Grammar and Language Workbook - Weebly

[Pages:351]GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS

Grammar and Language Workbook

GRADE 6

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Contents

Handbook of Definitions and Rules .........................1 Troubleshooter ........................................................23

Part 1 Grammar ......................................................45 Unit 1 Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences 1.1 Kinds of Sentences: Declarative

and Interrogative .........................................47 1.2 Kinds of Sentences: Exclamatory

and Imperative ............................................49 1.3 Subjects and Predicates: Simple

and Complete ..............................................51 1.4 Subjects and Predicates: Compound ..........53 1.5 Simple and Compound Sentences .............55 1.6 Sentence Fragments ....................................57 1.7 Run-On Sentences.......................................59 Unit 1 Review ..........................................................61 Cumulative Review .................................................62

Unit 2 Nouns 2.8 Nouns: Proper and Common ......................63 2.9 Nouns: Singular and Plural ........................65 2.10 Nouns: Collective ........................................67 2.11 Nouns: Possessives .....................................69 Unit 2 Review ..........................................................71 Cumulative Review: Units 1?2................................72

Unit 3 Verbs 3.12 Action Verbs and Direct Objects ................75 3.13 Action Verbs and Indirect Objects .............77 3.14 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs ...............79 3.15 Linking Verbs and Predicate Words ..........81 3.16 Verb Tenses: Present, Past, and Future .....83 3.17 Main Verbs: Principal Parts ........................85 3.18 Helping Verbs..............................................87 3.19 Verb Forms: Present Progressive

and Past Progressive....................................89 3.20 Perfect Tenses: Present and Past ................91 3.21 Irregular Verbs I...........................................93 3.22 Irregular Verbs II .........................................95 3.23 Irregular Verbs III ........................................97 3.24 More Practice with Verb Forms..................99 Unit 3 Review ........................................................101 Cumulative Review: Units 1?3 .............................102

Unit 4 Pronouns 4.25 Personal Pronouns ....................................105 4.26 Using Pronouns Correctly.........................107 4.27 Pronouns and Antecedents.......................109 4.28 Possessive Pronouns .................................111 4.29 Indefinite Pronouns ..................................113 Unit 4 Review ........................................................115 Cumulative Review: Units 1-4 ..............................116

Unit 5 Adjectives 5.30 Adjectives and Proper Adjectives ............119 5.31 Articles and Demonstratives.....................121

5.32 Adjectives That Compare..........................123 5.33 Special Adjectives That Compare ............125 Unit 5 Review ........................................................127 Cumulative Review: Units 1?5..............................128

Unit 6 Adverbs 6.34 Adverbs Modifying Verbs .........................131 6.35 Adverbs Modifying Adjectives

and Adverbs ..............................................133 6.36 Adverbs That Compare .............................135 6.37 Irregular Comparative Forms....................137 6.38 Telling Adjectives and

Adverbs Apart I .........................................139 6.39 Telling Adjectives and

Adverbs Apart II........................................141 6.40 Avoiding Double Negatives ......................143 Unit 6 Review ........................................................145 Cumulative Review: Units 1?6 .............................146

Unit 7 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections 7.41 Prepositions...............................................149 7.42 Prepositional Phrases................................151 7.43 Pronouns After Prepositions.....................153 7.44 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives

and Adverbs ..............................................155 7.45 Telling Prepositions and

Adverbs Apart ...........................................157 7.46 Conjunctions .............................................159 7.47 Interjections...............................................161 Unit 7 Review ........................................................163 Cumulative Review: Units 1?7..............................164

Unit 8 Subject-Verb Agreement 8.48 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree ............167 8.49 Subject Pronouns and

Verb Agreement.........................................169 8.50 Locating the Subject..................................171 8.51 Agreement with Compound

Subjects......................................................173 Unit 8 Review ........................................................175 Cumulative Review: Units 1? 8 .............................176

Unit 9 Diagraming Sentences 9.52 Diagraming Simple Subjects

and Simple Predicates ..............................179 9.53 Diagraming the Four Kinds

of Sentences...............................................181 9.54 Diagraming Direct and Indirect

