Global History 9th - Home
DO NOW: Read the quote below and paraphrase what you think it means:“Judge of a man by his questions rather than by his answers.”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How does the quote represent the thinking of the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Directions: Read about the different philosophers. Annotate by:-Underline key ideas and theories + Circle words you don’t understand-* for agreements and write why-? For question marks and write your question-Paraphrase what the “Thinker” believes your government should doCANDIDE - 1762 - VOLTAIRE“I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”It is forbidden to kill; therefore all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets."Work keeps at bay three great evils: boredom, vice, and need."Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.What would Voltaire Recommend for your Desert Island Government?I think your government should _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.TWO TREATSIES OF GOVERNMENT - 1690 - John LockeIf man in the state of nature is free, if he is absolute lord of his own person and possessions [things that he owns], why5359718200025Source: 5359718200025will he give up his freedom? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve his life, liberty, and property. ...as far as we have any light from history, we have reason to conclude, that all peaceful beginnings of government have been laid in the consent of the people.[When] the legislature shall . . . grasp [for] themselves, or put into the hands of any other, an absolute power over their lives, liberties, and estates of the people, . . . they forfeit [give up] the power the people had put into their hands for and it [passes] to the people, who have a right to resume their original liberty. . . . What would John Locke Recommend for your Desert Island Government?I think your government should _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.THE SPIRIT OF LAWS - 1748 - BARON DE MONTESQUIEU519112566675Political liberty is to be found only in moderate governments; and even in these it is not always found. It is there only when there is no abuse of power: but constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it, and to carry his authority as far as it will go. To prevent this abuse, it is necessary, from the very nature of things, that power should be a check to power...In order to have this liberty, it is requisite [required] the government be so constituted [created] as one man need not be afraid of another. When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates [government employees], there can be no liberty. . . . Again, there is no liberty if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive…What would Baron de Montesquieu Recommend for your Desert Island Government?THE SOCIAL CONTRACT - 1762 - JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU5362575-47624Source: the establishment of the political body as a real contract between the people and the chiefs chosen by them: a contract by which both parties bind themselves to observe the laws therein expressed, which form the ties of their union. From whatever side we approach our principle, we reach the same conclusion, that the social compact [contract] sets up among the citizens an equality of such a kind, that they all bind themselves to observe the same conditions and should therefore all enjoy the same rights.What would Rousseau Recommend for your Desert Island Government?I think your government should _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.Directions: Use the information from previous activities in class to fill in the graphic organizer below. Enlightenment ThinkerMnemonica helpful way to remember something Most Well-Known IdeasHow might these ideas affect a country under absolute rule?John Locke (1632-1704)Locke: Life, Liberty, and Land (Property)Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)Mont-es-quieuThree Syllables! Three Branches of Government!Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)RousseauHis name has two s’s in it. His big idea starts with an s, Social Contract.Voltaire (1694-1778)VoltaireHis name starts with a “v” just like the word VOICE and Voltaire supported the freedom of expression. On the constitution below, write down five features of your new government and for each features identify which Enlightenment philosopher inspired the idea. A constitution is a document that details the parts of a government and how they work. -371474257175The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the Government Philosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________-371474257175Regents Multiple Choice - Check For Understanding1. Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason? (1) Pax Romana (2) Middle Ages (3) Age of Exploration (4) Scientific Revolution2. In Two Treatises of Government, John Locke wrote that the purpose of government was to (1) keep kings in power (2) regulate the economy (3) expand territory (4) protect natural rights3. One contribution that John Locke made to Enlightenment philosophy was the idea that (1) absolute monarchies should continue (2) the punishment should fit the crime (3) individual rights should be denied (4) governments should be based on the consent of the people4. Which statement expresses an idea of the Enlightenment? (1) The king is sacred and answers only to God. (2) History is a continuous struggle between social classes. (3) Those who are the most fit will survive and succeed. (4) All individuals have natural rights.5. Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would (1) prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power (2) restore authority to the Roman Catholic Church (3) increase corruption of political authority (4) decrease the power of the middle classBase your answer to question 6 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. … Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.… —Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws6. In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to (1) an enlightened despotism (2) a policy of mercantilism (3) a separation of powers (4) a social contract ................
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