Biology Study Guide: Evolution (Chapter 14
Biology Study Guide:
Evolution Unit (Chapter 10.1-10.4 and 11.1-11.6, NOT 11.4, 12.1)
*You may use (1) 3x5 cards for the test that you prepare ahead of time before class starts.
Review the following:
← Review your journal entries from the evolution unit.
← Review worksheets and study guides relative to the above chapters.
← Review lecture notes from this unit.
Understand the following terms and concepts:
Section 12.1
← Distinguish between the 6 types of fossils (see p. 360)
← Know the time of formation (3.5 BYA) and characteristics of early earth (p. 366)
← Review the steps of fossilization (p.361) Which type of rock is best for fossil preservation?
← According to scientific evidence, when did the earth form?_________BYA
← Review the sequence of main events and the era in which they appeared (ie. Presence of 1st organisms, presence of 1st primates, time when humans evolve, etc.)...see p.366
← Know the difference between radiometric and relative dating.
← Review details regarding Darwin and his life (10.2)
← Distinguish between artificial and natural selection.
← Remember…populations of organisms evolve, not individuals.
← Evolution is change over time and is caused by selection pressures like predation, lack of food or water, competition for resources like food and shelter, overpopulation of species.
← Distinguish between structural and physiological adaptations (see lecture notes and text).
← Know the difference between homologous, analogous and vestigial structures (see journal).
o Homologous: DNA
o Analogous: hair
o Vestigial: appendix, wings of flightless birds, tailbones, etc.
← How do similarities in embryo development reveal common ancestry and evolution?
← How are gene pools and allele frequencies related? How can changes in allele frequency affect the evolution of a species?
← The state of a stable species that has not evolved much over time is ___________________.
← How have the Amish populations help to establish genetic drift in humans?
← Speciation occurs through gene flow, bottleneck effect, genetic drift, and the founder effect. Be able to distinguish the difference between these events.
← Distinguish between stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection (p. 416)
← Distinguish between convergent evolution, divergent evolution and adaptive radiation and provide examples of each.
← Review what factors cause speciation. (see p 344-346).
← Know the difference between gradualism, punctuated equilibrium and genetic equilibrium (p.351).
← Review Key Concepts for Ch. 10, 11, and 12.1 at the end of the chapters. (p. 322, 354, 386)
Take the Unit 4 Practice Test: Or Select the appropriate unit from Chapter Resources
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