Objects and Predicate Words....................183 9.55 Diagraming Adjectives and Adverbs ........185 9.56 Diagraming Prepositional Phrases............187 9.57 Diagraming Compound

Sentence Parts ...........................................189 Unit 9 Review ........................................................191 Cumulative Review: Units 1? 9 .............................192

Table of Contents iii

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Part 2 Usage ..........................................................195 Unit 10 Usage Glossary 10.58 Usage: accept to a lot ................................197 10.59 Usage: beside to chose ..............................199 10.60 Usage: in to learn.......................................201 10.61 Usage: leave to sit......................................203 10.62 Usage: than to whose ................................205 Unit 10 Review ......................................................207 Cumulative Review: Units 1?10 ...........................208

Part 3 Mechanics ...................................................211 Unit 11 Capitalization 11.63 Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations,

and Salutations I .......................................213 11.64 Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations,

and Salutations II ......................................215 11.65 Capitalizing Names and

Titles of Persons I......................................217 11.66 Capitalizing Names and

Titles of Persons II.....................................219 11.67 Capitalizing Names of Places I .................221 11.68 Capitalizing Names of Places II ................223 11.69 Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns

and Adjectives I.........................................225 11.70 Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns

and Adjectives II .......................................227 Unit 11 Review ......................................................229 Cumulative Review: Units 1?11 ...........................230

Unit 12 Punctuation 12.71 Using the Period and

Other End Marks .......................................233 12.72 Using Commas I ........................................235 12.73 Using Commas II .......................................237 12.74 Using Commas III ......................................239 12.75 Using Commas IV......................................241 12.76 Commas in Review....................................243 12.77 Semicolons and Colons.............................245 12.78 Quotation Marks........................................247 12.79 Quotation Marks and Italics .....................249 12.80 Apostrophes ..............................................251 12.81 Hyphens.....................................................253 12.82 Abbreviations I ..........................................255 12.83 Abbreviations II.........................................257 12.84 Writing Numbers I.....................................259 12.85 Writing Numbers II ...................................261 Unit 12 Review ......................................................263 Cumulative Review: Units 1?12 ...........................264

Part 4 Vocabulary and Spelling ...........................267 Unit 13 Vocabulary and Spelling 13.86 Building Vocabulary: Learning

from Context..............................................269 13.87 Building Vocabulary: Prefixes ..................271 13.88 Building Vocabulary: Suffixes..................273 13.89 Synonyms and Antonyms.........................275 13.90 Homonyms ................................................277 13.91 Basic Spelling Rules I ..............................279

13.92 Basic Spelling Rules II ..............................281 13.93 Basic Spelling Rules III .............................283 13.94 Often Misspelled Words ...........................285 13.95 Easily Confused Words .............................287 13.96 Review: Building Vocabulary ..................289 13.97 Review: Basic Spelling Rules ..................291 Unit 13 Review ......................................................293 Cumulative Review: Units 1?13 ...........................294

Part 5 Composition................................................297 Unit 14 Composition 14.98 The Writing Process: Prewriting I ............299 14.99 The Writing Process: Prewriting II ...........301 14.100 The Writing Process: Drafting I ................303 14.101 The Writing Process: Drafting II ...............305 14.102 The Writing Process: Revising I................307 14.103 The Writing Process: Revising II ..............309 14.104 The Writing Process: Editing ....................311 14.105 The Writing Process: Presenting...............313 14.106 Outlining ...................................................315 14.107 Writing Effective Sentences I....................317 14.108 Writing Effective Sentences II ..................319 14.109 Writing Effective Sentences III .................321 14.110 Building Paragraphs I................................323 14.111 Building Paragraphs II ..............................325 14.112 Building Paragraphs III .............................327 14.113 Paragraph Ordering ...................................329 14.114 Personal Letters I.......................................331 14.115 Personal Letters II......................................333 14.116 Personal Letters III ....................................335 14.117 Business Letters: Letters of Request

or Complaint..............................................337 14.118 Business Letters: Letters

of Opinion .................................................339

Index ...................................................................341

TAE Tests Unit 1: Subjects, Predicates, and

Sentences.................................................349 Unit 2: Nouns ......................................................351 Unit 3: Verbs........................................................353 Unit 4: Pronouns .................................................357 Unit 5: Adjectives ...............................................359 Unit 6: Adverbs ...................................................361 Unit 7: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and

