Physical Sciences Formula Sheet - Past Exam Papers
[Pages:5]NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION EXEMPLAR 2008
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
DATA AND FORMULAE FOR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES PAPER I (PHYSICS) DATA FOR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)
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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXEMPLAR: PHYSICAL SCIENCES: FORMULA SHEET
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TABLE 1 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
NAME Approximate magnitude of acceleration due to gravity Speed of light in a vacuum
Gravitational Constant
Magnitude of charge on electron Mass of an electron
Permittivity of free space
Planck's constant 1 electron volt
SYMBOL g c G e me o h
1 eV
VALUE 10 m?s-2 3,0 x 108 m?s-1 6,7 x 10-11 N?m2?kg-2 1,6 x 10-19 C 9.1 x 10-31 kg 8,9 x 10-12 F?m-1 6,6 x 10-34 J?s 1,6 x 10-19 J
TABLE 2 FORMULAE
v f = vi + at v f 2 = vi 2 + 2ax
v = u + at v 2 = u 2 + 2as
MOTION
x
= v f
+ vi 2
t
x
=
vit
+
1 2
a(t)2
s = v + u t 2
s
=
ut
+
1 2
a(t)2
FORCE F = Gm1m2
r2 p = mv
Fnet t = mv = Fr
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER W = Fx or W = Fs P=W
t P = Fv
F = s FN
Fnet
=
p t
Fnet = ma
MA = FL FA
E p = mgh
Ek
=
1 2
mv 2
F = k FN Fg = mg
IEB Copyright ? 2008
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXEMPLAR: PHYSICAL SCIENCES: FORMULA SHEET
WAVES, LIGHT AND SOUND v = f
T= 1 f
sin n
=
n w
fo
=
v
v - vs
fs
or
E = hf = h
mv
E = hc
E
=
Wf
+
1 2
mv2
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fo
=
v
v + vs
fs
ELECTROSTATICS
F = kQ1Q2 r2
E= F Q
(k = 9 x 109 N?m2?C-2)
E = kQ r2
C
= o
A d
(k = 9 x 109 N?m2?C-2)
ELECTROMAGNETISM
emf = -N t
Vs = Ns Vp Np
V =W Q
E=V d
C= Q V
= BA F = qvB
CURRENT ELECTRICITY Q = It
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... P = VI = I 2 R = V 2
R
R=V I
1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + ... R R1 R2 R3 emf = I (R + r)
ALTERNATING CURRENT
I rms = I max 2
and
Vrms = Vmax
2
X L = 2 f L
and
Vrms = I rms X L
XC
=
1 2fC
and
Vrms = I rms X C
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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXEMPLAR: PHYSICAL SCIENCES: FORMULA SHEET
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TABLE 1 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS Avogadro's constant Molar gas constant Standard pressure Molar gas volume at STP Standard temperature
NA or L R p
Vm T
6,02 x 1023 mol-1 8,31 J.K-1?mol-1 1,013 x 105 Pa 22,4 dm3?mol-1
273 K
TABLE 2 FORMULAE
p1 V1 = p2 V2
T1
T2
pV = nRT
n=m M n
c = V m
c= MV
n A = cA VA n B c BVB
Kw = [H+ ][OH- ] = 10-14 at 298 K
pH = -log[H+ ]
E =E - E
cell oxidising agent
reducing agent
E cell
=E cathode
-
E anode
TABLE 3 PERIODIC TABLE
I II
1 2.1
1 H
1
Atomic number (Z)
Key
1 2.1 Electronegativity
H
3 1.0 4 1.5
2 Li Be
7
9
1 Relative atomic mass
11 0.9 12 1.2
3 Na Mg
23 24.3
III IV V VI VII 0
2
He
4
5 2.0 6 2.5 7 3.0 8 3.5 9 4.0 10
B C N O F Ne
10.8 12 14 16 19 20
13 1.5 14 1.8 15 2.1 16 2.5 17 3.0 18
Al Si P S Cl Ar
27
28
31
32 35.5 40
19 0.8 20 1.0 21 1.3 22 1.5 23 1.6 24 1.6 25 1.5 26 1.8 27 1.8 28 1.8 29 1.9 30 1.6 31 1.6 32 1.8 33 2.0 34 2.4 35 2.8 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65.4 70 72.6 75 79 80 84
37 0.8 38 1.0 39 1.2 40 1.4 41 1.6 42 1.8 43 1.9 44 2.2 45 2.2 46 2.2 47 1.9 48 1.7 49 1.7 50 1.8 51 1.9 52 2.1 53 2.5 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.5 88 89 91 93 96 99 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 121 128 127 131
55 56
6 Cs Ba
133 137.3
87 88
7 Fr Ra
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
178.5 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 200.6 204.4 207 209
-
-
-
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lw
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Increasing oxidising ability Increasing reducing ability
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXEMPLAR: PHYSICAL SCIENCES: FORMULA SHEET
TABLE 4 STANDARD ELECTRODE POTENTIALS
Li+ + e- K+ + e- Cs+ + e- Ba2+ + 2e- Sr2+ + 2e- Ca2+ + 2e- Na+ + e- Mg2+ + 2e- Al3+ + 3e- Mn2+ + 2e- 2H2O + 2e- Zn2+ + 2e- Cr2+ + 2e- Fe2+ + 2e- Cd2+ + 2e- Co2+ + 2e- Ni2+ + 2e- Sn2+ + 2e- Pb2+ + 2e- Fe3+ + 3e- 2H+ + 2e- S + 2H+ + 2e- Sn4+ + 2e- Cu2+ + e- SO42- + 4H+ + 2e- Cu2+ + 2e- 2H2O + O2 + 4e- SO2 + 4H+ + 4e- I2 + 2e- O2(g) + 2H+ + e- Fe3+ + e- Hg2+ + 2e- NO3- + 2H+ + e- Ag+ + e- NO3- + 4H+ + 3e- Br2 + 2e- Pt2+ + 2e- MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e- O2 + 4H+ + 4e- Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- Cl2 + 2e- Au3+ + 3e- MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- H2O2 + 2H+ + e- F2(g) + 2e-
Half ?reaction
Li
K
Cs
Ba
Sr
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Mn
H2(g) + 2OH-
Zn
Cr
Fe
Cd
Co
Ni
Sn
Pb
Fe
H2(g)
H2S(g)
Sn2+
Cu+
SO2(g) + 2H2O
Cu
4OH-
S + 2H2O
2I-
H2O2
Fe2+
Hg
NO2(g) + H2O
Ag
NO(g) + 2H2O
2Br-
Pt
Mn2+ + 2H2O
2H2O
2Cr3+ + 7H2O
2Cl-
Au
Mn2+ + 4H2O
2H2O
2F-
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E?/ volt -3.05 -2.93 -2.92 -2.90 -2.89 -2.87 -2.71 -2.37 -1.66 -1.18 -0.83 -0.76 -0.74 -0.44 -0.40 -0.28 -0.25 -0.14 -0.13 -0.04 0.00 +0.14 +0.15 +0.16 +0.17 +0.34 +0.40 +0.45 +0.54 +0.68 +0.77 +0.79 +0.80 +0.80 +0.96 +1.09 +1.20 +1.21 +1.23 +1.33 +1.36 +1.42 +1.51 +1.77 +2.87
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