Grammar 9 - Mesa Public Schools
Grammar 9 Name_______________________
Phrases and Clauses Period____________
Phrase:
A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and does not contain a verb and its subject.
* will be trying (verb phrase no subject)
* Between you and me (prepositional phrase, no verb no subject)
Different types of phrases
1. Prepositional Phrases: usually tell: when or where the action takes place
* We will meet at 4p.m.
* The car is in the garage
2. Noun Phrases: the noun + all of its modifiers
* The long and winding road extends to the horizon.
3. Appositive Phrases: a renaming or amplification of a word that immediately precedes it.
* My English teacher, the fabulous Mr. Webster, is cool.
If a group of words has a subject and a verb, the group of words is NOT a phrase
* We bought a used car (subject – we, verb - bought)
* After she had left (subject – she, verb- had left)
Clauses:
A clause is a group of words that contains a verb and its subject, and is used as part of a sentence
Different types of clauses
1. Independent Clauses (IC) a.k.a sentences : A independent clause (or main clause) express a complete thought and can stand by itself.
* Ms. Torres cut pieces of stained glass with a diamond wheel, and her partner put the pieces together with wax and lead
2. Dependent Clauses (DC) a.k.a. subordinate clauses: A dependent or subordinate clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone.
* before the bell rings (subject – bell, verb – rings)
* because he is proud (subject – he, verb – is)
* after it stopped raining (subject – it, verb – stopped)
CAVEAT (warning)
• Like a phrase, a clause is a word group used as part of a sentence. The difference is that a clause contains a verb and its subject, while the phrase does not
Identify the following as a phrase or clause
1. leaving behind the dog
2. since she laughs at different men
3. before the first test
4. after the devastation
5. between ignorance and intelligence
6. when the saints go marching in
7. because of her glittering smile
Identify the following as a P, IC, DC
8. I despise individuals of low character
9. between the two actors
10. Obediah Simpson is uglier than a rabid racoon
11. smashing into a fence
12. because she smiled at him.
GRAMMAR 9 HOMEWORK
Part I: Identify the following as either a phrase (P) or clause (C) and explain why you know this.
Dorothy and the Scarecrow danced
if Toto could talk
witches in dark suits wear ruby slippers
since one size fits all girls from Kansas
L. Frank Baum wrote the story for his daughter
an ineffective leader portrayed as a wizard
lions and tigers and bears
while characters represented different groups in American society
the tin man as industrial workers
Oz is short for ounce and referred to the gold standard
Part II: Identify each boldfaced group of words by writing P for a phrase, IC for an independent clause, and DC for a dependent clause and explain why you know this.
1. After Anthony worked all summer as a waiter, he bought a car.
2. The king issued a proclamation against shooting bears in the region.
3. When the sun is close to the horizon, it looks larger.
4. Since Cleo moved to New York six months ago, she has had three jobs.
5. There were no newspapers in America until one was published in Boston in 1690.
6. Climbing the stairs to the top of the Washington Monument requires endurance.
7. The person who is climbing the hill is my mother.
8. If you have solved that puzzle, I’ll give you a more difficult one.
9. After making several comparisons, Greg was ready to buy a stereo.
10. When Katrina arrived home after the late band practice, she was tired.
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