Job Openings and Labor Turnover - January 2020

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 4, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 ? JoltsInfo@ ? jlt

Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 ? PressOffice@

USDL-22-1966

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER ? AUGUST 2022

The number of job openings decreased to 10.1 million on the last business day of August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.3 million and 6.0 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (4.2 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) were little changed. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class.

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, August 2019 - August 2022

Percent

7.4

7.0

6.6

6.2

5.8

5.4

5.0

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.4

3.0 Aug-19

Feb-20

Aug-20

Feb-21

Aug-21

Feb-22

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, August 2019 - August 2022

Percent

11.0

10.0

9.0

Hires

Separations

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0 Aug-22 Aug-19

Feb-20

Aug-20

Feb-21

Aug-21

Feb-22

Aug-22

Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 10.1 million (-1.1 million) and 6.2 percent, respectively. The largest decreases in job openings were in health care and social assistance (-236,000), other services (-183,000), and retail trade (-143,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In August, the number of hires was little changed at 6.3 million, and the rate was unchanged at 4.1 percent. Hires decreased in federal government (-8,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers' willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In August, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.0 million and 3.9 percent, respectively. Total separations increased in accommodation and food services (+175,000). (See table 3.) In August, the number of quits was little changed at 4.2 million, and the rate was unchanged at 2.7 percent. Quits increased in accommodation and food services (+119,000) but decreased in professional and business services (-94,000). (See table 4.) In August, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.5 million and 1.0 percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all industries. (See table 5.) The number of other separations was little changed in August at 358,000. Other separations decreased in information (-6,000) and in federal government (-3,000). (See table 6.) Establishment Size Class In August, the job openings rate decreased in all establishment size classes except those with 9 or less employees, which changed little. Both the layoffs and discharges rate and the total separations rate decreased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees. The quits rate increased in establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm. ____________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2022 are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, November 1, 2022, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

- 2 -

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Job openings

Hires

Category

Aug. 2021

July 2022

Aug. 2022p

Aug. 2021

July 2022

Aug. 2022p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)

Total.................................................. . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................ . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, warehousing, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities............................. . Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State and local, excluding education. . . . .

10,629 9,782 33 362 873 491 382 2,018 288 1,177

553 185 466 306 159 1,892 1,797 160 1,638 1,718 208 1,510 437 847 135 712 285 427

11,170 10,065

35 353 910 530 380 1,778 278 946

554 222 641 474 167 1,991 2,165 207 1,958 1,516 203 1,313 454 1,104 158 946 335 611

10,053 9,037 35 407 795 477 318 1,638 325 803

510 205 524 347 177 1,872 1,885 163 1,722 1,405 193 1,213 271 1,016 129 888 292 596

RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)

Total.................................................. .

6.7

6.8

6.2

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3

7.2

6.5

Mining and logging............................ .

5.4

5.3

5.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.7

4.4

5.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.6

6.6

5.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.0

6.2

5.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.5

7.2

6.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . .

6.8

5.8

5.4

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.8

4.5

5.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.1

5.6

4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.7

7.3

6.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.1

6.8

6.3

Financial activities............................. .

5.0

6.7

5.5

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5

6.7

5.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . .

6.6

6.6

7.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . .

8.2

8.2

7.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.0

8.1

7.1

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

5.1

4.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . .

7.5

8.7

7.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.6

8.8

8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . .

9.2

8.1

7.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . .

10.9

8.9

8.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.4

7.4

4.5

6,362 6,005

21 371 463 261 202 1,382 187 896

298 118 206 131

75 1,204

786 107 679 1,234 169 1,064 219 357

44 313 165 148

4.3 4.8 3.7 5.0 3.7 3.4 4.3 5.0 3.3 5.8

4.5 4.1 2.3 2.0 3.3 5.7 3.3 2.9 3.4 8.5 8.3 8.6 4.0

6,238 5,846

25 384 428 240 188 1,277 165 782

330 101 223 148

76 1,258

862 103 760 1,071 160 911 217 392

45 348 169 179

4.1 4.5 4.0 5.0 3.3 3.0 3.9 4.4 2.8 4.9

4.7 3.3 2.5 2.2 3.2 5.6 3.5 2.7 3.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 3.8

6,277 5,880

27 373 452 258 194 1,289 171 774

345 111 225 151

74 1,204

803 85

717 1,131

139 991 266 398

37 360 164 197

4.1 4.5 4.2 4.8 3.5 3.2 4.0 4.5 2.9 4.9

4.9 3.7 2.5 2.3 3.1 5.4 3.3 2.2 3.5 7.2 6.0 7.4 4.7

Total separations

Aug. 2021

July 2022

Aug. 2022p

5,913 5,577

17 375 420 234 186 1,353 187 919

247 94

202 131

72 1,140

742 87

655 1,052

140 912 182 336

45 291 148 143

5,794 5,450

19 355 414 226 188 1,199 153 743

303 90

206 136

70 1,220

737 80

657 1,006

159 847 204 344

40 304 150 153

5,976 5,607

19 360 417 232 184 1,252 154 773

326 100 218 146

72 1,134

715 77

638 1,155

134 1,022

237 369

39 330 164 166

4.0

3.8

3.9

4.5

4.2

4.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

5.1

4.6

4.7

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.9

4.0

3.9

3.8

4.9

4.2

4.3

3.3

2.6

2.6

6.0

4.7

4.9

3.7

4.3

4.6

3.3

3.0

3.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.0

2.1

2.2

3.2

3.0

3.1

5.3

5.5

5.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.4

2.1

2.0

3.3

3.2

3.1

7.3

6.4

7.3

6.8

6.9

5.8

7.4

6.3

7.6

3.3

3.6

4.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted -- Continued

Job openings

Hires

Total separations

Category

Aug. 2021

July 2022

Aug. 2022p

Aug. 2021

July 2022

Aug. 2022p

Aug. 2021

July 2022

Aug. 2022p

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7

4.7

4.4

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.5

1.7

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5

5.2

4.3

1.5

1.6

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.4

State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6

4.7

4.4

1.6

1.8

1.9

1.5

1.6

1.7

State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7

3.1

2.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.6

State and local, excluding education. . . . . 4.5

6.3

6.2

1.6

2.0

2.2

1.6

1.7

1.8

p Preliminary

2

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can be found at jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions Employment. Employment includes persons on

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:

A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time.

The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking or making "word-of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days;

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