share information and research with respect to all

aspects of education, business, and organizational decisions.

PRESIDENT

David Yen

SUNY College at Oneonta

PRESIDENT-ELECT

Hamdi Bilici

California State University, Long Beach

PROGRAM CHAIR/VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROGRAMS/PROCEEDINGS EDITOR

Debbie Gilliard

Metropolitan State College, Denver

ISSN: 1535-668X

Editorial Offices:

Journal of Business and Management

Argyros School of Business and Economics

Chapman University

One University Drive

Orange, CA 92866

Fax: (714) 532-6081

E-mail: jbm@chapman.edu

Submission information is available on our website: chapman.edu/jbm

VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROGRAMS-ELECT

John Bell

University of Tennessee

VICE PRESIDENT FOR MEMBER SERVICES

Natasa Christodoulidou

California State University, Dominguez Hills

SECRETARY/TREASURER

Sheldon R. Smith

Utah Valley University

DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Abbas Heiat

Montana State University, Billings

IMMEDIATE PAST-PRESIDENT

Sheldon R. Smith

Utah Valley University

REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENT

Richard L. Jenson

Utah State University

The Journal of Business and Management is published by Chapman University¡¯s Argyros School of Business and Economics

with the sponsorship of the Western Decision Sciences Institute. The primary editorial objective of the Journal of Business

and Management is to provide a forum for the dissemination of theory and research in all areas of business, management,

and organizational decisions which would be of interest to academics and practitioners.

The views expressed in published articles are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the editors, editorial board,

WDSI or Chapman University.

Copyright @ 2013 Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University.

Journal of Business and Management ¨C Vol. 19, No. 1, 2013

Journal of Business and Management

Volume 19, Number 1

2013

EDITORS

Amy E. Hurley-Hanson, Chapman University

Cristina M. Giannantonio, Chapman University

Special Issue:

Academic Reflections on the Life and Career of Steve Jobs

J.B.M.

Journal of Business

and Management

EDITORS

Amy E. Hurley-Hanson, Chapman University

Cristina M. Giannantonio, Chapman University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Nancy Borkowski

Florida International University

Krishna S. Dhir

Berry College

Sonia M. Goltz

Michigan Tech University

Miles G. Nicholls

RMIT University

Richard L. Jenson

Utah State University

Terri A. Scandura

University of Miami

Jeffrey A. Sonnenfeld

Yale University

Victor H. Vroom

Yale University

PAST EDITORS

Burhan Yavas, California State University Dominguez Hills 1993-1999

Raymond Hogler, Colorado State University 2000-2004

EDITORIAL STAFF

Rosalinda Monroy, Chapman University, Strategic Marketing and Communications

Jaclyn Witt, Editorial Assistant

Journal of Business and Management ¨C Vol. 19, No. 1, 2013

iii

We would like to thank the many ad hoc reviewers who shared their expertise to

review the manuscripts submitted to JBM. Their time and effort greatly contributed to

the Journal of Business and Management.

Susan Wills Amat

University of Miami

James Moore

Indiana University-Purdue University

Fort Wayne

Natasa Christodoulidou

California State University Dominguez Hills

Katharina Oerder

Universitat Bonn

Christina L. Frye

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Asbjorn Osland

San Jose State University

Suidpta Ghosh

Vidyasagar University, Midnapore

Jay H. Rhee

Korea University Business School

Debora J. Gilliard

Metropolitan State College

Sharon Segrest

University of South Florida, St. Petersburg

Thomas E. Griffin

Nova Southeastern University

Lei Wang

The University of Texas Pan-American

Owen P. Hall Jr

Pepperdine University

John L. Wilson

Nova Southeastern University

Mary F. Hazeldine

Georgia Southern University

Ryan Young

University of Alberta

Ronald D. Johnson

North Dakota State University

Michelle Lane

Gordon Ford College of Business

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