Physical Sciences Formula Sheet - Past Exam Papers

[Pages:5]NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION EXEMPLAR 2008

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

DATA AND FORMULAE FOR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES PAPER I (PHYSICS) DATA FOR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

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TABLE 1 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

NAME Approximate magnitude of acceleration due to gravity Speed of light in a vacuum

Gravitational Constant

Magnitude of charge on electron Mass of an electron

Permittivity of free space

Planck's constant 1 electron volt

SYMBOL g c G e me o h

1 eV

VALUE 10 m?s-2 3,0 x 108 m?s-1 6,7 x 10-11 N?m2?kg-2 1,6 x 10-19 C 9.1 x 10-31 kg 8,9 x 10-12 F?m-1 6,6 x 10-34 J?s 1,6 x 10-19 J

TABLE 2 FORMULAE

v f = vi + at v f 2 = vi 2 + 2ax

v = u + at v 2 = u 2 + 2as

MOTION

x

= v f

+ vi 2

t

x

=

vit

+

1 2

a(t)2

s = v + u t 2

s

=

ut

+

1 2

a(t)2

FORCE F = Gm1m2

r2 p = mv

Fnet t = mv = Fr

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER W = Fx or W = Fs P=W

t P = Fv

F = s FN

Fnet

=

p t

Fnet = ma

MA = FL FA

E p = mgh

Ek

=

1 2

mv 2

F = k FN Fg = mg

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WAVES, LIGHT AND SOUND v = f

T= 1 f

sin n

=

n w

fo

=

v

v - vs

fs

or

E = hf = h

mv

E = hc

E

=

Wf

+

1 2

mv2

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fo

=

v

v + vs

fs

ELECTROSTATICS

F = kQ1Q2 r2

E= F Q

(k = 9 x 109 N?m2?C-2)

E = kQ r2

C

= o

A d

(k = 9 x 109 N?m2?C-2)

ELECTROMAGNETISM

emf = -N t

Vs = Ns Vp Np

V =W Q

E=V d

C= Q V

= BA F = qvB

CURRENT ELECTRICITY Q = It

R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... P = VI = I 2 R = V 2

R

R=V I

1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + ... R R1 R2 R3 emf = I (R + r)

ALTERNATING CURRENT

I rms = I max 2

and

Vrms = Vmax

2

X L = 2 f L

and

Vrms = I rms X L

XC

=

1 2fC

and

Vrms = I rms X C

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TABLE 1 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS Avogadro's constant Molar gas constant Standard pressure Molar gas volume at STP Standard temperature

NA or L R p

Vm T

6,02 x 1023 mol-1 8,31 J.K-1?mol-1 1,013 x 105 Pa 22,4 dm3?mol-1

273 K

TABLE 2 FORMULAE

p1 V1 = p2 V2

T1

T2

pV = nRT

n=m M n

c = V m

c= MV

n A = cA VA n B c BVB

Kw = [H+ ][OH- ] = 10-14 at 298 K

pH = -log[H+ ]

E =E - E

cell oxidising agent

reducing agent

E cell

=E cathode

-

E anode

TABLE 3 PERIODIC TABLE

I II

1 2.1

1 H

1

Atomic number (Z)

Key

1 2.1 Electronegativity

H

3 1.0 4 1.5

2 Li Be

7

9

1 Relative atomic mass

11 0.9 12 1.2

3 Na Mg

23 24.3

III IV V VI VII 0

2

He

4

5 2.0 6 2.5 7 3.0 8 3.5 9 4.0 10

B C N O F Ne

10.8 12 14 16 19 20

13 1.5 14 1.8 15 2.1 16 2.5 17 3.0 18

Al Si P S Cl Ar

27

28

31

32 35.5 40

19 0.8 20 1.0 21 1.3 22 1.5 23 1.6 24 1.6 25 1.5 26 1.8 27 1.8 28 1.8 29 1.9 30 1.6 31 1.6 32 1.8 33 2.0 34 2.4 35 2.8 36

4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65.4 70 72.6 75 79 80 84

37 0.8 38 1.0 39 1.2 40 1.4 41 1.6 42 1.8 43 1.9 44 2.2 45 2.2 46 2.2 47 1.9 48 1.7 49 1.7 50 1.8 51 1.9 52 2.1 53 2.5 54

5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

85.5 88 89 91 93 96 99 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 121 128 127 131

55 56

6 Cs Ba

133 137.3

87 88

7 Fr Ra

72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

178.5 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 200.6 204.4 207 209

-

-

-

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lw

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Increasing oxidising ability Increasing reducing ability

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXEMPLAR: PHYSICAL SCIENCES: FORMULA SHEET

TABLE 4 STANDARD ELECTRODE POTENTIALS

Li+ + e- K+ + e- Cs+ + e- Ba2+ + 2e- Sr2+ + 2e- Ca2+ + 2e- Na+ + e- Mg2+ + 2e- Al3+ + 3e- Mn2+ + 2e- 2H2O + 2e- Zn2+ + 2e- Cr2+ + 2e- Fe2+ + 2e- Cd2+ + 2e- Co2+ + 2e- Ni2+ + 2e- Sn2+ + 2e- Pb2+ + 2e- Fe3+ + 3e- 2H+ + 2e- S + 2H+ + 2e- Sn4+ + 2e- Cu2+ + e- SO42- + 4H+ + 2e- Cu2+ + 2e- 2H2O + O2 + 4e- SO2 + 4H+ + 4e- I2 + 2e- O2(g) + 2H+ + e- Fe3+ + e- Hg2+ + 2e- NO3- + 2H+ + e- Ag+ + e- NO3- + 4H+ + 3e- Br2 + 2e- Pt2+ + 2e- MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e- O2 + 4H+ + 4e- Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- Cl2 + 2e- Au3+ + 3e- MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- H2O2 + 2H+ + e- F2(g) + 2e-

Half ?reaction

Li

K

Cs

Ba

Sr

Ca

Na

Mg

Al

Mn

H2(g) + 2OH-

Zn

Cr

Fe

Cd

Co

Ni

Sn

Pb

Fe

H2(g)

H2S(g)

Sn2+

Cu+

SO2(g) + 2H2O

Cu

4OH-

S + 2H2O

2I-

H2O2

Fe2+

Hg

NO2(g) + H2O

Ag

NO(g) + 2H2O

2Br-

Pt

Mn2+ + 2H2O

2H2O

2Cr3+ + 7H2O

2Cl-

Au

Mn2+ + 4H2O

2H2O

2F-

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E?/ volt -3.05 -2.93 -2.92 -2.90 -2.89 -2.87 -2.71 -2.37 -1.66 -1.18 -0.83 -0.76 -0.74 -0.44 -0.40 -0.28 -0.25 -0.14 -0.13 -0.04 0.00 +0.14 +0.15 +0.16 +0.17 +0.34 +0.40 +0.45 +0.54 +0.68 +0.77 +0.79 +0.80 +0.80 +0.96 +1.09 +1.20 +1.21 +1.23 +1.33 +1.36 +1.42 +1.51 +1.77 +2.87

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