Interjections.............................................365 Unit 8: Subject-Verb Agreement .........................369 Unit 9: Diagraming Sentences.............................371 Unit 10: Usage Glossary .......................................373 Unit 11: Capitalization ..........................................375 Unit 12: Punctuation .............................................377 Unit 13: Vocabulary and Spelling ........................381 Unit 14: Composition ............................................383

Answer Key to Testing Program ..........................387

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iv Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 6

Handbook of

Definitions and Rules

Handbook 1

Handbook

SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

1. The simple subject is the key noun or pronoun that tells what the sentence is about. A

compound subject is made up of two or more simple subjects that are joined by a

conjunction and have the same verb.

The lantern glows.

Moths and bugs fly nearby.

2. The simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase that expresses the essential thought about the subject of the sentence. A compound predicate is made up of two or more verbs or verb phrases that are joined by a conjunction and have the same subject. Rachel jogged down the hill. Pete stretched and exercised for an hour.

3. The complete subject consists of the simple subject and all the words that modify it. Golden curly hair framed the child's face. The soft glow of sunset made her happy.

4. The complete predicate consists of the simple predicate and all the words that modify it or complete its meaning. Lindy ate a delicious muffin for breakfast. The apple muffin also contained raisins.

5. Usually the subject comes before the predicate in a sentence. In inverted sentences, all or part of the predicate precedes the subject. (You) Wait for me at the corner. (request) Through the toys raced the children. (inverted) Is the teacher feeling better? (question) There are seats in the first row.

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PARTS OF SPEECH

Nouns

1. A singular noun is a word that names one person, place, thing, or idea.

aunt

meadow

pencil

friendship

A plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.

aunts

meadows

pencils

friendships

2. To help you determine whether a word in a sentence is a noun, try adding it to the

following sentences. Nouns will fit in at least one of these sentences:

He said something about ________.

I know something about a(n) ________.

He said something about aunts.

I know something about a meadow.

3. A common noun names a general class of people, places, things, or ideas.

sailor

city

holiday

music

A proper noun specifies a particular person, place, thing, event, or idea. Proper nouns

are always capitalized.

Captain Ahab

Rome

Memorial Day

Treasure Island

Handbook 3

Handbook

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4. A concrete noun names an object that occupies space or that can be recognized by any

of the senses.

leaf

melody

desk

aroma

An abstract noun names an idea, a quality, or a characteristic.

loyalty

honesty

democracy

friendship

5. A collective noun names a group. When the collective noun refers to the group as a whole, it is singular. When it refers to the individual group members, the collective noun is plural. The family eats dinner together every night. (singular) The council vote as they wish on the pay increase. (plural)

6. A possessive noun shows possession, ownership, or the relationship between two nouns.

Monica's book

the rabbit's ears

the hamster's cage

Verbs

1. A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being and is necessary to make a

statement. A verb will fit one or more of these sentences:

He _________. We _________.

She ________ it.

He knows.

We walk.

She sees it.

2. An action verb tells what someone or something does. The two types of action verbs are

transitive and intransitive. A transitive verb is followed by a word or words--called the

direct object--that answer the question what? or whom? An intransitive verb is not

followed by a word that answers what? or whom?

Transitive: The tourists saw the ruins.

The janitor washed the window.

Intransitive: Owls hooted during the night.

The children played noisily.

3. An indirect object receives what the direct object names. Marcy sent her brother a present.

4. A linking verb links, or joins, the subject of a sentence with an adjective or a noun. The trucks were red. (adjective) She became an excellent swimmer. (noun)

5. A verb phrase consists of a main verb and all its auxiliary, or helping, verbs. We had been told of his arrival. They are listening to a symphony.

6. Verbs have four principal parts or forms: base, past, present participle, and past

participle. Form the past and past participle by adding -ed to the base.

Base: I talk.

Present Participle: I am talking.

Past: I talked.

Past Participle: I have talked.

4 Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 6

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